AP Bio Unit 6

proteins contain ____ different amino acids, whereas DNA and RNA are composed of ___ different nucleotides

20,4

If guanine makes up 28% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. then thymine would make up ____ % of the nucleotides.

22

If a segment of DNA is 5-TGA AGA CCG- 3, the RNA that results from the transcription of this segment will be

3'-ACU UCU GGC-5'

In RNA ____ codon(s) translate to _____ amino acid(s)

3,3

How many different combinations of codons are possible?

64

Which of the following mutations would be most likely to have a harmful effect on an organism

A single nucleotide insertion close to the start of the coding sequence

A particular triplet code on DNA is AAA. In translation, what would the anticodon be?

AAA

In prokaryotic gene expression what foctor binds at the operator?

Active Repressor

Altering patterns of gene expression in prokaryotes would most likely serve the organisms survival in which of the following ways?

Allowing the organism to adjust to changes in environmental conditions

If a particular operon encodes enzymes for making an essential. amino ocid and is regulated like the trp operon. then the

Amino acid acts as a corepressor, and activates the repressor

(2012.3) When DNA replicates, each strand of the original. DNA molecule is used as a template for the synthesis of a second, complementary strand. Which of the following figures most accurately flustrates enzyme-mediated synthesis of new DNA at o replication fork?

D

Once transcription has been completed, which of the following is NOT necessary for protein synthesis to occur?

DNA

Which enzyme permanently seals DNA fragments that have complementary sticky ends?

DNA ligase

The correct order of molecules involved in protein synthesis is

DNA, mRNA, tRNA, polypeptide

Discovered transformation in bacteria

Griffith

The enzymes that break hydrogen bonds and unwind DNA are:

Helicase

Discovered the nuclear material in a focteriophage, not the protein coat, infects bacteria

Hershey and Chase

Which scientist and discovery was the most recent (meaning: the last to occur on this list)?

Meselson and Stal's experiment on DNA's semiconservative characteristic

Transcription results in:

Messenger RNA

Each nucleotide in DNA is constructed of

a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Which of the following contain a pyrimidine and purine?

adenine and cytosine

Which of the following is required for DNA replication to occur?

all of these (DNA helicase, DNA ligase, DNA polymerase)

The role of DNA polymerase is to:

build a 5' to 3' strand of DNA

What would occur if the repressor of an inducible operon was mutated so it could not bind with the operator?

continuous transcription of operons genes

What are the coding regions of DNA called?

exons

Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they

express different genes

The p53 protein regulates a cellular respanse to DNA damage. Based on the diagram which of the following best describes the role of p53 in the response to DNA damage?

phosphorylation p53 stimulates transcription of p21 protein suppresses cell division until the DNA damage is repaired

In eukaryotic gene expression, this is the binding site for RNA polymerase

promoter

Once transcribed, eukaryotic RNA normolly undergoes substantial alteration that results primarily from

removal of introns

The process in which semiconservative DNA is synthesized from a template strand

replication

Which is NOT used in normal replication of DNA?

restriction enzymes

In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, gene expression is primarily regulated of the level of

transcription

The process in which foreign DNA is taken up by a bacterial cell

transformation

The proces in which a polypeptide strand is synthesized using mRNA as a template

translation