Anthropology Species

Dryopithecus

A genus of Dryopithecid apes found in southern france and northern Spain.

Carpolestes

A genus of the Plesiadapiformes that lived 58 mya. Probably ancestral to the Eocene euprimates.

Australopithecus africanus

A gracile australopithecine from South Africa that was contemporaneous with Au. aethiopicus, Au. garhi, and Au. boisei, and was likely ancestral to Au. robustus. 3.0 - 2.0 mya.

Australopithecus garhi

A late Australopithecine from East Africa that was contemporaneous with Au. Africanus and Au. aethiopicus and was likely ancestor to the Homo lineage. 2.5 mya.

Ardipithecus ramidus

A later pre-australopithecine species from the late Miocene to the early Pliocene; shows evidence of a perihoning complex, a primitive trait intermediate between apes and modern humans.

Orrorin tugensis

A pre-astralopithecine species found in East Africa that displayed some of the earliest evidence of bipedalism.

Aegyptopithecus

A propliopithecid genus from the Oligocene, probably ancestral to catarrhines; the largest primate found in Fayum, Egypt. Frugivore.

Australopithecus Afarensis

An early australopithecine from East Africa that had a brain size equivalent to a modern chimpanzee's and is thought to be a direct human ancestor. 3.6-3.0 mya.

Sivapithecus

Ancestral to Orangutans, a genus of Miocene sivapithecids.

Homo habilis

Earliest homo species and a possible descendant of Au. garhi and and an ancestor of H. erectus; showed the first substantial increase in brain size and was the first species definitively associated with the production and use of stone tools. 6-1 mya.

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

Earliest pre-australopithecine species found in Central Africa with possible evidence of bipedalism.

Paranthropus boisei

Early hominin largest of the Paranthropus genus. Lived in Eastern Africa during the Pleistocene Epoch from about 2.3 to 1.4 mya.

Euprimates

First true primates of the Eocene: the lemur-like adapids and the tarsier-like omomyids.

Gigantopithecus

Largest apes that ever lived. Extinct genus of ape that lived nine mya to as recently as 100,000 years ago.

Adapids

Lived 55-34 mya in the Eocene, possibly ancestral to lemurs and maybe ancestral to anthropoids.

Omomyids

Lived 55-34 mya in the Eocene, possibly ancestral to tarsiers.

homo ergaster

Lived between 1.8 and 1.3 mya. Direct ancestor of later hominids, such as H. Heidelbergensis, H. Sapiens, H. neanderthalensis, and Asian H. erectus.

Parathropus robustus

Lived between 2.0 and 1.2 mya. Adapted to serve in dry environment they lived in, had a heavy chewing complex for a diet of hard gritty foods such as nuts and tubers.

Paranthropus aethiopicus

Lived between 2.7 and 2.5 mya. Small brain size, prognathic face, suggests its a direct descendant of Au. Afarensis.

Homo Heidelbergensis

Lived from about 1 mya to 250,000 years ago. Its brain was nearly as large as that of a modern homo sapien. Ancestor of Neanderthals (Europe and West Asian), modern humans and denisovans (Asia).

Victorapithecus

Miocene Primate that lived in Africa, ancestral to Old World Monkeys.

Homo Neanderthalensis

Neanderthals- Lived between 250,000 years ago and 40,000 years ago. Larger brain and body size than humans. Cultivated tool culture and may have interbred with homo Sapiens.

Plesiadipiformes

Paleocene organisms that may have been the first primates, due to an adaptive radiation in mammals. Lived 65 million years ago.

Robust Australopithecines

Paranthropus Robustus, Paranthropus Boisei, Parantrhopus Aethiopicus

Australopithecus anamensis

The oldest species of australopithecine from East Africa and a likely ancestor to Au. afarensis 4 mya.