AP Bio

Prokaryotic photosynthetic pathways were the foundation of the eukaryotic pathways. All of the following support this statement except: 1. Chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane. 2. The genetic material of chloroplasts replicates independently of the host cell. 3. Photosynthetic prokaryotes contain structures similar to photosystem I and photosystem II 4. Photosynthetic eukaryotes use chlorophyll to excite electrons, while cyanobacteria use phycobilins to preform the same function.

2. The genetic material of chloroplasts replicates independently of the host cell.

C3

85% of the plant species use it A three carbon compound stomata opens in the daytime

Chemosynthetic autotrophs and photosynthetic autotrophs are similar in that they both capture free energy to produce organic compounds. The balanced chemical equation for hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis is as follows: CO2 + O2 + 4H2S à CH2O + 4S + 3H2O. What contrasts photosynthesis and chemosynthesis?

Chemosynthetic organisms capture energy from inorganic molecules, such as hydrogen sulfide, while photosynthetic organisms capture energy present in sunlight.

Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorlyation? 1. only noncyclic photophosphorylation produced ATP. 2. In addition to ATP, noncyclic photophosphorylation also produced O2 and NADPH. 3. Chemisomosis is unique to noncyclic and photophosphorylation. 4. Only cyclic photophosphorylation can operate in the absence of photosystem II.

In addition to ATP, noncyclic photophosphorylation also produces O2 and NADPH.

Photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration both rely on electron transport chains to generate ATP. Which of the following does not correctly identify similarities and differences in the ETC's of these processes? 1. Electrons delivered to the ETC are used to generate a proton gradient across the membrane 2. In photosynthesis, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADPH; in cellular respiration, electrons are delivered to the ETC by NADH and FADH2 3.In prokaryotes, active transport moves protons across the cell's plasma membrane during photosynthesis and cellular respiration 4. In the photosynthesis, the facilitated diffusion of protons across the membrane generates ATP and glucose molecules; in cellular respiration, this process generates ATP.

In the photosynthesis, the facilitated diffusion of protons across the membrane generates ATP and glucose molecules; in cellular respiration, this process generates ATP.

ATP

It is the high-energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do.

Catabolism

Process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances and release energy

glucose

Sugar, Manufactured during photosynthesis, Main source of energy for plants and animals, Metabolized during cellular respiration

What is the correct sequences of steps of noncyclic electron transport?

The ATP and NADH generated by the reactions of photosystem II and photosystem I are utilized by the Calvin Cycle to buil high energy glucose molecules.

Most CO2 from catabolism is released during?

The Krebs Cycle

Whats most likely to occur when oxygen is removed from the environment?

The production of carbon dioxide in the "control" system would decrease and level off.

anabolism

The sum total of all processes in an organism which use energy and simple chemical building blocks to produce large chemicals and structures necessary for life

When making wine, yeast is added to grape juice. As time passes, the yeast uses up all of the oxygen in the flask, but continues to thrive and produce alcohol. What is the best explanation for this process?

Yeast is a faculative anaerobe, able to switch to fermentation in the absence of oxygen.

ADP

adenosine that is converted to ATP for energy storage

chlorophyll

green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

Rubisco

is used in the calvin cycle to catalyze the first major step in carbon fixation.

ATP Synthase

large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP

C4

mesophyll cells are the light-dependent reactions and a preliminary fixation of CO2 into a molecule called malate. used in about 3% of plants the stomata opens in the daytime

NADPH

one of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules, an electron carrier that provides the high-energy electrons needed to make carbon-hydrogen bonds in the third stage of photosynthesis

chloroplast

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Hydrogen ions

pumped from matrix to inter membrane space; move through ATP synthase to make ATP

Photosystem I

simple version: creates NADPH Complex version: P700, makes NADPH, does not take place first

Photosystem II

simple version: makes ATP Complex version: One of two light-capturing units in a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane; it has two molecules of P680 chlorophyll a at its reaction center, makes ATP and uses electrons from light

CAM

stomata opens at night

Stroma

stuff around the pancakes aka the colorless fluid around the grana within the chloroplast.

cellular respiration

the process of producing ATP in the cell from oxygen and glucose; releases carbon dioxide and water

stomata

the small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

Independent Variable

thing thats changing

Control

what stays the same

Constants

what you always do. For my project it was always ten leaf disks, etc.

Dependent Variable

what your measuring