AP CSP Unit 1

our computer uses 4 bits to represent decimal numbers (0, 1, 2, 3 and so on) in binary. What is the SMALLEST number for which an overflow error occur?

16 (4 to the second power= 4×4=16)

9. How many total numbers can be represented with an 8-bit binary (base-2) system?

256 (2^8)

Byte

8 bits

Convert the binary (base-2) number 1001 to decimal (base-10).

9

Convert the decimal (base-10) number 20 to binary (base-2).

10100

Creative Commons

A collection of public copyright licenses that enable the free distribution of an otherwise copyrighted work, used when an author wants to give people the right to share, use, and build upon a work that they have created

Best describe how computing devices represent information

A computer represents data as bits which is either a 0 or a 1

Bit

A contraction of "Binary Digit"; the single unit of information in a computer, typically represented as a 0 or 1

Sampling

A process for creating a digital representation of analog data by measuring the analog data at regular intervals called samples.

Lossy Compression

A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something in which some information is lost or thrown away. This process is not reversible.

Lossless Compression

A process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something without losing any information. This process is reversible.

Binary

A way of representing information using only two options.

Decimal

A way of representing information using ten options.

Intellectual Property

A work or invention that is the result of creativity, such as a piece of writing or a design, to which one has rights and for which one may apply for a patent, copyright, trademark, etc.

8. Which of the following binary (base-2) numbers is LARGEST? A. 11000000 B. 01111111 C. 00000001 D. 10111111

A. 11000000

What is NOT true of how computers represent complex information?

Abstraction helps represent complex information by surfacing complexity that might otherwise be hidden

15. Arman takes a picture with his smartphone which he subsequently posts online. Beatrice finds the picture online and posts a copy of it on her website with an attached Creative Commons license. Which of the following best describes who owns the photo?

Arman owns the photo because he was the original creator and did not license the work

12. Which of the following is true of intellectual property?

Creative Commons enables content creators to freely distribute their otherwise copyrighted work.

Digital Data

Data that changes discretely through a finite set of possible values

Analog Data

Data with values that change continuously, or smoothly, over time. Some examples of analog data include music, colors of a painting, or position of a sprinter during a race.

Overflow Error

Error from attempting to represent a number that is too large.

Round-off Error

Error from attempting to represent a number that is too precise. The value is rounded.

10. What is true about lossy and lossless compression algorithms?

Lossy compression algorithms are typically better than lossless compression algorithms at reducing the number of bits needed to represent a piece of data.

14. Ryan is designing an app that needs to quickly send low quality photos between users. Most smartphones take much higher quality photos than Ryan needs for his app. Which answer best describes the type of compression Ryan should choose and why?

Lossy compression since it typically results in smaller data sizes.

11. Jorge is sending a large image file to a friend as part of a shared classroom project. Which of the following is most likely true if Jorge opts to compress the image before sending it?

The image will require fewer bits in order to be represented.

When visiting a museum Lian takes a photo of a painting with a smartphone which stores the photo as an image file. Which of the following best describes the differences between the painting itself and the photo of the painting stored on the smartphone?

The photo is a digital representation of the analog painting

13. Lucy is completing a project as part of a science class using materials she found online. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY to lead to legal consequences

Using images posted online by another student without permission or citation.

How do computers represent numbers?

With a fixed number of bits some numbers are too large to represent in a computer which will lead to overflow errors.