AP 2 Urinary System and Fluid Balance

Arrange the following structures in correct sequence: (1) ureter (2) renal pelvis (3) calyx (4) urinary bladder (5) urethra A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B. 3, 2, 1, 4, 5 C. 2, 4, 5, 3, 1 D. 3, 4, 1, 2, 5 E. 1, 3, 2, 4, 5

B. 3, 2, 1, 4, 5 calyx renal pelvis ureter urinary bladder urethra

Hollow, muscular container that stores urine A. Urethra B. Bladder C. Ureters

B. Bladder

The first structure in the kidney to collect newly formed urine is the A. Renal capsule B. Minor calyx C. Renal pelvis D. Renal sinus E. Renal cortex

B. Minor calyx

Na+ reabsorption is a(n) __________ process, while Cl- reabsoprtion is a(n) __________ process. A. active, active B. active, passive C. passive, passive D. passive, active

B. active, passive

The movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments is regulated primarily by A. diffusion and osmosis. B. hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure. C. pinocytosis and phagocytosis. D. active and passive transport. E. diet and weather.

B. hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure.

An increase of ADH causes the kidneys to ________ the reabsorption of water, causing them to produce _______ urine. A. increase, more B. increase, less C. decrease, more D. decrease, less

B. increase, less

Aldosterone causes an increase in Na+ and Cl _________________from the nephrons which _________ the volume of urine output. A. reabsorption; increases B. reabsorption; decreases C. secretion; increases D. secretion; decreases

B. reabsorption; decreases

Carries the urine from the kidneys. A. Urethra B. Bladder C. Ureters

C. Ureters

Where is the micturition reflex initiated ? A. spinal cord B. medulla oblongata C. urinary bladder D. urethra

C. urinary bladder

Which is not a function of the urinary system? A. Regulation of blood volume B. Excretion of wastes C. Regulation of erythrocyte production D. Regulation of lymphocyte production E. Storage of urine

D. Regulation of lymphocyte production

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by A. ADH. B. PTH. C. calcitonin. D. aldosterone. E. insulin.

D. aldosterone.

Put the portions of the urinary system in the correct order. a: Trigone of bladder b: Urethra c: Ureter d: Urinary bladder A. b, c, a, d B. c, a, d, b C. b, c, d, a D. c, d, a, b E. b, a, c, d

D. c, d, a, b Ureter Urinary bladder Trigone of bladder Urethra

An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a(n) ____ in H+ ions and a(n) ____ in blood pH. A. decrease, decrease B. decrease, increase C. increase, increase D. increase, decrease E. increase, no change

D. increase, decrease

Place the regions of the nephron in the correct order for the process of urine formation. a: Capsular space of glomerulus b: Loop of Henle c: Collecting duct d: Distal convoluted tubule e: Proximal convoluted tubule A. a, c, b, e, d B. e, d, b, a, c C. b, e, c, d, a D. b, d, c, e, a E. a, e, b, d, c

E. a, e, b, d, c Capsular space of glomerulus Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct

TRUE or FALSE: This distal convoluted tubule is the primary site for the reabsorption of solutes and water.

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: The urinary system consists of two kidneys, one ureter, one urinary bladder, and two urethrae.

TRUE

Which portion of the renal tubule reabsorbs electrolytes, plasma proteins, nutrients, vitamins, and water? A. Proximal convoluted tubule B. Distal convoluted tubule C. Ascending limb of nephron loop D. Descending limb of nephron loop E. Collecting duct

A. Proximal convoluted tubule

Transports the urine to the outside of the body. A. Urethra B. Bladder C. Ureters

A. Urethra

TRUE or FALSE: Dilation of the afferent arteriole would increase glomerular pressure.

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: An internal urinary sphincter can only be found in males.

TRUE

The ____________ fluid compartment of the body consists of all of the fluid inside the cells, while the ______________ fluid compartment consists of fluid outside the cells, such as interstitial fluid and plasma. A. intracellular, extracellular B. extracellular, intracellular C. interior, exterior D. subcellular, metacellular

A. intracellular, extracellular

Which of the following are functions of the urinary system? 1. Vitamin D synthesis 2. Excretion 3. Regulation of red blood cell synthesis 4. Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood 5. Regulation of blood volume and pressure 6. Chemical digestion A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 2, 3, 4 C. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 D. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 E. 2, 3, 4, 6

C. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Vitamin D synthesis Excretion Regulation of red blood cell synthesis Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood Regulation of blood volume and pressure

TRUE or FALSE: The kidneys lie on the posterior abdominal wall, within the peritoneum.

FALSE

TRUE or FALSE: The renal corpuscle consists of the Bowman's capsule and the pertibular capillaries.

FALSE

Hypoalbunemia would cause A. An increase in glomerular filtration pressure B. A decrease in glomerular filtration pressure C. A decrease in glomerular filtration rate D. No change in glomerular filtration pressure

A. An increase in glomerular filtration pressure

The kidneys help to regulate the pH of body fluids by controlling the A. excretion of hydrogen ions. B. conversion of acids to bases. C. filtration of buffers. D. reabsorption of carbon dioxide. E. reabsorption of glucose.

A. excretion of hydrogen ions.

TRUE or FALSE: By the time the filtrate reaches the tip of the renal pyramid, the concentration of the filtrate is higher than the concentration of the interstitial fluid.

False