Anthropology module 2

Koko and Washo were two primates who had learned

American Sign Language

There has been a reduction of maize varieties in Mexico. What is the primary reason for it?

Mexican agricultural policies favored cheap imports from the United States

According to anthropologist Sherry Ortner's analysis, the American flag is an example of

a summarizing symbol

Food security refers to

access to sufficient nutritious food to be healthy and active

The most important goal of the Congolese sapeur is to

accumulate prestige

Animal call systems

can only communicate in response to real world stimuli

The structured beliefs and behaviors surrounding the production, distribution, and consumption of food is referred to by anthropologists as

foodways

A cultural relativist would be most likely to emphasize that pastoralists

have developed effective social institutions and knowledge that ensure long-term sustainability of the landscape

Eric Wolf encouraged anthropologists to consider what in their field studies?

history

Why do foragers turn to agriculture?

increased population density causes too much competition for resources

A structuralist approach to the study of a large banquet would emphasize the

oppositions and contrasts in foods that help people make sense of the banquet

A stoplight is a visual example of which of the following?

sign

World systems theory would be most suited to which of the following research projects?

a historical study of indigenous resistance to colonialism

Linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as

a pidgin language

Development anthropologists often think of themselves as

advocates of poor and marginalized people

Why was symbolic anthropologist Mary Douglas so interested in Jewish dietary laws?

because they were a way to communicate symbolic piety

A believer in cultural imperialism would explain that people who watch American television in remote places like a Walpiri camp in the Australian outback are

being subjected to alien cultural influences

World systems theory helped anthropologists

better explain the historical emergence of development patterns throughout the world

Financial globalization has allowed for

corporations to move factories from one country to another

A language of mixed origin that developed from a complex blending of two parent languages is called

creole

Hybridization is about

cultural mixing

Push-pull factors

describe the factors that "push" people to migrate from their homes and that "pull" them to host countries

Foodways are subject to large-scale industrial processes, trade relationships, and trends, suggesting that they are

dynamic

For pastoral groups such as the Dinka and the Nuer, the cow acts as which kind of symbol?

elaborating symbol

the study of how people classify things in the world is called

ethnoscience

One of the main reasons localization interests anthropologists is that

global integration creates opportunity for local cultures to express themselves

A key difference between anthropologists of development and development anthropologists is

he first are analysts of development; the second seek ways to influence it from within

Anthropologists study the diversity of diets, the complex interactions between nutrition and the environment, cultural beliefs surrounding food, and political and economic processes, meaning that they study food

holistically

if Jakob Grimm, who developed what has come to be known as Grimm's law, were analyzing the historical relationships among the so-called dialects of Chinese (such as Cantonese and Mandarin), what data would he be looking for in his linguistic fieldwork?

how the speakers of each dialect pronounce different words with similar meanings in the several dialects

the key scenario differs from other kinds of symbols because it

implies how people should ac

The key scenario differs from other kinds of symbols because it

implies how people should act

A process that increases yields and includes prepping soil, technology, a large labor force, water management, and plant and soil modification is

intensification

Cultural differences are often caused by

interconnections between societies

Which of the following would be least likely as an explanation given by a cultural anthropologist for the existence of food insecurity among the poor?

it's related to the ignorance of the poor to effectively feed themselves

The US government's prohibition of Native American children speaking their indigenous languages in Indian schools has contributed most profoundly to

language death

Mary Douglas compared food's structure in society with _______________ and a formal dinner with a _______________.

language, sentence

The recent rise of autonomy movements among Hawaiian separatists and Zapatistas in Mexico are examples of

localization

The biocultural logic of local foodways is related to each of the following observations except

many groups of people will willingly change their foodways when something better, such as industrial agriculture, comes along

If you studied speech patterns such as those analyzed in Robin Lakoff's study of gendered speech, you might find that "talking like a lady"

marginalizes women's voices in work contexts

Rapid increases in the scale and amount of communication

mean that people in remote places can be in contact with people all over the world

Talking about sports as a battlefield is an example of

metaphor

________________ are people who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries.

migrant

How words fit together to make meaningful units is called

morphology

If you were a linguistic anthropologist interested in language change in smaller American cities, building on William Labov's studies from the 1980s, what method would you use?

record how younger people, middle-aged people, and senior citizens pronounce ordinary American words

A nutritional anthropologist who studies the nutrition transition would probably focus on all of the following except

the labor conditions of migrant workers

Promoters of globalization highlight which of the following?

the more open a country is to foreign trade, the better the economy will be

A key feature of financial globalization is

the reduction or elimination of tariffs to promote trade

In a study on the Olympics a hybridization theorist would likely focus on

the unexpected social patterns that emerge from intermingling between athletes, fans, and officials

For anthropologists, what is important about the existence of differences between populations in the ability to digest milk?

the ways cultural beliefs and practices can support milk consumption

What is the most important thing that the core-legume-fringe dietary pattern indicates about how people eat?

there is a common general pattern of how people around the world eat

james Ferguson, who is an anthropologist of development, argues that development exists

to expand state power

An anthropologist who promotes principles of agroecology would likely view horticulture as

useful to learn new principles about sustainable farming