Anthropology mid term

When did anthropology emerge as an academic discipline?

1800s

One of the useful results of a phylogeny is to show that

?

Who are the Narcerima?

Americans

The progression of ancestral forms leading to modern-day humans, the earliest being first, is which of the following sequences?

Australopithecines - Homo habilis - Homo erectus - Homo sapiens

The Origin of the Species was written by:

Charles Darwin

Studying another culture from its own point of view without imposing our own cultural values is known as:

Cultural Relativism

Which of the following is NOT a concept key to the human culture as discussed in the lecture?

Culture is isolated

According to the "Survival of the Fittest" video , what trait of the Rock Pocket Mouse was best adapted to survival on the lava flow?

Dark fur

All humans are born with some culture.

False

Behavioral ecology uses a comparative approach to evaluate differences among primates.

False

In science, a theory is only a guess.

False

It is easy to identify direct causal links between genes and behavior.

False

Old World monkeys are exclusively terrestrial dwellers.

False

The taxonomic ordering of Homo erectus has been completely resolved through careful fossil analysis.

False

The term hominin refers to humans and great apes.

False

By cross-breeding pea plants, he was able to illustrate the basic laws of inheritance:

Gregor Mendel

According Becoming Human (and Daniel Lieberman), the most compelling hypothesis for why bipedalism developed in early hominins is

It conserved energy

The idea of biological evolution was first proposed by

Lamarck in the late 1700s

The name most closely associated with the system traditionally used to classify living things is:

Linnaeus

Becoming Human: The _______________ is a deep furrow in a primate's brain. It divides parts of the brain related to vision from the rest of the neocortex, which is where more complex thought happens.

Lunate Sulcas

According to the lecture, which school of anthropological thought stresses the interrelationship among the natural conditions in the environment and society?

Neoevolutionism

What is the tool tradition associated with Homo habilis?

Oldowan

In archaeology, this is a division of prehistory based on gross changes in subsistence patterns, climatic changes, housing and burial styles, etc.

Period.

Which of the following is NOT a part of a human's taxonomic classification?

Plattyrhine

According to the lecture. reading your textbook is an example of:

Symbolic learning

According to "Our Babies Ourselves", in the United States, individualism is valued highly, so generally parents do not hold their babies as much as other cultures.

True

Mutation is the only source of new genetic material.

True

Neanderthals and modern humans share the same genus and species classification (Homo sapien).

True

According to "Our Babies Ourselves", the goal of child-rearing in any society is to make the child:

a culturally appropriate adult

A key principle of the holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas is

a goal of synthesizing the entire context of human experience

Fossils of Homo erectus are found:

all over the old world

Social behavior patterns observed in one species that look like behavior patterns in another, but which do not arise from a shared ancestry, are known as

analogous behaviors

Cultural anthropologists do research by

building trusting relationships with people over a long period of time

The subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practice is called

cultural anthropology

Cultural anthropologists use just three methods

false

Cultural anthropology is one of the most quantitative of the social sciences.

false

In order to study culture one must travel to distant, far-off places.

false

In science, a theory is an educated guess and is not well-accepted among the scientific community.

false

The theory of culture that proposes that cultural practices, beliefs, and institutions fulfill the psychological and physical needs of society is called

functionalism

Which of the following is not one of the key benefits of full-time bipedalism?

increases speed against predators

The defining feature of historical particularism is

individual societies develop particular cultural traits and undergo a unique process of change

Why was the discovery of penicillin in 1928 useful in our understanding of evolution?

it demonstrated that bacteria could quickly develop the ability to resist antibiotics

Among cultural anthropologists, fieldwork involves

learning the local language becoming involved in people's lives spending a significant amount of time in the field all of the above**

For much of its early history, physical anthropology was associated with what methodology?

measurement and classification of skulls according to racial characteristics

Darwin's idea about the major process of evolution is called:

natural selection

The ability to touch the thumb with the tips of the other fingers on the same hand is called:

opposability

If you discovered an ancient hominin with megadontia and a dental grinding structure similar to Paranthropus you might suggest that the diet of this hominin was

predominantly plant based

Sickle-cell anemia, a blood cell mutation, takes a toll on those afflicted, but is an example of a mutation that may also be useful because it

provides resistance to malaria in the tropics

Cultural anthropologists face an ethical responsibility in their work and so must disclose to informants

reasons for doing research

The presence of a raised area in the middle of the cranium found in H. erectus is known as a

saggital keel

The Law of Superposition says that:

sedimentary layers are deposited in a time sequence with the oldest on the bottom and the youngest on the top.

Anthropologists overcome ethnocentrism by

seeing matters from the point of view of another culture

In anthropology, holism refers to:

seeking to understand how all aspects of our species are related

Primates rely extensively on all the characteristics listed below except

sense of smell

The ability to document changes in pottery styles in non-living societies happens through

seriation

Which project would likely require the assistance of a geomorphologist?

study of landscape change

According to the lecture, in order for an explanation to be defined as scientific, it must be:

testable

An evolutionary perspective would be most likely to explain colonialism as

the natural abilities of more civilized people to control less civilized people

The primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to

the people or species they study

The main idea behind the holistic perspective is to study culture

through systematic connections of different parts