Antibiotics

Aminoglycosides

A group of powerful antibiotics used to treat serious infections caused by gram-negative aerobic bacilli Bactericidal Indications: treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible bacteria. Actions; inhibits protein synthesis infections caused by susceptible bacteria common meds: amikacin, gentamicin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin

Carbapenems

New class of broad-spectrum antibiotics effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria Bactericidal Indications: treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible bacteria Actions: inhibit cell membrane synthesis in susceptible bacteria, leading to cell death Common meds: doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem, meropenem-vaborbactam

Cephalosporins

Similar to penicillin in structure and activity Bactericidal and bacteriostatic Indications: treatment of infections caused by susceptible bacteria Actions: interfere with the cell wall-building ability of bacteria when they divide

A bacterium that depends on oxygen in order to survived is called _______

aerobic

Gangrene is an example of an ________ bacteria that do not use oxygen to survive

anerobic

Tetracyclines

developed as semisynthetic antibiotics based on the structure of a common soil mold Bacteriostatic Action: inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria, preventing cell replication Indications; treatment of various infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria most common meds: tetracycline, demeclocycline, doxycycline, minocycline

Sulfonamides

drugs that inhibit folic acid synthesis Bacteriostatic Action: block para-aminobenzoic acid to prevent the synthesis of folic acid in susceptible bacteria Indications: treatment of infections caused by gram-neg and gram-pos bacteria most common meds: sulfadiazine, sulfasalazine, cotrimoxazole

Aminoglycosides are an example of antiinfectives that are classified as bacteriostatic

false

Fluroquinolones are used to treat suseptible strains of gram-pos bacteria

false it would be gram-neg and gram-pos

Penicillins & Penicillinase - Resistant Antibiotics

first antibiotic introduced for clinical use Bactericidal Indications: severe infections caused by sensitive organisms and broad spectrum use Actions: interfere with the ability of susceptible bacteria to build their cell walls Pharmacokinetics: rapidly absorbed from the GI tract, reaching peak levels in 1 hour. Excreted unchanged in the urine and enter breast milk common meds: penicillin G benzathine, penicillin G potassium, penicillin G procain, penicillin V, amoxicillin, and ampicillin

Bacteria whose cell wall lose a stain or are decolorized by alcohol are called _______

gram-negative

Fluoroquinolones

relatively new synthetic class of antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity Bactericidal Indications; treating infections caused by susceptible strains of gram-negative bacteria. Includes: urinary track, respiratory track, and skin infections Actions: interferes with DNA replication in susceptible gram-neg bacteria, preventing cell reproduction Pharmacokinetics: absorbed in GI tract, metabolized in the liver, excreted in urine and feces and cross the placenta and enter breast milk common meds: ciprofloxacin, fluoroquinolone, delafloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxi-, of-, fina-

The class of drugs that treats infections by inhibiting folic acid synthesis is called _______

sulfah drugs

When antibiotics are given in combination so that their combined effects are greater than if they were given individually, they are considered to be ________

synergistic

A Gram stain is used to identify gram-pos bacteria by retaining a stain within its cell wall

true

Cephalosporins are classified as either bactericidal or bacteriostatic depending on which specific drug and dose are used

true

When patients are allergic to penicillin, erythromycin has proved to be an effective alternative

true