AP Bio Cell Test Practice
What cube shaped cells would be most efficient in removing waste by diffusion?
10 um > 40 um
The forces moving the H+ ions across the membrane at position A are
A difference in charge across the membrane and a concentration gradient.
The mechanism of action of many common medications involves interfering with the normal pathways that cells use to respond to hormone signals. Which of the following best describes a drug interaction that directly interferes with a signal transduction pathway?
A medication enters the target cell and inhibits an enzyme that normally synthesizes a second messenger.
Which of the following cells would most likely have the greatest concentration of densely packed rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A pancreatic cell engaged in the production of digestive enzymes.
In an experiment, a scientist isolates mitochondria from living cells and suspends them in two different buffered solutions. One solution is maintained at pH 4, while the other solution is maintained at pH 9. The scientist finds that mitochondria in the solution at pH 4 continue to produce ATP but those in the pH 9 solution do not. The results of the experiment can be used as evidence in support of which of the following scientific claims about mitochondrial activity?
ATP production in mitochondria requires a hydrogen ion gradient that favors movement of protons into the mitochondrial matrix.
Intact cells of two unknown cell types were placed into solutions with different concentrations of NaCl. Type I cells swelled and burst in the solution with the lowest concentration of NaCl. Type II cells swelled but did not burst in the solution with the lowest concentration of NaCl. Which of the following descriptions of cell type I and cell type II are most consistent with the data?
Cell Type 1 : Animal Cell surrounded by plasma membrane only, Cell Type 2: Plant cell surrounded by a plasma membrane and a cell wall
Which of the following groups of cellular components are found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?
Circular chromosomes, mitochondria, and an endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following best describes an advantage that eukaryote organisms have over prokaryote organisms?
Eukaryotes have organelles that allow for compartmentalization of cellular processes, which increases the efficiency of those processes.
Experimental evidence shows that the process of glycolysis is present and virtually identical in organisms from all three domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Which of the following hypotheses could be best supported by this evidence?
Glycolysis is a universal energy-releasing process and therefore suggests a common ancestor for all forms of life.
Which of the following best supports the claim that organisms of different domains share a common ancestor?
Glycolysis occurs in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Liver cells manufacture glycoproteins, while adipose cells store fat. Which of the following subcellular structures is likely to be more prominent in liver cells than in adipose cells?
Golgi apparatus
A cell is treated with a drug that prevents the formation of new lysosomes. The cell continues to transcribe the genes that code for the hydrolytic enzymes that are normally found in lysosomes and continues to translate the mRNAs for those proteins on membrane-bound ribosomes. The hydrolytic enzymes are most likely to accumulate in which of the following cellular structures?
Golgi complex
Which of the following is true about the structure of the prokaryotic cell represented in the figure?
It has a cell wall exterior to the plasma membrane and contains ribosomes.
Which of the following processes is most likely to occur as a result of an animal cell receiving a signal to initiate apoptosis?
Lysosomes will release digestive enzymes into the cytosol.
Which of the following best supports the statement that mitochondria are descendants of endosymbiotic bacteria-like cells?
Mitochondria and bacteria posses similar ribosomes and DNA.
The illustration shown is a model of a typical beet root cell. Based on the experimental results, which of the following best represents the effect of acetone on the permeability of cellular membranes?
Option 2
Membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution of complex, multicellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes?
Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.
Cell communication is critical for the function of both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. Which of the following is likely true of cell signaling?
Similar cell signaling pathways in diverse eukaryotes are evidence of conserved evolutionary processes.
The salinity of a small inland lake has recently started to increase. Researchers are planning to study the lake over several decades to investigate how freshwater organisms survive significant changes in their natural habitat. Which of the following physiological mechanisms will the researchers most likely observe among the surviving organisms in the lake?
Single-celled organisms will use various mechanisms to counteract the increased flow of water from cells to the environment.
The figure above represents a rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following best describes the role of the structure labeled Y ?
Structure Y is the location where proteins are synthesized.
Which of the following is the dependent variable in the experiment?
The absorbance of 460 nm of light by the treatment of solutions.
Which of the following graphs is the most appropriate representation of experimental data?
The bar graph with the SEM bars.
Individuals with an inherited autosomal recessive disorder called primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) often have severe respiratory problems due to defective cilia. Males with PCD are often sterile because they produce sperm with defective flagella. Which of the following most likely explains the effect of the recessive allele?
The cells do not produce functional motor proteins in flagella and cilia.
Paramecia are unicellular protists that have contractile vacuoles to remove excess intracellular water. In an experimental investigation, paramecia were placed in salt solutions of increasing osmolarity. The rate at which the contractile vacuole contracted to pump out excess water was determined and plotted against osmolarity of the solutions, as shown in the graph. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the data?
The contraction rate increases as the osmolarity decreases because the amount of water entering the paramecia by osmosis increases.
In most freshwater fish, nitrogenous waste is primarily excreted as ammonia, which is highly soluble in water and is toxic at low concentrations. In terrestrial mammals, ammonia is converted to urea before it is excreted. Urea is also highly soluble in water but is less toxic than ammonia at low concentrations. Which of the following best explains why freshwater fish do not convert ammonia to urea for excretion?
The dilution of ammonia by direct excretion into freshwater conserves energy.
The figure above shows an organelle typically found in eukaryotic cells. Which of the following best describes the function of the double membrane system of this organelle?
The inner membrane has specialized proteins that create a hydrogen ion concentration gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix..
The diagram above represents a typical rod-shaped bacterium. Which of the following best describes a feature shown in the diagram that is unique to archaea and bacteria?
The organism does not have a nuclear membrane surrounding its genetic material.
Predict what would happen if the outer membrane were lysed.
The pH of the cytosol would decrease because H+ would flood the cytosol.
The figure below illustrates a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following best describes how the three structures indicated by the arrows work together?
To synthesize and isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell
The FtsZ protein is present in prokaryotes and in chloroplasts. The protein is structurally and functionally similar to tubulin proteins of eukaryotic cells. Which of the following is a likely conclusion to draw from this information?
Tubulin genes are evolutionarily derived from the gene that codes for the FtsZ protein.
A sample of human blood was placed in a test tube containing a physiological saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride). This type of solution is often used intravenously to quickly rehydrate patients. A drop of the blood from the test tube was placed on a slide and red blood cells (RBCs) were observed under a microscope. Three possible outcomes are diagrammed below. Which of the following best predicts which diagrammed microscope view the laboratory worker would see and best explains why?
View 2 because the rate of water movement into the RBCs equals the rate of water movement out of the cells
A sample of human blood was placed in a test tube containing a physiological saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride). This type of solution is often used intravenously to quickly rehydrate patients. A drop of the blood from the test tube was placed on a slide and red blood cells (RBCs) were observed under a microscope. Three possible outcomes are diagrammed below. Which of the following best predicts which diagrammed microscope view the laboratory worker would see and best explains why?
View 3 because the sodium-potassium pumps in the RBC membranes use energy to keep the sodium out but allow water to freely flow into the cells
pilus (pili)
a.
centrioles
c.
plastids
b.
The last part of the metamorphosis of a tadpole to an adult frog results in the disappearance of the tail. This stage of development most likely occurs by
cells of the tail dying and the nutrients being absorbed and reused by the body
The figure above shows a series of microscope images taken over time of ovalbumin production in chick oviduct cells in response to stimulation with estrogen. The ovalbumin protein was detected using a fluorescent dye as shown by the white areas in the time-lapse sequence. The microscope images indicate that ovalbumin
crosses the endoplasmic reticulum membrane as it is translated, then moves to the Golgi apparatus, then to vesicles from which it is secreted
You are given an unknown organism to study and find that it has no nuclear membrane or mitochondria. It does contain chlorophyll and small ribosomes. This cell is probably a _____.
cyanobacterium
golgi apparatus
d.
nuceloulus
d.
ribosomes
e.
In studying a cell with the electron microscope, you note the following numerous ribosomes, well developed endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes and a cell wall containing cellulose and a large central vacuole. You find no chloroplasts. This cell is probably a _____.
plant
Which of the following is not associated with microtubules?
plasma membrane
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
ribsomes - size of ATP synthesis