Anthropology Final Exam 2019

Exogamy is adaptive because it A. increases the number of individuals that one can rely on in times of need B. increases the likelihood that disadvantageous alleles will find the phenotypic expression and eliminate them from the population C. impedes peaceful relations among social groups and therefore promotes population expansion D. was an important casual factor in the origin of the state E. reduces the gene pool of a community

A. increases the number of individuals that one can rely on in times of need

____________ is associated with the site of Zhoukoudian A. H. habilis B. H. Erectus C. Archaic H. sapiens D. Neadertals E. H. sapiens

B. H. erectus

The relatively high incidence of expanded family households among poorer North Americans is A. the result of a patrilocal residence pattern B. an adaptation to poverty C. maladaptive, since smaller families would have fewer expenses D. the result of bifurcate merging, a practice brought to the united states by Scotch-Irish immigrants during the early part of the 20th century E. the reason welfare in the US is ineffective

B. an adaptation to poverty

The incest taboo is a cultural universal, but A. not all cultures have on B. not all cultures define incest the same way C. not all cultures know about incest D. some cultures have replaced with the levirate E. some cultures nevertheless encourage incest

B. not all cultures define incest the same way

Transhumance is a form of A. horticulture B. pastoralism C. foraging D. agriculture E. reciprocity

B. pastoralism

___________ is the postmarital residence pattern in which a married couple is expected to live in the husband's community A. neolocality B. patrilocality C. matrilocality D. ambilocality E. Uxorilocality

B. patrilocality

__________ is not one of the adaptive strategies included in Cohen's typology A. pastoralism B. redistribution C. agriculture D. industrialism E. Foraging

B. redistribution

Researchers know Ardipithecus A. was a knuckle-walking proto-chimpanzee B. was a bipedal hominin with very apelike characteristics C. was merely a male Australopithecus anamensis D. is a New World Monkey E. is ancestral to Neandertals but not to Homo Sapiens

B. was a bipedal hominin with very apelike characteristics

________ were the precursors to primary states A. Archaic states B. tribes C. Chiefdoms D. bands E. city-states

C. Chiefdoms

Most band-level foraging societies are relatively A. stratified B. sedentary C. egalitarian D. Warlike E. Large

C. Egalitarian

in matrilineal societies A. daughters become lifetime members of their mother's group, but sons belong to their father's group B. sons become lifetime members of their mother's group, but daughters belong to their father's group C. descent groups include only the children of the group's women D. descent groups included only the children of the group's men E. post-marriage residence tends to be patrilocal

C. descent groups include only the children of the group's women

________ is not one of the primary mechanisms of genetic evolution A. gene flow B. natural selection C. Independent assortment D. mutation E. Genetic drift

C. independent assortment

_________ refers to the process by which humans innovate to creatively to find solution to problems A. enculturation B. acculturation C. independent invention D. globalization E. diffusion

C. independent invention

The study of forms in which sounds combine to form words and their meaningful parts is A. phonology B. syntax C. morphology D. lexicon E. Grammar

C. morphology

The study of sounds used in speech is A. historical linguistics B. sociolinguistics C. phonology D. morphology E. ebonics

C. phonology

Rules of endogamy A. prove that the incest taboo is not a cultural universal. B. encourage people to disregard social distinctions in choosing mates. C. tend to maintain social distinctions between groups. D. expand a population's gene pool. E. result in ever-widening kinship networks.

C. tend to maintain social distinctions between groups

The biblical practice (still found in many african groups) in which a man should marry (or impregnate) his dead brother' wife is called A. The sexual division of labor B. the cargo cult C. the levirate D. the sorority

C. the levirate

3 Specific dating techniques and absolute or relative

Carbon 14 - Absolute Potassium Argon - Absolute Uranium Series - Absolute

Physical/biological anthropologist are interested in A. paleoanthropology B. primatology C. human physical variation D. all the above

D. All the above

The pressurized cabin of an airplane flying at high altitude provides an example of a(n) A. genetic adaptation B. long-term physiological adaptation C. short-term physiological adaptation D. cultural adaptation E. archaeological adaption

D. Cultural adaptation

Cuneiform is the name for early writing in A. China B. Mesoamerica C. Indus Valley D. Mesopatamia E. Andes

D. Mesopotamia

Bridewealth works to A. compensate the wife's family for the loss of her children B. maintain the marriage through family pressure on the spouses C. compensate the wife's family for the loss of her labor D. achieve all of the above

D. achieve all of the above

Pastoralists such as the Nuer and the Masai view their cattle as, A. their main measure of wealth B. a source of happiness C. a main source of food D. all of the above

D. all of the above

In general, the status of women A. rises as the dependence on food production intensifies B. is higher in societies in which males do most of the work in food production C. is higher among agriculturalists that it is among foragers D. is higher in matrilineal societies than it is in patrilineal societies E. is higher in yanomami society than it is among the Betsileo of madagascar

D. is higher in matrilineal societies than it is in patrilineal societies

With domestication, the husks of wild cereals became A. tougher B. thicker C. darker D. more brittle E. None of the above is correct

D. more brittle

Paying taxes is an example of A. generalized reciprocity B. balanced reciprocity C. the market principle D. redistribution E. negative reciprocity

D. redistribution

When chiefs maintain granaries from their subjects' contributions, from which people can take at times of need, this is an example of A. generalized reciprocity B. balanced reciprocity C. primitive communism D. redistribution E. silent trade

D. redistribution

Shifting cultivation A. typically involves the use of draft animals B. cannot support permanent villages C. requires irrigation D. requires cultivators to let exhaust plots of land lie fallow for several years E. relies extensively on chemical fertilizers

D. requires cultivators to let exhaust plots of land lie fallow for several years

_________ refers to unilinear descent group whose members claim, but cannot demonstrate, common descent from a specific ancestor A. Clan B. Lineage C. extended family D. family of procreation E. family of orientation

A. Clan

________ occurs in all human societies A. Gender-based division labor B. transhumance C. highly specialized technology D. domestication of animals for food E. Terracing

A. Gender-based division labor

_________ describes the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is today Iraq and southwestern Iran A. Mesopotamia B. Mesolithic C. Mesoamerica D. Mesozoic E. Mesoderm

A. Mesopotamia

In Shanidar Cave in northern Iraq, roughly 45 thousand years ago: A. Neandertals buried their dead with what looks to have been very complex, symbolic ceremonies B. Modern hymans called Cro-Magons carved figurines of pregnant women and reindeer and painted dangerous carnivores on the walls C. Catalhoyukians slept in archaic bunk beds with their dead ancestors on the bottom bunk D. Aztecs removed the hearts of their human sacrifices in a ritual known as the "flowerly death"

A. Neandertals buried their dead with what looks to have been very complex, symbolic ceremonies

The sedentary life developed in the Middle East A. before the farming and herding B. after farming but before herding C. after herding but before farming D. after farming and herding E. at the same time that farming and herding developed

A. before farming and herding

The Natufians were A. broad-spectrum foragers who lived in year-round villages in the middle east B. the first farmers in highland Peru C. long-distance traders responsible for the spread of food production from the Middles East to the Indus River D. the first Siberian big-game hunters to cross the Bering land bridge E. the first North American Paleoindians to settle in permanent villages

A. broad-specturm foragers who lived in year-round villages in the middle east

__________ is not part of Darwin's theory of evolution A. catastrophism B. Competition for resources C. Variety in a population D. Change in form over generations E. Natural Selection

A. catastrophism

Oldowan tools were manufactured by A. chipping flakes off a core B. chipping blades off a prepared core C. using deer antlers to pressure-flake a core D. striking steel against a stone core E. grinding a coarser stone against a softer one

A. chipping flakes off a core

Excavations at the royal cemetery of UR revealed that servants were sacrificed to accompany their rulers into the next life (according to one theory) by: A. drinking poison B. being reproduced in the form of a small votive statue C. being staked down into a peat bog D. having their head chopped off

A. drinking poison

Which subsistence strategy has characterized most of human existence A. foraging B. pastoralism C. Swidden cultivation D. agriculture E. Cannibalism

A. foraging

Individuals do not learn culture through A. genetic transmission B. unconscious acquisition C. through observation D. through direct instruction E. conscious acquisition

A. genetic transmission

List the homologies we share with primates

Opposable Thumbs Bigger Brains Parental Investment Use of Tools Social Groups Smell to sight Nose to Hand

A vertical economy exploits environmental zones that are close together in space, but differentiated by altitude, rainfall, overall climate, and vegetation T/F

True

A. afarensis made the footprints at the site of Laetoli in northern Tanzania T/F

True

Through potlatching, food and wealth were transferred from wealthy to needy communities, while potlatch sponsors and their villages were rewarded with prestige. T/F

True

Among the Etoro of Papua New Guinea, virtually all of the young men and boys engage in homosexual relationships because: A. they are too primitive to understand reproduction, which is why they don't exist B. the status of Etoro women is the highest in the world C. genetic drift has created a population dominated by a homosexual gene D. they emically believe it is necessary for boys to ingest semen in order to mature in healthy ways, through sacrifice that will eventually lead to the older man's death

D. they emically believe it is necessary for boys to ingest semen in order to mature in healthy ways, through sacrifice that will eventually lead to the older man's death

Agriculturalists A. clear tracts of land they wish to use by cutting down trees and setting fire to the grass B. generally work less than horticulturalists C. must be nomadic to take full advantage of their land D. use their land intensively and continuously E. Diet is more varied than that of horticulturalists

D. use their land intensively and continuously

Linguistic displacement is the A. ability to use the rules of language to produce entirely new expressions B. lexical difference between a protolanguage and a daughter language C. ability to respond to environmental stimuli D. Linguistic dimension of culture shock E. ability to talk about things that are not present

E. ability to talk about things that are not present

The presence of very large molars and a sagittal crest on top of the skull is evidence of A. adaptation to cold climates B. the earliest use of domesticated plants C. humanlike brain organization D. a dramatic increase in hunting activity E. adaptation to a diet based on tough, fibrous, and gritty vegetation

E. adaption to a diet based on tough, fibrous, and gritty vegetation

Anthropologists consider ________ to be "cultured" A. educated people B. key cultural consultants C. ethnocentric people D. culturally sensitive people E. all people

E. all people

A common social unit among foragers is the A. tribe B. chiefdom C. segmentary lineage D. State E. Band

E. band

When an individual gives something to someone else but expects nothing in return, this is an example of, A. Balanced reciprocity B. postive reciprocity C. negative reciprocity D. specialized reciprocity E. generalized reciprocity

E. generalized reciprocity

Archaeologists study A. language B. race C. biological adaptation D. modern cultural diversity E. material remains

E. material remains

Taking part in the events one is witnessing and describing those events is A. longitudinal research B. Emic research C. etic research D. Informed consent E. participant observation

E. participant observation

When a tenant farmer gives 20 percent of his crop to his landlord, he is allocating resources to a A. social fund B. subsistence fund C. ceremonial fund D. replacement fund E. rent fund

E. rent fund

The market principle dominates in the economies of foraging societies T/F

Fales

The statement, _________, is not true A."Catal Huyuk was first planned and built by the Ubaidians" B. "the dwellings at Catal Huyuk were entered through the rood" C. "Catal Huyuk was probably the largest Neolithic settlement in the Middle East" D. "the dead were buried beneath the house floors" E. "Catal Huyuk ma have had as many as 10,000 inhabitants"

A. "Catal Huyuk was first planned and built by the Ubaidians"

_________ have traditionally studied small, non-Western Populations A. Ethnographers B. Sociologists C. Economists D. Palynologists E. Limnologists

A. Ethnographers

In linguistic anthropology, the phrase 'focal vocabulary' is used to identify A. a set of words and distinctions that are particularly important to certain cultural groups B. the main definitions we're learning in this course, i.e anthro-lingo C. the set of words first learned by babies the world over D. the comparatively rare bits of vocabulary (such as clicks) which have become the focus of linguistic research

A. a set of words and distinctions that are particularly important to certain cultural groups

Biological anthropologists study all of the following except A. ancient languages B. human biological plasticity C. primates D. Human evolution E. human genetics

A. ancient languages

The extinction of the australopithecines suggests that the A. australopithecines ultimately were unsuccessful in competing with early homo populations B. broad-spectrum revolution was not adaptive C. australopithecines had no social organization D. transitional stage between apes and humans are very short E. australopithecines are relatively unimportant in the study of human evolution

A. australopithecines ultimately were unsuccessful in competing with early homo populations

The broad-spectrum revolution is defined as the period when A. glacial retreats led to the exploitation of a greater variety of plant and animals foods B. the greatest diversity of hominins lived in Africa C. H. sapiens populations overtook Neandertal caves and began to draw animal stick figures D. primates developed the ability to see more than just primary colors and therefore could distinguish different types of leaves E. H. sapiens shifted from gradual evolution to punctuated equilibrium

A. glacial retreats led to the exploitations of a greater variety of plant and animal foods

Rathje's garbology project A. studies the stratification of landfills B. is archaeology of modern people C. answered the question why people leave things behind for archaeologists to find D. is a study of potsherds E. was conducted in ancient Egypt

A. studies the stratification of landfills

Ethnography is A. the firsthand, personal study of local settings B. the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations C. the study of interrelationships among all living things in an environment D. a policy aimed at removing groups that are culturally different from a country E. the cross-cultural comparison of cultural date

A. the firsthand, personal study of local settings

A study of bilingual Jap-American women supported by Sapir-Whorf in finding that A. the same women responded in different ways to questions asked in english and in Japanese B. the same women responded in the same way to questions asked in each of the languages C. the answered differently depending upon who translated the questions D. their responses were different than those of monolingual english speakers and monolingual Japanese speakers

A. the same women responded in different ways to questions asked in english and in Japanese

The statement, __________, is not true A. "nonhumans primate calls occur in response to environmental stimuli" B. "nonhuman primate calls demonstrate linguistic productivity" C. "nonhuman primate calls are automatic and cannot be combined" D. "nonhuman primate call systems produce a limited number of sounds"

B. "nonhuman primate calls demonstrate linguistic productivity"

The Romance (French and Spanish etc) and english belong to the __________ language families A. Mixe-Zoque B. Indo-European C. North Caucasian D. Dravidian E. Austro-asiatic

B. Indo-European

The femur of Orrorin tugenesis suggests that it was A. unable to climb trees B. able to walk on two legs C. strictly arboreal D. nearly twice the size of a modern gorilla E. nearly identical to a modern human

B. able to walk on two legs

_________ defines the processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses A. ethnology B. adaptation C. Ethnography D. Cultural resource management E. Phenotype

B. adaptation

Analysis of large samples of human mitochondrial DNA has led some researches to hypothesize that all A. modern humans are descended from Neandertals in Western Europe B. current human mitochondrial DNA comes from one woman who lived in Africa some 200,000 years ago C. modern humans are descended directly from chimpanzees and gorillas, but not orangutans D. modern humans are not descended from robust australpoithecines E. H. erectus populations around the world eventually evolved into populations of H. sapiens

B. current human mitochondrial DNA comes from one woman who lived in Africa some 200,000 years ago

__________ is a trend in hominin evolution since the genus homo began A. a lack of sexual dimorphism B. decrease molar size C. stable population numbers D. Bipedalism E. A decreasing geographic range

B. decrease molar size

Regular shifting between "high" and "low" variants of a language is known as A. displacement B. diglossia C. semantics D. Kinesics E. Lexicon

B. diglossia

The Aztec's routine cut out the hearts of sacrificial victims to feed the sun and enable the day to dawn again. This ceremonial itself was often refereed to as A. Wars of conquest B. flowery death C. fountains of blood D. Noble bloodletting

B. flowery death

The great apes include A. baboons, gibbons, and chimps B. gorillas, chimps, and orangutans C. gorillas, gibbons, and chimpanzees D. macaques, baboons, and gibbons, E. orangutans, siamangs, and gorillas

B. gorillas, chimps, and orangutans

Archaeologists who use written records to supplement or guide their fieldwork are A. cognitive archaeologists B. historical archaeologists C. experimental archaeologists D. Underwater archaeologists E. literary archaeologists

B. historical archaeologists

Ethnocentrism is defined as viewing another culture A. by that culture's standards B. in terms of your own culture and values C. by government standards D. by the universal moral code that we all follow E. through a rose-colored glass

B. in terms of your own culture and values

Natural Selection A. is unique to flowering plants B. operates when there is competition for strategic resources C. is the driving principle behind creationism D. was discovered by Gregor Mendel E. operates only on single-celled animals because their genotypes are adaptable to enviorments

B. operates when there is competition for strategic resources

_________ refers to the minimal sound contrasts that distinguish meaning in a language A. morphemes B. phonemes C. syntax D. Grammar E. Diglossia

B. phonemes

What do sociolinguists study? A. Bipedalism B. Speech in its social context C. The universal grammar of language D. Cognitive capacity for language E. Cross-cultural phonemic distinctions

B. speech in its social context

Cultural relativism is A. a cultural universal, based upon the human capacity using symbols B. the argument that behavior in a particular culture should not be judged by the standards of another culture C. a cultural particular, based upon the interrelatedness of humans D. the opposite of participant observation E. the same thing as ethnocentrism

B. the argument that behavior in a particular culture should not be judged by the standards of other cultures

The sapir-whorf hypothesis argues that A. the degree of cultural complexity is related to the effectiveness of languages as systems of communication B. the languages people speak often influence the way they think C. the Hopi do not use three verb tenses; thus, they have no concept of time D. culture determines what language is able to describe E. all humans are endowed with the ability to use language

B. the languages people speak often influence the way they think

The Denisovans A. are descended from one man called Dennis, who lived about 200,000 years ago in Africa B. were distant cousins to the Neandertals and lived in Asia C. provide evidence that Neandertals did not interbreed with modern humans D. were found with the first evidence of use and control of fire E. are the common ancestor of the australopithecines and H. habilis

B. were distant cousins to the Neandertals and lived in Asia

The ____________ model suggests that a wave of anatomically modern humans replaced the Neandertals A. broad-spectrum revolution B. phyletic transformation C. "out of Africa" or "Eve" model D. multiregional evolution E. manifest destiny

C. "out of africa" or "eve" model

Current Evidence suggest that the last common ancestor of hominins and Thea African apes existed A. 15 to 20 mya B. 30 to 35 mya C. 6 to 8 mya D. 1.2 to 1.8 mya E. 300,000 to 400,000 years ago

C. 6 to 8 mya

Unstructured interviews A. seldom provide useful or accurate data B. must be carried out under as similar circumstances as possible C. contain open-ended questions and are paced by the interviewees D. are all very short in duration

C. Contain open-ended questions and are paced by the interviewees

____________ was the first hominin to arrive in the New World A. H. erectus B. A. boisei C. H. sapiens D. H. sapiens neaderthalensis E. H. habilis

C. H. Sapiens

Cultural resource management is an example of applied A. ethnology B. biological anthropology C. archaeology D. linguistic anthropology E. ethnography

C. archaeology

People who _________ are the most likely to adopt a new subsistence strategy, like food production A. have followed large game into a new continent B. want to increase their population more rapidly C. are having the most problems following their traditional subsistence strategy D. have already organized into a state-level society E. worship animals

C. are having the most problems following their traditional subsistence strategy

The four main subdisciplines of anthropology consist of A. medical anthropology, ethnography, ethnology, and cultural anthropology B. archaeology, biological, anthropology, applied linguistics, and applied anthropology C. biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology D. genetic anthropology, physical anthropology, psychological anthropology, linguistic anthropology E. primatology, ethnology, cultural anthropology, and paleopathology

C. biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology

The simple definition of evolution is A. natural selection B. mutations in breeding population C. descent with modification D. the process of achieving a perfect fit to the environment E. Competition over strategic resources

C. descent with modification

The principle of superposition dictates that A. in a systematic survey, the location of a site is most likely near a river B. in an undisturbed sequence of strata, the youngest layer is on the bottom C. in an undisturbed sequence of strata, the oldest layer is on the bottom D. a fossil that is superimposed over a rock that is being dated by an absolute method is the same age as the rock E. Certain Radioactive isotopes decay at predictable rates that allow archaeological sites to be dated based on the amount of the isotope present

C. in an undisturbed sequence of strata, the oldest layer is on the bottom

The aztec capital of Tenochtitlan arose on an island and facilitated: A. as newcomers to the valley of Mexico the swamplands were the only free lands left for settlement B. the long, narrow causeway bridges connecting the island to the shore made the capital easy to defend C. its position in the lake itself made it easier to transport food crops ( which were also grown in the lake) to market D. all of the above

C. its position in the lake itself made it easier to transport food crops (which were also grown in the lake) to market

The surprising hominin species found on an island living as recently as 13,000 B.P. was A. H. Erectus B. A. robustus C. Neandertals. D. H. floresiensis E. H. Habilis

D. H. floresiensis

H. erectus is generally associated with the a) Neolithic age. b) Oldowan age. c) Mousterian age. d) Lower Paleolithic age. e) Upper Paleolithic age.

D. Lower Paleolithic age

__________ defines a sign that has no necessary or natural connection to the thing it stands for or signifies A. Morpheme B. Lexicon C. Phoneme D. Symbol E. Collateral

D. Symbol

The first animals domesticated in the middle east were A. horse and cattle B. pigs and sheep C. chickens and cattle D. goats and sheep E. chickens and pigs

D. goats and sheep

Most present day foragers A. primarily fish for subsistence B. are wholly dependent on welfare supplied by state-level societies C. live largely in isolation from food-producing neighbors and the influence of the state D. live in marginal environments E. adopted foraging after abandoning more advanced subsistence strategies

D. live in marginal enviorments

________ refers to an organism's evident biological characteristics A. Phoneme B. Genotype C. Biological circumscription D. Phenotype E. Hereditary inequality

D. phenotype

Compared to their wild counterparts, domesticated animals tend to be A. faster B. more aggressive C. larger D. smaller E. very similar, both morphologically and behaviorally

D. smaller

__________ are the major components of fieldwork in archaeological anthropology A. the genealogical method and excavation B. excavation and participant observation C. systematic survey and the emic perspective D. stratigraphy and taphonomy E. systematic survey and excavation

D. stratigraphy and taphonomy

________ is the name of the wild ancestor of maize A. corn B. guajolote C. cassava D. teosinte E. elote

D. teosinte

Primatology includes the study of A. the origin of life on earth B. the culture of the first humans who existed C. The First tools used by humans D. the anatomy of and social behavior of apes, monkeys, and prosimians

D. the anatomy of and social behavior of apes, monkeys, and prosimians

________ created the first biological classification (taxonomy) of plants and animals A. Sir Charles Lyell B. Charles Darwin C. Gregor Mendell D. Alfred Russel Wallace E. Carolus Linaeus

E. Carolus Linaus

All primate species other than humans are endangered, or soon will be, primarily because of A. Uniformitarianism B. Directional Selection C. Intragroup Predation D. Mutations E. Deforestation

E. Deforestation

The study of communication through body movements, stances, gestures, and expressions is A. ethnosemantics B. biosemantics C. protolinguistics D. phonemics E. kinesics

E. Kinesics

__________ identifies the cultural period in which the first signs of domestication are present A. Upper Paleolithic B. Mesolithic C. Microlithic D. Chalcolithic E. Neolithic

E. Neolithic

Many Neandertal anatomical traits reflect adaptation to A. the interglacial environment B. the lack of full human speech C. extreme, dry heat D. vegetarianism E. a cold climate

E. a cold climate

The Olmec were a(n) A. state B. empire C. tribe D. band E. Chiefdom

E. chiefdom

A primary trend in primate evolution involves a shift from sight to smell as the most important means of obtaining information T/F

False

Although there are many different levels of culture, an individual can participate in only one level at a time T/F

False

Decreasing the brain size is a trend in hominin evolution T/F

False

Early states lacked social classes T/F

False

Ethnology is the holistic study of a single community T/F

False

Homo floresiensis was a giant hominin that lived in Europe during the interglacial periods T/F

False

In the New World, sedentism occurred before domestication T/F

False

Only people living in the industrialized, capitalist countries of western Europe and the United States are ethnocentric. T/F

False

Palynology is the study of ancient animals through their bones T/F

False

Experimental archeologists try to replicate ancient techniques under controlled conditions T/F

True

Humans use both biological and cultural means to adapt to new environments. T/F

True

Mousterian is the stone tool tradition associated with Neandertals T/F

True

Neandertals had an average brain size about the same as, or larger than, modern humans T/F

True

Sexual dimorphism is less pronounced in modern humans than in the australopithecines T/F

True

The Paleolithic tool tradition associated with H. erectus is the Acheulian T/F

True

The emic perspective focuses on how local people think T/F

True

The etic perspective is more objective, outside of cultural influence. T/F

True

The oldest known stone tools date roughly to 2.6 mya T/F

True

The term enculturation refers to the process through which children and adults learn culture T/F

True

Uniformitarianism states that the natural forces at work today are more or less the same as those that operated in the past T/F

True