Anthropology questions, chapter 2

Examples of social institutions are

All of these (kinship, marriage, farming)

The theorist most connected with post-structuralism is

Renato Rosaldo

If a functionalist were to explain why the teacher lectures from the front of the classroom to students organized in neatly arranged chairs, she or he would emphasize that

this way of teaching organizes people to promote shared cultural goals

The main idea behind the holistic perspective is to study culture

through systematic connections of different parts

The most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture are referred to as

traditions

Cultural relativism is important because it helps anthropologists understand and defend all the things that people in other cultures do. true or false

true

Culture can be transmitted virtually through the Internet in addition to face-to-face interaction. true or false

true

All humans are born with some culture true or false

false

Culture is (includes what characteristics?)

learned and shared

Culture consists of the collective processes that make the artificial seem natural. true or false

true

Culture is uniquely human true or false

true

Who was responsible for the theory of functionalism?

Bronislaw Malinowski

The unilateral decision of one social group to take control of the symbols, objects, and practices of others is called ______________________.

Cultural appropriation

Collective definitions of proper and improper behavior that "build" meanings through common experiences and negotiations are cultural __________________.

Cultural construction ???

Who was responsible for the theory of social evolution?

E.B. Tylor

The experience of feeling that the way your culture does things is the right way and any different way of doing things is wrong is called _________________.

Ethnocentrism

People rarely hold conflicting values true or false

False

The American anthropologist responsible for the concept of historical particularism was named

Franz Boas

The theory that posits that cultural practices and beliefs serve purposes for society is called

Functionalism

The perspective that aims to identify and understand cultures in the entirety is called

Holism

A focus on __________ helps anthropologists understand intrinsically desirable principles held by a group of people.

Holistic perspective ???

An ______________ approach to culture, such as that promoted by Clifford Geertz, Victor Turner, and Mary Douglas, emphasizes that culture is a shared system of meanings.

Interpretive

Michael Ames developed exhibits with native Canadian communities at the Museum of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia because he believed in ______________.

Interpretive theory

The idea that cultures pass through stages from primitive to complex is known as ________________.

Social Evolutionism

A cross-cultural perspective on eating insect larvae would reveal

The artificiality of taste, the cultural constructions of insects as food, that eating insects can be adaptive

A symbol is:

a type of sign. A sign is a thing that we can perceive that has a meaning. Semiotics is the study of signs and sign systems.

The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as

a way of explaining how the world works

A social consequence of introducing coffee into the highlands of Papua New Guinea was that

a)young men gained social status b) coffee plantations took over all open land c)people had more access to commodities d)all of the above

Cultural determinism is unproductive for cultural analysis because

all of the above : it explains all human action as the product of culture alone, it can justify atrocities, it denies the influence of factors like physical environment and biology on humans

The structuralist approach to culture theorizes what?

approach to culture theorizes what? people make sense of the world through binary oppositions ie. raw/cooked

When Kay Warren presented her anthropological research, a group of Maya intellectuals, activists, and political leaders:

challenged her right to study the Maya culture as a foreign anthropologist

Anthropologists believe that analyzing human cultural phenomena by comparing those phenomena across different societies, called the _____________ approach, is necessary to appreciate how "artificial" our beliefs and actions are.

cross cultural

The process of learning culture from a very young age is called

encultration

If you wanted to understand the norms of a society, you would most likely focus on

everyday interaction

Activities that are biologically based, such as eating and sleeping, are universally the same for all humans. true or false

false

Cultural appropriation involves relationships of power. true or false

false

Most anthropologists believe in a single unified theory of culture. true or false

false

The theory of culture that proposes that cultural practices, beliefs, and institutions fulfill the psychological and physical needs of society is called

functionalism

The defining feature of historical particularism is

individual societies develop particular cultural traits and undergo a unique process of change

Because our values and beliefs include many elements of life such as clothes, food, and language means that culture is

integrated

Many anthropologists are wary about traditions because, while they may feel antiquated to some people, they are often _____________.

invented

How would a critical relativist explain Native American criticisms of cultural appropriation?

it is important to understand Native American claims from their point of view though it doesn't necessarily mean we should accept them as the only way to view the issue

"Owning" culture (means)

means controlling symbols that give meaning

Norms are stable because

people learn them when they are young

The idea that embraces dynamic cultural processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent

post-structuralism

Anthropologists overcome ethnocentrism by

seeing matters from the point of view of another culture

The controversy between Native Americans and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) schools using mascots illustrates

the power of tradition

The application of a holistic perspective to understand changes in everyday practices, such as eating breakfast cereals, reveals

the processes of cultural appropriation

Ethnocentrism is:

the tendency to view one's own culture as superior and apply one's own cultural values in judging the behavior and beliefs of people raised in other culturdes.