Ap Bio Cell Structure Test Review

An open beaker of pure water has a water potential of

0 (Zero)

Which line in the graph represents the bag with the highest initial concentration of sucrose?

A

Which of the trees in this figure groups the domains according to similarities in cell size and architecture?

A (archaea - bacteria - eukarya) (Could not find diagram online)

Which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane flluidity?

A greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

An endoplasmic reticulum

Which line or lines in the graph represent(s) bags that contain a solution that is hypertonic at 50 minutes?

B

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are the domains?

Bacteria and Archaea

Which component is a micro filament of the cytoskeleton?

C

Which line in the graph represents the bag that contained a solution isotonic to the 0.6 M solution at the beginning of the experiment?

C

What organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?

Centrosomes

In what way to membranes of a eukaryotic cell vary?

Certain proteins are unique to each membrane

A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, whereas organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively,

Chloroplasts and mitochondrion

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

Cytoskeletal structures

Which of the following statements concerning following cells of bacteria and archaea is correct?

DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria

All of the following have an effect on water potential in plants except for

DNA structures

Which component is cholesterol?

E

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

ER --> Golgi --> Vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved

Endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through

Gap junctions

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in animal cells?

Gap junctions

Initially, in terms of tonicity, the solution is side A with respect to that in side B is

Isotonic

Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion?

It is a passive process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to lower

Movement of vesicles within the cell depends on what cellular structures?

Microtubules and motor proteins

Cyanide bind with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the

Mitochondria

What type of proteins are not synthesized by the rough ER?

Mitochondrial proteins

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondrion

Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

Mitochondrion

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

Mitochondrion

Which of the following membrane activities require energy from ATP hydrolysis?

Na+ ions moving out of a mammalian cell bathed in physiological saline

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

Nearly any eukaryotic organism

Which of the following processes includes all others?

Passive transport

Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane?

Phospholipids and proteins

All of the following serve an important role determining or maintaining the structure of plant cells. Which of the following are distinct from the others in their composition?

Plant cell walls

Which type of organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Plastids

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely

Producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins

Large number of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

Proteins

Which of the following in present in prokaryotic cells?

Ribosome

Which structure is in site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cells?

Rough ER

You are working on a team that is designing a new drug. In order for this dug to work, it must enter the cytoplasm for specific target cells. Which of the following would be a factor that determines whether the molecule selectively enters the target cells?

Similarity of the drug molecule to other molecules transported by the target cells

What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

Small and hydrophobic (nonpolar)

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?

Smooth ER

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

If an individual has abnormal microtubules, due to a hereditary condition, in which organs or tissues would you expect dysfunction?

Sperm, larynx, and trachea; cells and tissue that contain flagella or cilia

Which of the following statements correctly describes the normal tonicity conditions for typical plant and animal cells?

The animal cell is in an isotonic, and the plant cell in in a hypertonic solution

When a plant cell, such as one from a peony stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what is likely to occur?

The cell will become turgid

Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help keep any membrane more fluid at lower temperatures?

The double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid tails, preventing adjacent lipids from packing tightly

Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the cells of the celery stalks are

The fresh water is hypotonic and the salt solution is hypertonic to the cells of the celery stalk

Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

The need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs

If isolated plant cells with a water potential averaging -0.5 MPa are placed into a solution with a water potential of -0.3 MPa, which of the following would be the most likely outcome?

The pressure potential of the cells would increase

Why are lipids and proteins free to move laterally in membranes?

There are only weak hydrophobic interactions in the interior of the membrane

According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids?

They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

Vacuole

The movement of water across biological membranes can best be predicted by

Water potential

Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater?

Water will leave the cells, causing the to shrivel and collapse

If you examine side A after three days, you should find

a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level

The cell membranes of Antarctic ice fish might have which of the following adaptations?

a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids

In order for a protein to be an integral membrane protein it would have to be

amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region

Some regions of the plasma membrane, called lipid rafts, have a higher concentration of cholesterol molecules. As a result, these lipid rafts

are less fluid than the surrounding membrane

The value for Ψ in root tissue was found to be -0.15MPa. If you take the root tissue and put it in a 0.1 M solution of sucrose (Ψ=-.023 MPa), the net water flow would

be from the tissue into the sucrose solution

Which of the following is one of the ways that the membranes of winter wheat are able to stay fluid even when extremely cold?

by increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane

Nitrous oxide gas molecules diffusing across a cell's plasma membrane is an example of

diffusion across the lipid bilayer

The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals

enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops

In a plant cell, DNA may be found

in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

Water passes quickly through cell membranes because

it moves through aquaporins in the membrane

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has

less surface area per unit of volume

Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

microtubule; muscle contraction

At the beginning of the experiment,

side A is hypotonic to side B

When biological membranes are frozen and then fractured, they tend to break along the middle of the bilayer. The best explanation for this is that

the hydrophobic interactions that hold the membrane together are weakest at this point

The primary functions of polysaccharides attached to the glycoproteins of animal cell membranes is

to mediate cell-to-cell recognition

water potential equation

Ψ = Ψs + Ψp