AP Bio CH 4

In the mitochondria, the energy from 'food' molecules (such as glucose) that are partially broken down in the cytosol are converted to

ATP

Which statement about the plant cell is false

it completely isolates adjacent cells from one another

All cellular membranes

regulate which materials can cross the membrane

Chromatin is a series of entangled threads composed to

DNA and protein

What is the difference between 'free' ribosomes and 'attached' ribosomes?

Free ribosomes are in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum. Free ribosomes produce proteins in the cytosol, whereas attached ribosomes produce proteins that are inserted into the ER.

Which of the following organelles is found only in plant cells?

Glyoxysome

Which organelle or structure converts stored lipids to carbohydrates in plants?

Glyoxysomes

What statements about the nuclear envelope is true?

It contains pores for the passage of large molecules and it is composed of two membranes

which organelle is not enclosed by at least two membranes?

Lysosome

Which organelle or structure is generated by the Golgi; contains digestive enzymes to hydrolyze macromolecules?

Lysosomes

Which statement bout mitochondria is false?

Mitochondria are green because they contain chlorophyll

Which organelle or structure contains special enzymes to safely break down toxic by-products of oxidation?

Peroxisomes

Which organelle or structure is generated by the plasma membrane; contains macromolecules?

Phagosomes

Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?

Plastids

Ribosomes are made up of

RNA and proteins

What isn't a membrane-enclosed organelle?

Ribosome

What is/are found in prokaryotic cells?

Ribosomes

Which organelle or structure translates mRNA into polypeptides?

Ribosomes

If all the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptures, what would be the most likely result?

The macromolecules in the cytosol would break down

Which of the following statements about lysosomes is true

They are the sites where autophagy occurs

What is the major distinction between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

a prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, whereas eukarytoic cell does

Microtubules are composed of monomers of

a- and b-tubulin

Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea

are prokaryotics

Cilia

are shorter and more numerous than flagella

Many proteins within the endomembrane system are transported to the correct location by the means of

carbohydrate groups found on the packaged glycoproteins

In some prokaryotic organisms, the plasma membrane folds to form an internal membrane system that is able to

carry on photosynthesis

A specialized structure found in most prokaryotes is the

cell wall

A vesicle containing proteins from the ER fuses with the _____ regious of the Golgi complex

cis

The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane

creates a large membrane surface for reactions withtin the mitochondrion

Which of the following are not specialized cell junctions?

cytoplasmic plaques

Lysosomes are important to eukaryotic cells because they contain

digestive enzymes

An organelle with an internal cross section showing a characteristic "9+2" microtubule morphology is the

flagellum

Some bacteria are able to propel themselves through liquid y the means of a structure called the

flagellum

The electrical signal for a contraction passes rapidly form one heart muscle cell to the next by way of

gap junctions

which statement about animal cell junctions is false

gap junctions block communication between adjacent cells

Ribosomes are the structures in which

genetic information is used to make proteins

Celles that synthesize a large amount of protein, such as ______, are packed with rough endoplasmic reticulum.

glandular

An organelle consisting of a series of flattened sacks stacked somewhat like saucers is the

golgi apparatus

Which of the following are two components of chloroplasts?

grana and thylakoids

The rough ER is the portion of the ER that

has ribosomes attached to ie

The role of organelles is to

increase the efficiency of cellular activities

A group of transmembrane proteins involved in maintaining cell structure via their interactions with the cytoskeleton and extracellular and matrix are known as

integrins

A secondary lysosome is a lysosome that

is a primary lysosome that has fused with a phagosome

The cytosol

is composed largely of water

The DNA of mitochondira

is used to make proteins needed for the mitochondrial function

The cytoskeleton consists of

microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

The DNA of prokaryotic cells is found in the

nucleoid region

A large organelle found in eukaryotic cells that genetically controls the cell's activities is the

nucleus

The membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum are continuous with the membranes of the

nucleus

Which structure of an animal cell has the largest volume?

nucleus

A prokaryotic cell does not have a _____ or _______

nucleus; membrane bound organelles

In order to survive, cells must

obtain and process energy, convert genetic information into proteins,replicate

One difference between plant cells and animal cells is that

only animal cells contain centrioles

Prokaryotic cells generally are smaller than eukaryotic cells because

only eukaryotes have compartmentalization, which allows for specialization

Chlorplasts are a kind of

plastid

Which type of organelle is ofund in plants but not in animals?

plastids

The membrane surrounding each organelle

regulates movement into and out of the organelle

Proteins that are transported in vesicles are made by

ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

The plasma membrane of a cell

separates the cell from its environment, regulates what goes in and out of the cell, helps maintain a constant internal environment and communicates with adjacent cells

Cells that perform little protein synthesis but are involved with the modification of molecules that enter the body through the digestive system typically have large amounts of

smooth ER

The DNA of a chloroplast is located in the

stroma

Chloroplasts are the structures in which

sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy

Ribosomes are not found in

the Golgi apparatus

How does the surface are-to-volume ration of a 1-mm cube compare to the surface area-to-volume ratio of a 3-mm cube?

the ratio decreases as the cube becomes larger

Steriods such as cholesterol are synthesized by

the smooth ER

the difference between tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions is that

tight junctions and desmosomes have mechanical roles, whereas gap junctions facilitate communication between cells

You would NOT expect to find RNA in which structure?

vacuole