Anthropology Final

"Berdache Tradition": Among the Lakota Sioux, what vision might indicate that an individual will become a berdache? a. a white buffalo calf b. an eagle c. a marriage d. a man dressed as a woman

A

According to the lecture, ridicule, song duels and an individual moving away from the group are the most effective forms of sanctions to maintain social control at which level of society? a. band b. tribe c. chiefdom d. state

A

Anthropology's understanding of skin pigmentation emphasizes that a. it is an adaptive response to ultraviolet light b. it has little relationship to the latitude where one's ancestors spent a lot of time c. it reflects the natural inferiority of some groups d. it helps some populations resist malaria

A

Being able to communicate about things not currently present in space and time is known as a. displacement b. duality of patterning c. productivity d. arbitrariness

A

In "Baseball Magic", which aspect of baseball involves the least amount of chance? a. fielding b. hitting c. pitching

A

In "Too Many Bananas", what item did the author buy (with money) that Kolia demanded to be returned? a. a watermelon b. a pineapple c. a banana d. tobacco

A

Marriage takes different forms in different places. All the terms listed below are forms of marriage except a. polyamory b. polyandry c. polygamy d. polygyny

A

One of the reasons that the understanding of many early city-states is challenging is due to a. the lack of written records b. our inability to interpret the language used c. the loss of material due to looting d. the inherent biases that archaeologists bring to their work

A

When anthropologists study the way people use language in real settings rather than as a set of grammatical rules, they are focusing on a. parole b. langue c. phonetics d. morphology

A

"Why Isn't the Sky Blue": Which society was the earliest to have a term for the color blue in the written literature? a. Greeks b. egyptians c. chinese d. persians

B

A preformed, usually unfavorable, opinion about people who are different is a. discrimination b. prejudice c. racism d. ethnocentrism

B

According to "RACE: Are We So Different", many of our current concepts of race originated during a. the italian renaissance b. the european age of exploration c. the industrial revolution d. none of these; the concept of race as know it now has always been inherent to the human condition

B

According to the lecture, the first evidence of domestication comes from about a. 25,000 years ago b. 12,000 years ago c. 6,000 years ago d. 2,000 years ago

B

According to the lecture, the scientific consensus on human-driven (anthropogenic) climate change refers to a. 97% of all scientists agree it is humans are casing the current warming trend. b. multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals show that 97% or more of actively publishing climate scientists agree climate-warming is likely due to human activities c. over half of all scientists agree current warming trends are due to human activity d. there is no scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change

B

Anthropologists think that the first hominin capable of speaking in sounds, not signals was a. australopithecines b. homo erectus c. archaic homo sapiens d. modern homo sapiens

B

If you studied speech patterns such as those analyzed in Robin Lakoff's study of gendered speech, you might find that "talking like a lady" a. contributes to gender equality in the work place b. marginalizes women's voices in work contexts c. demonstrates that women and men are equal d. builds certainty and trust

B

In "Baseball Magic", the author of the article played as a first baseman for what team? a. chicago cubs b. detroit tigers c. san francisco giants d. new york yankees

B

In "Too Many Bananas", what does Kolia suggest the author do with all the bananas when the author complains he has too many and they are spoiling? a. sell them at the market b. feed them to guests c. throw them away d. make banana bread

B

In some Pentecostal and charismatic Christian religions adherents experience an ecstatic religious happening (often associated with shamanism), which is known as a. praying b. speaking in tongues c. pilgrimage d. meditation

B

Koko and Washo were two primates who had learned a. call sounds b. American Sign Language c. Morse code d. English

B

The decision to marry, and whom we choose to marry, in the United States is drawn strongly from the ideology of a. fanaticism b. individualism c. catholicism d. free enterprise

B

Which English philosophers were concerned with the problem of disorder and argued that chaos is avoidable by creating strong government? a. evans-pritchard and radcliffe-brown b. hobbes and locke c. smith and marx d. sahlins and service

B

Which of the following developed groups for categorizing humans into distinct races? a. soldiers b. scientists c. clergy d. explorers

B

Which of the following establishes descent group membership exclusively through the female line a. patrilineal b. matrilineal c. bilineal d. multilateral

B

"Berdache Tradition": What is the major role of a berdache in many Native American societies? a. basket maker b. fashion consultant c. mediator d. chief

C

"Who Needs Love": The article gives three reasons why Japanese marriages are so strong and durable. Which one of the following IS NOT a reason listed in the article? a. low expectations b. shame c. strong religious beliefs d. patience

C

"Why isn't the Sky Blue": What is the name of the British Prime Minister who was fascinated with the stories of Homer? a. Winston Churchill b. Neville Chamberlain c. William Gladstone d. Tony Blair

C

According to the lecture, animism, on the most basic level, is the belief in: a. a deity b. ancestors who have become deities c. a soul d. anthropomorphized animals

C

According to the lecture, the Neolithic began with a. the development of the plow b. the use of irrigation c. the domestication of plants and animals d. the advent of social complexity

C

Ethnicity differs from race that a. ethnicity always refers to your country of origin b. ethnicity refers to your ancestors' country of origin c. ethnicity is a group that believes they share a common culture and/or ancestry d. an individual's ethnicity is a label based on his/her physical characteristics

C

Gender refers to a. the politically correct way to refer to the 2 sexes b. one's preference of sexual partners c. the social/cultural categories of men and women d. the appearance of one's sexual physical features

C

Human skin color is distributed a. in discrete units b. in categories that coincide with major continental masses c. as a cline (it's a clinical trait) d. similarly in both the northern and southern hemispheres

C

Individuals who diverge from the male-female norm and exhibit sexual organs and functions somewhere between, including both male and female, are called a. transsecual b. transgender c. intersex d. cisgender

C

Rolling the oaks at Toomer's Corner would best be described as what type of ritual for Auburn fans? a. sacrificial rite b. sorcery c. rite of intensification d. divination

C

The dynamics of a complex society ensure that a. non-elites enjoy the same status as elites b. all members of the society benefit from the social structure c. lifestyles of the elites benefit from the labor of non-elites d. wealth is redistributed to ensure that all members benefit

C

The exercise of political power in state and non-state societies is different in all of the following respects except a. the ways in which power is gained b. the uses of violence and coercion toward political ends c. the importance of personal connections d. the ways in which power is transmitted to others

C

The practice of a man having more than one spouse is called a. monogamy b. polyandry c. polygyny d. polymorphy

C

The subsistence strategy almost entirely dependent on animal husbandry is a. foraging b. horiculture c. pastoralism d. agriculture

C

What is the relationship between power and authority? a. power and authority re synonymous and there is no difference between the terms b. where there is power, there is always authority c. power can exist without authority d. authority usually exists without power in state level societies

C

What is the significance of tubers as a very early cultigen in the New Guinea Highlands? a. it proves that early humans were successfully living in New Guinea b. it demonstrates that trade networks existed long before that appearance of agricultural techniques c. it shows us that early cultigens can be something other than grains d. it provides evidence of the health of the New Guinea highlands population today

C

Words that came from the same ancestral language and originated from the same word are called a. loan words b. synonyms c. cognate words d. phonology

C

According to anthropologist Sherry Ortner's analysis, the American flag is an example of a. a key scenario b. a sign c. an elaborating symbol d. a symmarizing symbol

D

According to lecture, scientists have ruled out all of the following as driving the current warming trend EXCEPT a. increasing solar energy b. natural fluctuations in the earth's climate c. increased volcanic activity d. increased CO2 emissions from humans

D

According to the lecture, by many reports we have _______ years of fertile topsoil left a. 1000's b. 200 c. 100 d. 60

D

Anthropology measures a. the expression of racial traits b. human leukocyte antigen activity c. ratio of melanin production to skin reflectance d. body parameters to assess physical variation

D

Archaeologist Kent Flannery suggests that farming probably began a. in the tropics b. in the midst of areas of rich natural resources c. in areas with high rainfall d. in poor areas at the margins of rich ones

D

Capitalism is an example of a. reciprocity b. closed economic system c. redistribution d. a market system

D

Consumer capitalism contributes to increasing ecological footprints in industrialized nations because a. the production of goods is not sustainable and uses too many raw materials b. it promotes the idea that people need more things to be happy c. goods are shipped using fossil fuels d. all of the above

D

Economies in which people seek high social rank, prestige, and power instead of money and material wealth are known as a. capitalist b. surplus value c. market exchange d. prestige economies

D

Intensification, a process that increases yields, can include a. prepping soil b. plant modification c. large labor force d. all of the above

D

One of the ways that archeologists can evaluate the extend of damage done by epidemic diseases in ancient human settlement is through a. carbon-14 dating of human remains b. analysis of fire pit remains c. close examination of plant and animal DNA d. careful evaluation of skeletons found in burial sites

D

The Green Revolution has initiated a worldwide change in a. preventing destruction of the world's rain forests b. carbon capture c. how governments permit corporations to conduct forestry practices d. agriculture in the developing world

D

The ghost dance among the Sioux in the 1890s was a. a new religious movement responding to white encroachment on their lands b. drawing on a mix of older and newer religious concepts c. an attempt to recover self-respect d. all of the above

D

The potlatch is an example of a. a feast b. a leveling mechanism c. redistribution d. all of the above

D

To say that human race is a folk taxonomy means that a. the concept is important only in modern industrial societies b. it is found only among very primitive cultures c. race only has meaning in scientific western cultures d. it is an example of a set of cultural categories based on physical differences

D

What are people who belong to conservative religious movements that advocate a return to traditional principles called? a. believers b. practitioners c. faithful d. fundamentalists

D

What do environmental anthropologists study a. the impact of pollution on certain groups b. the effects of global economic changes on human-nature relationships c. the impact of sustainable development initiatives on certain groups d. all of the above

D

What is NOT true of shamans? a.they are part-time religious specialists b. they are chosen for the job by the supernatural c. they are involved in healing activities d. they are generally found in more complex/industrialized societies

D

Which is not a characteristic of civilization as defined in the lecture? a. system of writing b. intensive agriculture c. public works d. gender stratification

D

Which of the following is not an example of the ways humans vary biologically? a. blood type b. immune system response c. the ability to resist certain diseases d. race

D

(T/F) "Secrets of Haiti's Living Dead" discusses how people can literally be revived from death.

False

(T/F) Ethnobiologists are primarily interested in the conservation traditions of non-western peoples

False

(T/F) Most anthropologists currently see the traditional religions of small-scale tribal societies as "primitive," based on ideas not linked to reality.

False

(T/F) Women in arctic hunter-gatherer groups do not work as hard as men because there is no option to forage

False

(T/F)Languages always change very slowly, taking generations or even centuries

False

(T/F) "Who Needs Love": Traditionally, it was common in Japanese society for fathers to only interact with their children on the weekend.

True

(T/F) Ruralization is the process that leads to a contested space in the country located between different city-states

True

(T/F) The way in which most people incorporate the social and material aspects of their lives into biological experiences and outcomes is known as embodiment

True

(T/F) Women provide most of the diet in foraging societies

True

(T/F) the use of money is a human universal

false