AP chapter 5-7

The domestic labor of the enslaved woman in the sketch is most similar to the predominant form of slavery in which of the following regions? A Africa B The Caribbean C Russia D South America

A) Africa

The world economic system that developed after 1500 featured unequal relationships between western Europe and dependent economies in other regions. Strong governments and large armies fed European dominance of world trade. Dependent economies used slave or serf labor to produce cheap foods and minerals for Europe, and they imported more expensive European items in turn. Dependent regions had weak governments, which made European conquest and slave systems possible. Which of the following statements would challenge the arguments made in the passage? A) Strong governments in the slave-exporting regions of West Africa B) The role of Dutch trading companies in Southeast Asia C) The use of slaves and the plantation systems in the Americas D) European imports of sugar and tobacco

A) Strong governments in the slave-exporting r3egions of West Africa

"Colonel Robert Bennett, under the authority of the Governor of Jamaica, makes a treaty with the rebellious Blacks, today, June 23, 1739. Captain Quao, and several other Black officers under his command, surrendered under the following terms. 1. All hostilities on both sides shall cease forever, Amen. 2. Captain Quao and his people shall have a certain quantity of land given to them, in order to raise crops, hogs, fowls, goats, or whatsoever stock they may think proper, with sugarcanes excepted. 3. Four White men shall constantly live and reside with them in their town, in order to keep a good correspondence with the Black inhabitants of this Island. 4. Captain Quao and his people shall destroy all other rebellious Blacks in any part of Jamaica. They shall be paid to apprehend any runaway Blacks and return them to their respective owners. 5. If any White man shall disturb or annoy any of the people or property that may belong to the said Captain Quao and his people, they may complain to a magistrate and receive justice." Treaty between British colonial authorities and the Windward Maroons, Jamaica, 1739. The Windward Maroons were descendants of Africans brought to the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who had fled to the mountainous regions of the island. Article 4 of the treaty is best explained as evidence of how states in the period 1450-1750 sought to A) suppress resistance to their rule by co-opting local groups B) grant military titles as a way of encouraging the loyalty of their subjects C) provide financial incentives to minority populations to participate in local administration D) promote intermarriage between different ethnic populations in order to reduce conflict

A) Suppress resistance to their rule by co-opting local groups.

An important reason for China's rapid population increase in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was A the introduction of new crops from the Americas B the end of the bubonic plague in Asia C the widespread adoption of the European three-field system D unprecedented immigration from the Mughal and Ottoman empires

A) The introduction of new crops from the Americans.

Which of the following was a major change in global patterns of religious beliefs and practices in the period 1450-1750 C.E.? A) The emergence of syncretic religions led to an increase in polytheism. B) Adherents of monotheistic religions such as Christianity and Islam increased both in number and in geographic scope as a result of conquest, trade, and missionary activities. C) Intellectual movements such as the European Enlightenment weakened the authority of established religions and led to the growing popularity of atheism worldwide. D) Messianic, revivalist, and fundamentalist movements came to dominate the indigenous religious traditions in Africa, Asia, and the Americas in response to Western imperialism.

B) Adherents of monotheistic religions such as Christianity and Islam increased both in number and in geographic scope as a result of conquest, trade and missionary activities.

"Migration of man and his maladies is the chief cause of epidemics. And when migration takes place, those creatures who have been in isolation longest suffer most, for their genetic material has been least tempered by the variety of world diseases. Among the major subdivisions of the species Homo Sapiens, the American Indian probably had the dangerous privilege of the longest isolation from the rest of mankind." Alfred Crosby, world historian, 1967 Which of the following best describes Alfred Crosby's argument in the passage above? A) Various Amerindian groups did not have contact with each other before 1492. B) Amerindians' long isolation from the rest of the world had placed them at a biological disadvantage. C) The genetic makeup of the native population of the Americas remained unchanged until 1492. D) By 1492 Amerindians generally had migrated for shorter distances than had other groups.

B) Ameridians' long isolation from the rest of he world had placed them ata biological disadvantage.

Which of the following accurately describes the effect of the spread of Christianity among most Amerindian societies after 1500 C.E.? A Christianity completely supplanted Amerindian religious beliefs and practices shortly after the conquest. B Amerindians maintained local customs by combining indigenous beliefs with elements of Christianity. C Amerindians' resistance to Christianity resulted in widespread European conversions to indigenous religions. D Amerindian religious beliefs and practices were respected by Europeans who considered them equal to Christian beliefs and practices.

B) Amerindians' maintained local customs by combining indigenous beliefs with elements of Christianity.

Which of the following characterized economic systems in Latin America and in Southeast Asia during the sixteenth century? A Both focused on porcelain manufacturing. B Both incorporated forced labor. C Both redistributed land to peasants. D Both produced grain for the European market. E Both focused on small farm-to-market agriculture.

B) Both incorporated forced labor

The portrait of Emperor Jahangir in Image 1 was most likely a symbolic representation of which of the following? A The Mughal Empire's scientific achievements B The expanding power of the Mughal Empire C The extended travels of Emperor Jahangir to Eurasian pilgrimage sites D The Mughal Empire's control of global trade networks

B) The expanding power of the Mughal Empire

[Testimony by the creole (European-ancestry) members of a lay religious brotherhood in the town of San Juan Peribán.] "Cristobál Bernal was elected chair of our brotherhood by a margin of only two votes. Most votes in Bernal's favor came from mulatto and mestizo brothers. However, we, the creole brothers, elected Don Carvajal, a resident of the town and owner of the hacienda and sugar mill there. We urge you to command that only creoles should vote for the positions of chair and deputy chairs and that neither mulattoes nor mestizos can serve in those positions, and that a new election must be held for these positions." [Response by the mulatto and mestizo brothers] "Since the brotherhood was founded, it has had the ancient custom of voting for and electing mulattoes and mestizos as deputies. And mestizos and mulattoes make up most of the membership and help the brotherhood grow. And mestizo and mulatto brothers had donated land, which earns 25 pesos rent per year for the brotherhood. And mulatto and mestizo brothers also collect alms for the brotherhood. If this brotherhood were actually two—one for creoles only and the other for mulattoes and mestizos—then the petitioners might have a case. But there is only one brotherhood in which creoles, mestizos, and mulattoes are mixed and, being members of it, they must enjoy the rights and advantages of the said brotherhood. Without question these rights should include voting and electing their own chair and deputies." [Judge's decision] "The election is declared valid, and Bernal is confirmed as chair." The judge's decision in the case is best understood in the context of colonial authorities' policy of A encouraging the spread of indigenous Christian practices, such as the cult of the Virgin of Guadalupe B ensuring that intercommunal conflicts were brought under control before they could disrupt public order C maintaining the continued inflow of coerced labor through the asiento system D favoring Spanish-born rather than American-born individuals in official appointments and promotion

B) Ensuring the intercommunal conflicts were brought under control before they could disrupt public order.

Most agricultural laborers in the Ottoman Empire were A) slaves B) free peasants C) serfs D) sharecroppers E) indentured servants

B) Free peasants

"Seeing how vile and despicable the idol was, we went outside to ask why they cared about so crude and ungainly a thing. But they, astounded at our daring, defended the honor of their god and said that he was Pachacamac, the Maker of the World, who healed their infirmities. According to what we were able to learn, the devil appeared to their priests in that hut and spoke with them, and they entered there with petitions and offerings from the entire kingdom of Atahualpa, just as Moors and Turks go to the house in Mecca. Seeing the evil of what was there and the blindness of all those people, we gathered together their leaders and enlightened them. And in the presence of all, the hut was opened and torn down and with much solemnity a tall cross was raised over the seat which for so long the devil had claimed as his own." Miguel de Estete, Spanish mercenary soldier, account of an expedition to The Spanish actions described in the passage differed from European attempts to promote Christianity in South and East Asia in the period 1450-1750 in that A in South and East Asia, Europeans relied on established minority groups for help in spreading Christianity B in South and East Asia, Europeans were unable to subjugate politically the powerful existing states C in South and East Asia, Europeans encountered strong local resistance and mass revolts against their attempts to establish political and cultural uniformity D in South and East Asia, Europeans became too closely involved in local sectarian conflicts to be able to effectively promote Christianity

B) In south and East Asia, Europeans were unable to subjugate politicall the powerful existing states.

"In the course of the fifth year [1519] the terrible pestilence began. First there was a cough, then blood. The number of deaths at this time was truly terrible. In 1520 the pestilence spread. Truly, the number of deaths among the people was terrible and the people could not escape from the pestilence. In 1521 my father, King Hunyg, died. The elders and the priests died alike from the pestilence. Half the people threw themselves into the ravines to escape it. The oldest son of the king died at the same time as well as his young brother. Thus, our people became poor. In 1524 the Spanish arrived in our country and destroyed our people. The Spanish conquered all the towns. In 1542 Dominican friars arrived from Mexico, and they taught us the Doctrine of Christ in our language. Until that time we had been ignorant of the word and the commandments of God. In 1560 the pestilence that had formerly raged among the people returned again. It was truly terrible when this death was sent among us by the great God. Many families disappeared. All here were soon attacked, and I was also attacked with the disease." Historical chronicle of the Maya Kaqchikel people, composed and edited by different members of the Maya political elite in the Kaqchikel language, circa 1571-1604 Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his implicit argument that Maya society underwent a dramatic cultural change in the sixteenth century? A) Dominican friars knew the Maya language. B) The Maya were converted to Christianity. C) The Maya nobility lost its social status. D) Maya people before the conquest were illiterate.

B) The Maya were converted over to Christianity

"In the course of the fifth year [1519] the terrible pestilence began. First there was a cough, then blood. The number of deaths at this time was truly terrible. In 1520 the pestilence spread. Truly, the number of deaths among the people was terrible and the people could not escape from the pestilence. In 1521 my father, King Hunyg, died. The elders and the priests died alike from the pestilence. Half the people threw themselves into the ravines to escape it. The oldest son of the king died at the same time as well as his young brother. Thus, our people became poor. In 1524 the Spanish arrived in our country and destroyed our people. The Spanish conquered all the towns. In 1542 Dominican friars arrived from Mexico, and they taught us the Doctrine of Christ in our language. Until that time we had been ignorant of the word and the commandments of God. In 1560 the pestilence that had formerly raged among the people returned again. It was truly terrible when this death was sent among us by the great God. Many families disappeared. All here were soon attacked, and I was also attacked with the disease." Historical chronicle of the Maya Kaqchikel people, composed and edited by different members of the Maya political elite in the Kaqchikel language, circa 1571-1604 Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his claim that the arrival of the Spanish "destroyed our people"? A) The Spanish spread infectious disease among the Maya. B) The Spanish conquered all Maya towns. C) Maya people became poor. D) The Spanish assassinated the king's eldest son.

B) The Spanish conquered all Maya towns

Muslim maritime activities in the Indian Ocean would be most disrupted by which of the following sixteenth-century developments? A The voyages of Chinese treasure fleets led by Zheng He B The arrival of Portuguese and other Europeans C The spread of epidemic diseases D The growth of the African slave trade

B) The arrival of the Portuguese and other Europeans

Based on the chart and your knowledge of world history, which of the following most directly enabled the Dutch to establish and enforce a monopoly on the Southeast Asian clove trade in the seventeenth century? A The nutritional benefits of the Columbian Exchange B The development of powerful joint-stock commercial companies C Dutch advances in mapmaking and navigational skills D Advances in medicine that improved Europeans' ability to survive tropical diseases

B) The development of powerful joint-stock commercial companies.

Which of the following best explains a similarity between the earliest English and French voyages across the North Atlantic in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries? A They succeeded despite receiving little support from their respective state governments. B They were often launched in the hopes of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia. C They were ended after encountering violent resistance from Portuguese and Spanish naval forces. D They helped convince western European monarchies to abandon mercantilist policies in favor of free-trade policies.

B) They were often launched in the hopes of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia.

Which of the following was a major environmental effect of the European establishment of plantation agriculture in the Americas during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? A Global warming, caused by the burning of large areas of forest B Widespread deforestation and depletion of soil nutrients C Depletion of groundwater supplies caused by excessive irrigation in agricultural areas D Increases in the populations of major indigenous animal species

B) Widespread deforestation and depletion of soil nutrients.

Which of the following best describes the relationship that the Chinese and Aztec empires had with their respective peripheral states during the fifteenth century C.E.? A Both empires used military force to severely limit the sovereignty of their peripheral states to their core states. B Both empires welcomed the diffusion of cultural traditions from their peripheral territories. C Both empires established tributary relationships with their peripheral states. D Both empires actively sought to assimilate the citizens of their peripheral states into their respective core cultures.

C) Both empires established tributary relationships with their peripheral states.

Which of the following describes a major cause of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries? A The Ottoman Empire successfully pursued mercantilist economic policies. B Ottoman citizens unified by their recent conversion to Islam were strongly motivated to conquer. C Exploitation of artillery and small arms gave the Ottomans advantages over many of their political rivals. D The decentralized federalism of the Ottoman Empire encouraged competition and technological innovation.

C) Exploitation of artillery and small arms gave the ottomans advantages over many of their political rivals.

Which of the following represents a significant change in Africa between 1450 C.E. and 1750 C.E.? A) Bantu-speaking people spread iron metallurgy to East and Central Africa. B) Europeans established settler colonies in East and Central Africa. C) Most enslaved Africans were transported across the Atlantic instead of the Sahara. D) Islam was introduced and widely adopted in North Africa.

C) Most enslaved Africans were transported across the Atlantic instead of the Sahara

The object in Image 2 best illustrates which of the following cultural processes in the period circa 1450-1750? A The spread of Ethiopian cultural traditions in West Africa B The influence of the Columbian Exchange on artistic traditions C The development of religious syncretism as cultural traditions spread D The intensification of pre-existing religious conflicts and rivalries

C) The development of religious syncretism as cultural traditions spread

On a global scale, which of the following most directly led to the expansion of the trade between Europe and Asia in the time period reflected in the chart? A European merchants' role in exporting European manufactured goods to Asia B The consistently high demand for European luxury goods among Chinese customers C The shifting balance of trade as a result of the circulation of American silver D The collapse of existing Indian Ocean trading networks

C) The shifting balance of trade as a result of the circulation of American silver

Which of the following was an important continuity from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing dynasty in the seventeenth century? A The ongoing assimilation of Manchu cultural traditions by the imperial elite B Maintenance of the Silk Roads to promote cultural exchanges with the Middle East C The use of the examination system and other Confucian bureaucratic practices D Financial support for maritime expeditions similar to those led by Zheng He

C) The use of the examination system and other Confuciaan bureaucratic practices

In the three centuries after Columbus' voyages, most of the people who came to the Western Hemisphere originated in which of the following regions? A) Southern Europe B) Northern Europe C) Western Africa D) Eastern Africa E) East Asia

C) Western Africa

"Colonel Robert Bennett, under the authority of the Governor of Jamaica, makes a treaty with the rebellious Blacks, today, June 23, 1739. Captain Quao, and several other Black officers under his command, surrendered under the following terms. 1. All hostilities on both sides shall cease forever, Amen. 2. Captain Quao and his people shall have a certain quantity of land given to them, in order to raise crops, hogs, fowls, goats, or whatsoever stock they may think proper, with sugarcanes excepted. 3. Four White men shall constantly live and reside with them in their town, in order to keep a good correspondence with the Black inhabitants of this Island. 4. Captain Quao and his people shall destroy all other rebellious Blacks in any part of Jamaica. They shall be paid to apprehend any runaway Blacks and return them to their respective owners. 5. If any White man shall disturb or annoy any of the people or property that may belong to the said Captain Quao and his people, they may complain to a magistrate and receive justice." Treaty between British colonial authorities and the Windward Maroons, Jamaica, 1739. The Windward Maroons were descendants of Africans brought to the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who had fled to the mountainous regions of the island. The passage could best be used to explain which of the following developments in the Americas in the period 1500-1750 ? A) Enslaved peoples and their descendants were frequently recruited into the armies of colonial empires. B) Some of the descendants of enslaved peoples gradually came to own large sugar plantations. C) Some enslaved peoples won their freedom by taking legal action against plantation owners in colonial courts. D) Enslaved peoples and their descendants used violent means to escape oppression and maintain their freedom.

D) Enslaved peoples and their decendants used violent means to escape oppression and maintain their freedom.

In recent decades, many world historians have challenged the commonly held view that Europeans controlled the largest share of world trade in the seventeenth through the eighteenth centuries. Which of the following evidence from the period would best support this historical reinterpretation? A) Prices for Chinese goods were much higher in Europe than in China. B) European trading companies often backed their long-distance trading ventures with the threat of military force. C) Asian trading companies dominated trade in the Indian Ocean region. D) European merchants transported only a fraction of the goods shipped globally.

D) European merchants transported only a fraction of the goods shipped globally.

For the period circa 1650-1790, the differences between clove prices in Southeast Asia and those in Amsterdam best support which of the following conclusions? A Imperialism economically benefited those Asians who collaborated with the Europeans and harmed those Asians who resisted European control. B Imperialism led directly to the articulation of anticolonial ideologies based on Enlightenment principles. C Imperialism was undertaken mostly to prevent the expansion of rival European powers and resulted in the colonization of areas of no direct economic interest to Europeans. D Imperialism economically benefited European merchants and governments while leading to the economic decline or stagnation of Asian producers.

D) Imperialism economically benefited European merchants and goverments while leading to the economic decline or stagnation of Asian producers.

Which of the following regions was LEAST affected by the expansion of European trade networks in the period 1450 C.E. to 1750 C.E.? A The Atlantic basin B The Mediterranean basin C The Indian Ocean D Oceania

D) Oceania

"In the course of the fifth year [1519] the terrible pestilence began. First there was a cough, then blood. The number of deaths at this time was truly terrible. In 1520 the pestilence spread. Truly, the number of deaths among the people was terrible and the people could not escape from the pestilence. In 1521 my father, King Hunyg, died. The elders and the priests died alike from the pestilence. Half the people threw themselves into the ravines to escape it. The oldest son of the king died at the same time as well as his young brother. Thus, our people became poor. In 1524 the Spanish arrived in our country and destroyed our people. The Spanish conquered all the towns. In 1542 Dominican friars arrived from Mexico, and they taught us the Doctrine of Christ in our language. Until that time we had been ignorant of the word and the commandments of God. In 1560 the pestilence that had formerly raged among the people returned again. It was truly terrible when this death was sent among us by the great God. Many families disappeared. All here were soon attacked, and I was also attacked with the disease." Historical chronicle of the Maya Kaqchikel people, composed and edited by different members of the Maya political elite in the Kaqchikel language, circa 1571-1604 All of the following pieces of evidence in the passage directly support the author's claim that the "pestilence" was "terrible" EXCEPT: A) The Maya king died in the epidemic. B) Fear of the disease drove Maya people to commit suicide. C) The disease killed members of the Maya elite, including elders and priests. D) The disease led to the arrival of Dominican friars.

D) The disease led to the arrival of Dominican friars

In the period 1500 to 1750, the population of the Portuguese colony of Brazil grew rapidly and became predominantly African. Which of the following best explains these demographic changes? A) The adoption of indigenous food crops by African migrants B) Portuguese loss of colonial holdings in the Indian Ocean C) The rapid natural increase of Brazil's early slave population D) The increase in global demand for cash crops such as sugar

D) The increase in global demand for cash crops such as sugar

"Colonel Robert Bennett, under the authority of the Governor of Jamaica, makes a treaty with the rebellious Blacks, today, June 23, 1739. Captain Quao, and several other Black officers under his command, surrendered under the following terms. 1. All hostilities on both sides shall cease forever, Amen. 2. Captain Quao and his people shall have a certain quantity of land given to them, in order to raise crops, hogs, fowls, goats, or whatsoever stock they may think proper, with sugarcanes excepted. 3. Four White men shall constantly live and reside with them in their town, in order to keep a good correspondence with the Black inhabitants of this Island. 4. Captain Quao and his people shall destroy all other rebellious Blacks in any part of Jamaica. They shall be paid to apprehend any runaway Blacks and return them to their respective owners. 5. If any White man shall disturb or annoy any of the people or property that may belong to the said Captain Quao and his people, they may complain to a magistrate and receive justice." Treaty between British colonial authorities and the Windward Maroons, Jamaica, 1739. The Windward Maroons were descendants of Africans brought to the Americas in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who had fled to the mountainous regions of the island. The actions of the Maroons that forced British colonial authorities to conclude a treaty with them are best explained as evidence of reactions against which of the following global trends in the period 1450-1750 ? A) The persistent spread of epidemic diseases B) The continuing impoverishment of indigenous populations resulting from agricultural transfers C) The increase in armed conflict resulting from state rivalries over control of trade routes D) The increasing expansion and centralization of state power

D) The increasing expansion and centralization of state power.

During the period 1600—1800, the leaders of China, Korea, and Japan all had policies that A) promoted trade and expansion B) encouraged emigration and colonization C) opened their countries to European merchants D) regulated interactions with foreigners E) led to wars involving all of East Asia

D) regulated interactions with foreigners

All of the following have been African contributions to cultures in the Americas EXCEPT A) African forms of religious observance B) African musical forms C) knowledge of how to grow African crops D) African folklore E) African monetary systems

E) African monetary systems

Which of the following describes the effect of skin color, ethnicity, and former slave status in Latin America in the late nineteenth century? A There was little effect for most people. B People of African descent were not affected, but Latin American Indians continued to suffer discrimination. C Marriage alliances among all classes and castes eliminated the effect of all three. D Large numbers of people of color migrated to the newly "Reconstructed" southern United States. E There continued to be discrimination on the basis of all three factors.

E) Continued to be discrimination on the basis of all thee factors.