AODS 90 - Chapter 4 Practice Test

inject

A chronic user of amphetamines would likely _____ their drug of choice.

mainlining

A common street term for injecting a drug intravenously is _____.

dissolved

A drug is _____ when it changes from solid to liquid after being mixed with a liquid.

passes through the skin.

A drug that is administered transdermally _____.

placed under the tongue

A drug that is taken sublingually is _____.

weight

A drug's dose is calculated according to a person's _____.

Intravenously

A person who wants to experience the effects of a drug immediately should administer it how?

half-life

Discussions related to drug elimination often refer to a unit of measurement known as _____.

dilution

Drinking large quantities of water would be an example of an attempt to alter the results of a drug test by _____.

body fluid

Due t differences in body fluid, proper drug dose is determined by an individual's weight.

kidneys, liver, and gastrointestinal tract

Enzymes in the _____ are important in the metabolization of drugs.

Directly in the feces, in liver bile, in mother's milk, through the lungs.

How are drugs excreted from the body?

up to one day

How long can alcohol be detected in the system by using a drug test?

potentiation

In _____, the combined effects of multiple drugs is greater than the sum of the parts.

effect size, range of drug doses

In a prototypic dose-effect curve, the vertical axis refers to the _____, and the horizontal axis refers to the _____.

control

In research, _____ means to be able to account for variables that may affect the results of a study.

liver

Once in the bloodstream, orally administered drugs pass through the _____ before reaching the brain.

PCP

One way that _____ is administered involves sprinkling it on marijuana and smoking it.

absorption

People get drunk faster when drinking alcohol on an empty stomach than after they have eaten. This difference in response is primarily due to which of the following?

Transdermally

People who wear a nicotine patch to help them quit smoking receive a dose of the drug through which route of administration?

therapeutic index

The _____ is a measure of a drug's safety in medical care

time

The benefits of administering a drug orally must be weighed against the drawbacks relating to _____.

dosage

The effect of a drug depends most fundamentally on _____.

rebound effects

The elimination of a drug from the body often is associated with changes that are opposite to those that were caused by the drug. These are sometimes called _____.

Solubility

The fact that oil and water are not easily mixed is an example of which concept?

delays, decreases

The presence of food in the stomach _____ absorption and _____ the maximum drug level achieved for orally administered drugs.

metabolism

The process by which the body breaks down matter into more simple components and wastes is known as _____.

kidney

They _____ is the most important organ for excretion of drugs and their metabolites.

60% of the patients who receive a given dose will experience a particular effect.

What does the pharmacological phrase ED 60 mean?

small intestine

When drugs are swallowed, they pass through the stomach and are absorbed in the _____.

feedback

When, in a series of events, what happens later in an event alters those preceding it, it is known as a _____ relationship.

Blood flow, fat solubility of the drug, and diffusibility of membranes.

Which of the following affect drug distribution?

Slow and constant

Which of the following best reflects subcutaneous injection and absorption rate?

When there is more blood flow at the site of absorption.

Which of the following conditions lead to more rapid drug absorption?

Powder

Which of the following drug states is not suitable for administration via inhalation?

Marijuana

Which of the following drugs can be detected in the system for up to one month following chronic use?

Cocaine, heroin, and tobacco.

Which of the following drugs is commonly snorted.

An increase in IV drug use.

Which of the following has NOT been demonstrated in needle exchange programs?

It causes fast absorption.

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the oral route of administration?

Buttocks, deltoid, and thigh.

Which of the following is a common site for an intramuscular injection?

Oral, rectal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular.

Which of the following is a method used to administer barbiturates?

Benzene

Which of the following is an example of an inhalant.

Subcutaneous

Which of the following is the easiest drug injection route to use?

Muscles

Which of the following systems does not receive major portions of a drug rapidly due t a high volume of blood flow?

None

Which route of administration is considered the best overall?

Drugs taken in water solution

_____ are most rapidly absorbed.

Drug potency

_____ is a term referring to the minimum dose of a drug that yields its efficacy.

Antagonism

_____ is a term that refers to the diminished effect of a drug when another drug is present.

Nitroglycerin

_____ is an example of a medication that is administered sublingually.

Bioavailability

_____ is the portion of the original drug dose that reaches its site of action or that reaches a fluid in the body that gives the drug access to its site of action.

Pharmacodynamics

_____ is the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.

Slope

_____ reflects the amount of latitude there is in a drug before a stronger effect is reached.

Zero-order kinetics

_____means that the rate at which a drug is metabolized is independent of it's concentration in the blood.