AP BIO Unit 8

The number of fatalities from the Irish potato famine was greater than the rest of the European countries combined.

A researcher suggests that the Irish monoculture (growing a single crop) of the Lumper potato did not significantly change the overall resistance of the potato crop in Ireland to diseases. Which of the following observations best refutes this null hypothesis?

Urbanization causes habitat fragmentation.

A scientist interested in investigating how human population trends might affect local animal species' richness stipulates a null hypothesis that animal biodiversity in rural areas will be unaffected in the future by the human population trends shown in Figure 1. Which of the following would best refute this null hypothesis?

The percentage of plants showing phototropism is the dependent variable, and the color of the light is the independent variable.

After each week, the biologists counted the number of tomato plants in the groups that were showing evidence of phototropism. The results are summarized in Table 1. Which of the following correctly identifies the dependent and independent variables in this experiment?

Different patterns of energy availability in ecosystems will affect species richness.

After eight years, data was collected on the amount of light penetration to the soil (bottom light density) and the number of species in the two treatment groups. Figure 1 shows the averaged light penetration measurements, and Figure 2 shows the averaged number of species per plot type. Which of the following statements is consistent with the data shown in the figures?

Introduction of a new top predator species that preys solely on Burmese pythons would cause an increase in the raccoon population.

Based on the data, which of the following most accurately matches a potential change with its predicted effects on the southern Florida ecosystem?

Grow S. aureus in separate culture media containing one AIPAIP mimic each and measure the production of hemolysin toxin. The most effective AIPAIP mimic will be in the culture producing the lowest amount of hemolysin.

Identify the experimental design that would determine which AIPAIP mimic would most effectively inhibit the production of hemolysin toxin.

417

If the carrying capacity of the pond is 1,500 for this species, what is the expected population size after one year?

The alternate hypothesis is supported because the invasive Burmese pythons caused mosquitoes to switch to feeding on cotton rats. This means that mosquitoes are more likely to carry the Everglades virus when they bite humans.

Scientists hypothesize that the invasive Burmese pythons are responsible for recent increases in human Everglades virus infections. Evaluate this alternate hypothesis using the data provided.

Snakes display behaviors that allow them to absorb or radiate heat as required.

Ten different individuals of each type of animal were included in the study to produce an average body temperature profile for each type of animal. Figure 1 shows the data collected. Which of the following statements is most consistent with the data in Figure 1 ?

The null hypothesis is rejected, because the change to a darker background color led to an increase in the dark-colored fur phenotype

The researcher claims that there is no selective advantage to fur color, so light and dark fur color phenotypes are present in similar frequencies in the fourth generation of this mouse population. Based on the data in Figure 1, which of the following best evaluates this null hypothesis?

0.35

What is the maximum population growth rate (rmax)(rmax) if the population grows to 283 in one year?

The population would grow to 63,667 deer in a year, and the growth rate would decrease the following year.

What would the population size of sika deer be one year after the carrying capacity increased to 70,000 as a result of deforestation? Assume rmaxrmax does not change

The lightly grazed area is likely to recover more quickly from the drought due to greater biodiversity.

Which of the following best predicts the results of a drought in the savanna research area with regards to community resilience to this environmental change?

The independent variable is the type of alarm, and the dependent variable is the percent of squirrels responding.

Which of the following correctly identifies the dependent variable and the independent variable for the experiment?

The bacteria function as chemoautotrophs, extracting energy from hydrogen-rich inorganic molecules.

Which of the following describes how the vent bacteria harvest energy to produce organic compounds for use by the vent community?

The reduction in primary productivity has resulted in an unstable community that will eventually collapse.

Which of the following hypotheses about the effect of zebra mussels on the Hudson River community is best supported by the data in Figure 1 ?

R. richardsoni is found significantly more frequently on Species 3 and Species 4 compared to Species 1 and Species 2.

Which of the following is an accurate interpretation of the data in Figure 1 ?

Python predation has caused a trophic cascade that changed the mosquitoes' niche.

Which of the following most accurately explains an impact of Burmese pythons on the Everglades community in southern Florida using the data provided?

Previous dips in plankton abundance coincided with other El Niño events.

Which of the following observations would best support this alternative hypothesis?

White-tailed deer and raccoons only

Which of the following populations have significantly decreased in size between 1996 and 2011 ?

The enzyme's active site binds to and stabilizes the transition state, which decreases the activation energy of the reaction.

Which of the following statements best helps explain how the enzyme speeds up the reaction?

Intermittent streams only

Which of the stream types had a statistically lower macroscopic invertebrate species diversity than the seasonal streams?