AP BIO- organelle quiz

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

ER --> Golgi -->vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Which of the following claims is scientifically accurate and consistent with an observation that a decrease in lysosome production within a cell leads to a decline in mitochondrial activity?

Fewer lysosomes will be available to break down macromolecules to provide the necessary nutrients for cellular respiration

Which of the following modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following processes is most likely to occur as a result of an animal cell receiving a signal to initiate apoptosis?

Lysosomes will release digestive enzymes into the cytosol

Cells contain smaller components called organelles that are necessary for a cell's survival. Organelle functions have often been compared to components of larger systems.Which of the following functional differences between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is explained by the structural differences between them?

Rough ER can synthesize and package proteins for export, and smooth ER cannot.

A group of mutations, known as MT-ND1 , have been identified in mitochondrial DNA . These mutations are associated with a number of debilitating diseases stemming from the production of nonfunctional proteins in the mitochondria. Which of the following cellular deficiencies would most likely be related to these MT-ND1 mutations?

The cell is unable to complete reactions related to electron transport and ATP production.

Organelles such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have membranes that compartmentalize reactions and other metabolic processes. To function properly, the organelles must move substances across their membranes. Which of the following statements describes a feature shared by mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum that increases the efficiency of their basic functions?

They have highly folded membranes

A mutation in the upland cotton plant causes the development of chloroplasts with a single outer membrane and no internal membranes. Which of the following would most likely be observed in chloroplasts of cotton plants with this mutation?

They would be unable to generate the ATP and NADPH needed to make sugars, because these processes occur on membranes within the chloroplast.

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

an endoplasmic reticulum.

When a potassium ion (K+) moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a root, it must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly describes the order in which these structures will be encountered by the ion?

cell wall --> plasma membrane --> cytoplasm --> vacuole

The last part of the metamorphosis of a tadpole to an adult frog results in the disappearance of the tail. This stage of development most likely occurs by

cells of the tail dying and the nutrients being absorbed and reused by the body

In a mesophyll cell of a leaf, the synthesis of ATP occurs in which of the following?

mitochondria/ chlorplasts

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely

producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

proteins

Which two cellular organelles in eukaryotes have both electron transport systems and chemiosmotic mechanisms?

Chloroplasts and mitochondria

A scientist is studying the various prokaryotic and eukaryotic species found floating in a sample of water taken from a marine ecosystem. Which cellular component will be found in the widest range of organisms in the sample?

The ribosome, since all organisms need to synthesize proteins

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

the lysosome

In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and

transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide.