Anthropology studies

________ describes the overlap of cultural institutions such as kinship, religion, or leadership, which we in our culture tend to label and think of as distinct, a. embeddedness b. enculturation c. acculturation d. assimilation

a

according to the American Anthropological Associate, all known human races: a. are categories without scientific meaning b. were once categories of defined population but now are intermixed c. should only be studied by biological anthropologists d. are relevant in every culture

a

freeman attributes mead's allegedly mistaken interpretation of Samoan adolescence to her a. desire to conform the cultural determinist theory b. desire to conform the biological determinist theory c. early training as a psychologist d. personal qualms about premarital sex

a

rather than perform experiments, the cultural anthropologist attempts to enter into a social scene and observe events: a. as they naturally occur b. in a controlled environment c. from afar d. none of the above

a

simplifying a problem to just a few factors or variables that can be observed or controlled is known as: a. reductionism b. ethnocentrism c. holism d. commercialization

a

the muxes of oaxaca exemplify a. a gender role that tolerates a wider definition of gender than is found in our own society b. a gender role which defines masculinity more rigidly than our own society c. a gender role which defines masculinity and femininity almost identically d. social deviants who are discouraged in their own society e. a type of individual who has no actual biological sexual definition

a

the perspective that aims to identify and understand cultures in the entirely is called a. holistic b. structural c. symbolic d. enculturation

a

why was it so important for the !kung in the Kalahari to keep Richard Lee from becoming boastful about the ox that he brought for the Christmas feast? a. boastfulness is contrary to their egalitarian social organization b. boastfulness could lead to competition to hunt larger game c. this was not important to the !kung d. they, like many humans, find arrogance to be an unattractive characteristic

a

According to Lee, which of the following could the author have done to mitigate the negative reaction to the chosen ox? a. selected a bigger, healthier ox b. nothing c. purchased the ox from a different individual d. engaged in the proper ritual before selecting the ox

b

a holistic approach to the study of humans means that anthropologist: a. concentrate only on the social customs of the group under study b. study all varieties of people and all aspects of their existence c. limit themselves to the study of religious leaders d. only study literate societies e. focus exclusively on the relationship between people and environment

b

comparison of cultures within a single region: a. is not recommended because sampling cannot be random b. is better at pinpointing the factor contributing to those cultures' differences c. is more likely than the worldwide method to view cultural elements out of context d. yields the best generalizations about culture worldwide

b

from infancy on, a newfoundlander is always learning, this acquiring culture though a process called: a. acculturation b. enculturation c. assimilation d. collectivity

b

gender is: a. the biological differences in males and females b. the way members of the two sexes are perceived, evaluated, and expected to behave c. the differences in males and females due to the greater strength of males d. universally-recognizable male aggressiveness and female materialism e. a continuum of biological sexual characteristics

b

in what way did Derek Freeman fail to use cultural relativism in his re-study of Margaret Mead's research? a. none of these b. he failed to account for the historical context in which Margaret Mead was worked c. he was judgmental toward the Samoan women who had been Mead's informants d. he was culturally relativistic

b

numerous similarities to the Filipino Ati-atihan are also seen in: a. the running of the bulls in Pamplona, Spain b. Saint's day festival in Mexico c. Wedding celebrations in Nigeria d. Rastafarian prayer sessions in jamaica

b

the author selected the topic of Newfoundland home vegetable gardening for research because: a. it was easier to study than environmental degradation, economic development, or intolerance b. it was connected to issues of hunger, disease, and economic development c. the author had prior experience studying gardens d. the author had some ideas about how gardening might be improved

b

the comparative perspective in anthropology: a. allows for experimental methods b. refutes false claims about human nature c. resembles journalism in lacking vigorous quantitative methods d. focuses on surface similarities and differences

b

the moral and intellectual principle that one should withold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is a. diversity b. cultural relativism c. ethnocentrism d. a waste of time

b

when did anthropology emerge as an academic discipline? a. 400 BCE b. 1800s c. 1900s d. 1500s

b

a way of looking at ideas and behaviors as interrelated elements best understood when seen in a broader context is known as: a. reductionism b. ethnocentrism c. holism d. commercialization

c

anthropologists reject the idea that same-sex sexuality is a fixed and exclusive condition because a. of cross-cultural research on sexual practices b. sexuality is variable throughout a lifetime c. all of the above d. none of the above

c

before long-term ethnographic fieldwork became the norm in anthropology, scholars drew conclusions about other cultures using which method: a. participant observation b. interviewing c. armchair anthropology d. oral history

c

diversity defined anthropologically is a. the same as difference b. does not include how people are similar c. focuses on multiplicity and variety d. a term that is no longer used

c

early ethonographer Bronislaw Malinowski found holistic thinking important in his fieldwork because: a. his mathemathical skills were limited so he develop a more qualitative method b. the trobriand island culture was rapidly coming apart under British imperialism c. trobriand economic, political, and other social institutions were embedded in each other d. Holism was an efficient perspective to permit completion of short-term fieldwork projects

c

from an etic perspective, Mardi Gras and Ati-atihan may both be categorized as: a. Sacrilegious b. conversion cults c. rites of reversal d. fundamentalist

c

in what ways did Margaret Mead fail to employ cultural relativism in her research? a. she was not culturally relativistic in her publication practices b. she did use cultural relativism in her research c. she compared the transitional period of adolescence in Samoa to that of teenagers in the U.S. without accounting for other cultural factors d. she focused too much on women instead of on both genders

c

long-term participant observation of relatively small communities has demonstrated to cultural anthropologists that what we Westerners call economic behavior is: a. nonexistent in small societies b. motivated by very different wants and needs than in the West c. embedded in kinship, politics, and other behaviors d. not rational behavior in the strict sense

c

since the 1930s, anthropologists have distinguished between a. biological sex and sexuality b. biological gender and cultural gender c. biological sex and gender d. biological sex in all primates and biological sex in humans

c

the Egyptian and Mayan pyramids are described in the text as dissimilar because: a. the Egyptian pyramid involved complex organization and social control b. the pyramids are on two different continents c. a temple topped the Mayan pyramid d. The Mayan design in derived from the Egyptian

c

the data gathering technique used most often by anthropologists is: a. surveys b. questionnaires c. participant observation d. document analysis e. psychological experiments

c

the early fieldwork Brownislaw Malinowski advocated and demonstrated the value of participant observation as: a. engaging someone to observe the fieldwork b. recruiting member of the group to collect data about their group c. immersing the fieldworker in the daily life of the people d. selecting a sample of the people to observe under controlled conditions

c

the numerous drawbacks to worldwide comparison include_______ but one strength of worldwide comparison to ________. a. use of statistic: historical connections among cultural i the sample b. incomparability between fieldworkers: ease of categorizing culture traits c. data from different time periods; explictness of methods d. selecting a representative sample; similarity of fieldwork conditions

c

the way that economic ideas and practices are linked to the rest of a culture is the subject of which subdiscipline? a. political economy b. ecological economics c. economic anthropology d. cultural ecology

c

while working in timbuctu, you begin to experience sleep disorders, anxiety attacks, depression, and homesickness, so you stay in your room reading spider-man comics. you probably are suffering from: a. malaria b. disorientation c. culture shock d. ethical relativism

c

why is gender a particular important topic for exercising cultural relativism? a. because understanding all people is important b. because women and men are so different c. because specific gendered practices in one culture may not have an equivalent in a different culture d. gender is not a particularly good topic for understanding cultural relativism

c

Hijras interest anthropologists mainly because they are a. exotic b. a good way to study sex workers c. homosexual d. a reflection of a gender/sex system that sees meaning in combining male and female

d

anthropological descriptions of specific cultures are called: a. case studies b. field journal c. anthropologies d. ethnographies

d

comparison of worldwide sample of cultures: a, is still untried because not all the data have been assembled b. has been criticized for failure to be explicit about methods c. has been limited so far just to topics in kinship and family d. has been criticized for imprecise categories and ignoring history

d

ethnographic research usually involves all the following except: a. many months of fieldwork b. talking to a number of people c. observing people behavior d. working to make cultures more similar e. participating in people's daily lives

d

gender ideology in most societies is used to justify: a. male violence b. male dominance c. female dominance d. female infanticide e. wage disparities

d

longitudinal studies such as those by the author in Newfoundland: a. comapre communities from east to west across a region b. compare communities across the globe that reside in similar environments c. revel how the Newfounlanders navigate on land and sea d. reveal how communities change over decades

d

the anthropologist's genuine distinction from the other visitors standing around observing the scene has always been that they conceive what people are doing and thinking in terms of: a. the outsider's view b. the westerner's view c. the academic's view d. the insider's view

d

the reason that it is difficult to develop a general definition of "family" in order to compare all humans is because: a. all human groups have families b. other species besides humans have familiars c. we haven't yet investigated all societies d. family structure varies greatly among human groups

d

which of the following is not a comparative question? a. do other societies have ideas or practices like the one I'm observing? b. how similar or different is the Filipino Ati-atihan to the U.S. Thanksgiving day parade? c. why is the Filipino Ati-atihan similar or different to the U.S. Thanksgiving day parade? d. how has the Filipino Ati-atihan changed in the last 200 years?

d

which of the following is not a traditional subfield, or branch, of anthropology? a. biological anthropology b. cultural anthropology c. linguistic anthropology d. ethological anthropology e. archarology

d

which term refers to expressions of sex and gender that diverge from the male and female norms which dominate in most societies? a. sexuality b. intersexed c. transgender d. gender variance

d

with which one of the following statements would both freeman and supporters of margaret mead likely agree? a. anthropological researchers should use inductive reasoning rather than deductive reasoning b. anthropological researchers should not publish their fieldwork findings unless they have done a second study of the same group after an interval of several years c. anthropological researchers should not publish their fieldwork finding unless they have studied at several different location d. anthropological researchers should not let their theories influence their observations and interpretations

d

expected ways of behaving based on a society's definition of masculinity and femininity is called a. the sexual division of labor b. human sexuality c. gender d. sexual roles e. gender roles

e