AP Art History Chapter 25
Figure 25-25 CLAUDE PERRAULT, LOUIS LE VAU, and CHARLES LE BRUN, east facade of the Louvre, Paris, France, 1667-1670.
-3 architects -Classical influence: lancet windows, engaged columns, different levels
Figure 25-20 JAN VERMEER, Allegory of the Art of Painting, 1670-1675. Oil on canvas, 4' 4" x 3' 8". Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.
-Did Vermeer put himself into this bad boy?
Figure 25-3 PETER PAUL RUBENS, Arrival of Marie de' Medici at Marseilles, 1622-1625. Oil on canvas, 12' 11 1/2" x 9' 7". Louvre, Paris
-Marie de Medici commissioned paintings -allegorical pic of Queen's arrival -Rubenesque women -fleur-de-lys
Figure 25-33 CLAUDE LORRAIN, Landscape with Cattle and Peasants, 1629. Oil on canvas, 3' 6" x 4' 10 1/2". Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia (George W. Elkins Collection).
-atmospheric/linear perspective -lil bit of sfumato up in here -idealized
Figure 25-18 JACOB VAN RUISDAEL, View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen, ca. 1670. Oil on canvas, 1' 10" x 2' 1". Mauritshuis, The Hague.
-big city! marked by Church of St. Bruno -landscape, not still life -you can tell it's the Netherlands b/c windmills
Figure 25-14 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Return of the Prodigal Son, ca. 1665. Oil on canvas, approx. 8' 8" x 6' 9". Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg.
-blending creates nuance -light comes form the character itself, master of light -swirling
Figure 25-38 SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN, new Saint Paul's Cathedral, London, England, 1675-1710.
-brand spankin new -
Figure 25-6 CLARA PEETERS, Still Life with Flowers, Goblet, Dried Fruit, and Pretzels, 1611. Oil on panel, 1' 7 3/4" x 2' 1 1/4". Museo del Prado, Madrid.
-done by a female artist -still life of some breakfast -little bit of tenebrism on still life
Figure 25-2 PETER PAUL RUBENS, Elevation of the Cross, from Saint Walburga, Antwerp, 1610. Oil on wood, 15' 1 7/8" x 11' 1 1/2" (center panel), 15' 1 7/8" x 4' 11" (each wing). Antwerp Cathedral, Antwerp.
-foreshortening -shows influence from italy -Michaelangelo curving body style, twisting
Figure 25-27 JULES HARDOUIN-MANSART and CHARLES LE BRUN, Galerie des Glaces (Hall of Mirrors), palace of Louis XIV, Versailles, France, ca. 1680.
-gorgeous! tons of mirrors. lil foggy bc of old age
25-15A REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Self-Portrait, 1658. Oil on canvas, 4' 4 5/8" X 3' 4 7/8". Frick Collection, New York
-like other Van Rijn: light from within -merchant clothes
Figure 25-7 HENDRICK TER BRUGGHEN, Calling of Saint Matthew, 1621. Oil on canvas, 3' 4" x 4' 6". The Hague
-new take on old favorite - bible -Jesus and Matt
25-18B JAN VERMEER, View of Delft, ca. 1661. Oil on canvas, 3' 2 1/2" X 3' 10 1/4". Mauritshuis, The Hague.
-peaceful quaint town
25-19 JAN VERMEER, Woman Holding a Balance, ca. 1664. Oil on canvas, 1' 3 7/8" X 1' 2". National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (Widener Collection).
-reminds of Money Trader -religion vs. money
Figure 25-9 FRANS HALS, Archers of Saint Hadrian, ca. 1633. Oil on canvas, approx. 6' 9" x 11'. Frans Halsmuseum, Haarlem.
-repersenting everyone equally in a group portrait -archer guild -kinda theatrical, informal
Figure 25-26 Aerial view (looking west) of the palace and gardens, Versailles, France, begun 1669
-secondary Versailles palace b/c why not? -gorgeous interior
Figure 25-5 ANTHONY VAN DYCK, Charles I Dismounted, ca. 1635. Oil on canvas, 8' x 11" x 6' 11 1/2". Louvre, Paris.
-sfumato -rise of portraiture -shows regality of Charles I
Figure 25-20A JAN VERMEER, The Letter, 1666. Oil on canvas, 1' 5 1/4" x 1' 3 1/4". Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
-she's holding a letter! what's the news? -glimpse of home life -camera obscura, use of mirrors
Figure 25-24 HYACINTHE RIGAUD, Louis XIV, 1701. Oil on canvas, 9' 2" x 6' 3". Louvre, Paris.
-showing off his amazing lil legs -looks regal AF, different than other portraits before it
Figure 25-22 WILLEM KALF, Still Life with a Late Ming Ginger Jar, 1669. Oil on canvas, 2' 6" x 2' 1 3/4". Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis. (gift in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the Art Association of Indianapolis, in memory of Daniel W. and Elizabeth C. Marmon).
-shows what ppl were bringing back from China -orange serves as memento mori
Figure 25-36 GEORGES DE LA TOUR, Adoration of the Shepherds, 1645-1650. Oil on canvas, approx. 3' 6" x 4' 6". Louvre, Paris.
-similar to Caravaggio (studied him) -suffused light throughout (tiny bit of tenebrism, who woulda thunk)
25-1A JAN BRUEGEL THE ELDER and PETER PAUL RUBENS, Allegory of Sight, ca. 1617-1618. Oil on wood, 2' 1 5/8" X 3' 7". Museo del Prado, Madrid.
-symbolism of sight (see title) -religious and secular images
Figure 25-13 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, The Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq (Night Watch), 1642. Oil on canvas (cropped from original size), 11' 11" x 14' 4". Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
-tenebrism af! -attacked a ton of times -shows militia company -influenced by Italian Baroque -shows a lil bit of a story
Figure 25-12 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, 1632. Oil on canvas, 5' 3 3/4" x 7' 1 1/4". Mauritshuis, The Hague.
-they're cutting someone up! -group portrait of surgeon guild -often commissioned -shows everyone: friendship!
Figure 25-15 REMBRANDT VAN RIJN, Self-Portrait, ca. 1659-1660. Oil on canvas, approx. 3' 8 3/4" x 3' 1". Kenwood House, London (Iveagh Bequest).
-this guy did self-portraits -I'm getting old! -circle shows artists talent
intellectual style
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market driven art
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Rembrandt Research Project
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etching
A type of engraving in which the design is incised through a layer of wax or varnish on a copper plate; after the incising, the plate is immersed in acid, which eats away at any exposed portions of the plate
Jan Vermeer (1632-1675)
An artist fascinated with the effects of light and dark. He chose domestic, indoor settings for his portraits. He often painted women doing such familiar activities such as pouring milk from a jug or reading a letter. His work reveals how important merchants, civil leaders, and the middle class in general were in the 17th century Netherlands.
vanitas
An image especially popular in Europe during the 17th century, in which all the objects symbolize the transience (short time period) of life. Vanitas paintings are usually of still life's or genre subjects
Frans Hals (1581-1669)
Dutch painted during the Dutch Golden Age. AS a portrait painter, considered by some as second in the Netherlands only to Rembrant. Displayed extraordinary talent and quickness in his art
Treaty of Westphalia
Ended Thirty Years War in 1648; granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant or Catholic.
Charles Le Brun (1619-1690)
French painter and art theorist
Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665)
French painter. Founder and greatest practitioner of 17th century French classicism. Poussin's work embodies the virtues of clarity, logic, and order. 1594- 1665.
Nicolas Poussin BURIAL OF PHOCION 1648 Italy
He is ultimately responsible for establishing classical painting as an important ingredient of 17th century French art. The landscape does not represent a particular place and time but are idealized settings for noble themes, like this one based n Plutarch's biography of the Athenian general Phocion.
Hyacinthe Rigaud LOUIS XIV 1701 France
In this portrait set against a stately backdrop, the 5'4 " Sun King wears red high-heeled shoes and with his ermine-lined coronation robes thrown over his left shoulder. The artist was a master of Baroque and precisely rendered the historical fashion.
camera obscura
Latin, "dark room." An ancestor of the modern camera in which a tiny pinhole, acting as a lens, projects an image on a screen, the wall of a room, or the ground-glass wall of a box; used by artists in the 17th, 18th, and early 19th centuries as an aid in drawing from nature.
memento mori
Latin, "reminder of death." In painting, a reminder of human mortality, usually represented by a skull.
vanitas
Latin, "vanity." A term describing paintings (particularly 17th-century Dutch still lifes) that include references to death.
Versailles (Palace and Gardens)
Le vau, le brun, le notre This establishment was the first structure he created to show his status as a rich powerful ruler, showing his ability to create order. The gardens are a symetrical and geometrical design creating a harmony within the whole design. The vast lines within the garden also respresnt order and the order of the palace and the king. The lavish decorations are a representation of his powerful connections and representation of his wealth as a king. also showing its boroque and how it was the center of everything, and was changed as the capitol of france.
Marie de'Medici
Louis XIII's regent
"grand manner"
Originally applied to history painting, regarded as the highest in the hierarchy of genres, the Grand Manner came thereafter also to be applied to portrait painting, with sitters depicted life size and full-length, in surroundings that conveyed the nobility and elite status of the subjects. Common metaphors included the introduction of classical architecture, signifying cultivation and sophistication, and pastoral backgrounds, which implied unpretentious sincerity.
"grand manner"
Poussin's "formula" for successful artworks, involving three components: 1) choose great subjects (e.g. great stories from history or the bible); 2) avoid minute details (which can distract from the story); and 3) use good judgment (e.g. propriety, restraint, moderation)
Thirty Years' War
Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire ends with peace of westpahlia. 1618-`648
Calvinism
Protestant sect founded by John Calvin. Emphasized a strong moral code and believed in predestination (the idea that God decided whether or not a person would be saved as soon as they were born). Calvinists supported constitutional representative government and the separation of church and state.
King Louis XIV (r.1683-1715)
Ruled with an iron fist for 60 years, and always wanted war. Believed in Divine Right theory, in which God chose him to rule over the masses and that anyone who challenged him would be challenging God. Thought that an absolute monarchy was the best form of government, and that men couldn't be trusted to govern themselves.
classical paintings
Savonarola destroyed countless what?
genre scenes
Scenes from everyday life: disbelief in makings gods image, and chose to use everyday situations to symbolize God.
Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture
The Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture), Paris, was founded in 1648, modelled on Italian examples, such as the Accademia di San Luca in Rome. Paris already had the Académie de Saint-Luc, which was a city artist guild like any other Guild of Saint Luke. The purpose of this academy was to professionalize the artists working for the French court and give them a stamp of approval that artists of the St. Luke's guild did not have.
fleur-de-lis
The symbol of the French king
Great Fire of London 1666
This fire burned for four days and destroyed five-sixths of the city, yet only six deaths occurred.
Jules Hardouin-Mansart and Charles Le Brun GALERIE DES GLACES (HALL OF MIRRORS), Palace of Louis XIV ca. 1680 Versailles, France
This hall overlooks the Versailles park from the second floor of Louis XIV's palace. Hundreds of mirrors illusionistically extend the room's width and once reflected gilded and jeweled furnishings. This predicted the later Rococo style.
Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669)
Was a great Dutch artist of the 1600's. He painted portraits of middle class citizens. he used sharp contrast of light and dark to draw attention to his focus. he is the most well known artist of the 1600's.
flower paintings
What was the favorite subject matter of rachel Ruysch?
camera obscura
a darkened enclosure in which images of outside objects are projected through a small aperture or lens onto a facing surface
absolutism
a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
Prodigal Son
a wayward son who squanders his inheritance but returns home to find that his father forgives him.A parable that shows forgiveness and reconciliation
Louis XIV
absolute monarch of France. known for commissioning Palace of Versailles
allegory
an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances
etching
an intaglio printmaking technique in which a metal plate is covered with an acid-resistant ground and worked with an etching needle to create an image.
memento mori
an object serving as a warning or reminder of death, such as a skull
series painting
did same subject over and over again
still life
drawing or painting of an arrangement of inanimate objects
portraits (individual or group)
likeness of a person, especially ones showing up in paintings
Marie de'Medici
mother of Louis XII who became a regent until he was of age to rule France and ruled three years after he was of age
monochromatic
one color
still lives
picture depicting an arrangement of art the picture
landscapes
picture showing natural scenery, without narrative lead comes
breakfast piece
seventeenth-century Dutch still life that showed an interrupted meal
genre scenes
show ordinary people engaged in activities of everyday life
Protestantism
the faith, practice, and church order of the Protestant churches.
"Sun King"
title given to Louis XIV because he was an absolute monarch. "I am the State" all visual arts had to glorify the king.
Figure 25-1 PIETER CLAESZ, Vanitas Still Life, 1630s. Oil on panel, 1' 2" x 1' 11 1/2". Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg.
tons of memento mori: skull, timepiece, feather
