AP Environmental Science - Climate and Geography

APES!

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The intraplate location where hot-spot volcanism is occurring A B C D E

A

True statements about ozone include which of the following? (I.) It is a pollutant in the troposphere. (II.) It filters out most of the UVC radiation in the stratosphere. (III.) Most of it is formed in the stratosphere by a reaction between carbon dioxide and free oxygen atoms.

(I.) and (II.) only

Which of the following best describes a transform boundary? An area where two tectonic plates move away from each other An area where two tectonic plates slide past one another An area where two or more tectonic plates collide An area where two or more tectonic plates fuse together at a suture zone

An area where two tectonic plates slide past one another

At this site a 9.09.0 magnitude earthquake, which occurred at a nearby subduction zone, triggered one of the largest nuclear reactor disasters in history. A B C D E

B

The following questions(s) refer to the lettered areas of the map below. Area where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary A B C D E

B

The location where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary A B C D E

C

At which of the following sites is an earthquake most likely to occur as two plates slide sideways past each other? A B C D

C (transform boundaries)

Which of the following statements correctly explains the tectonic plate activity on the West Coast of the United States? The Cascade Mountains were formed when two continental plates converged. Earthquakes occur at the San Andreas Fault when stored energy is released from locked plates. The divergence of two plates has led to the formation of volcanoes in the Cascade Mountains. Movement of plates along the San Andreas Fault created the Cascade Mountains.

Earthquakes occur at the San Andreas Fault when stored energy is released from locked plates

Which of the following best describes how an anthropogenic activity can increase ocean acidification? -Emissions from power plants that burn fossil fuels increase atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is absorbed by the ocean. -A spill from an oil rig in the ocean can have acute toxic effects on fish and other aquatic organisms, which disrupt the aquatic food web. -Tourist activities in coastal areas increase the concentration of sunscreen in the water, which decreases the photosynthetic rates of aquatic producers and increases the p H of the ocean. -During and after a major volcanic eruption, large amounts of greenhouse gases, aerosols, and ash are released into the stratosphere, which affects global climate.

Emissions from power plants that burn fossil fuels increase atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is absorbed by the ocean.

Which sequence of events best explains the interaction between the components of the Arctic ecosystem feedback loop? Responses Methane increases →→ permafrost thickness increases →→ global temperature increases →→ methane decreases Global temperature increases →→ permafrost thickness decreases →→ methane increases →→ global temperature increases Permafrost thickness increases →→ methane decreases →→ global temperature increases →→ permafrost thickness decreases Global temperature increases →→ methane decreases →→ permafrost thickness increases →→ global temperature increases

Global temperature increases →→ permafrost thickness decreases →→ methane increases →→ global temperature increases

Which of the following correctly characterizes one of Earth's atmospheric layers? Responses Layer A is the stratosphere, where meteors are found. Layer B is the troposphere, where weather occurs. Layer C is the stratosphere, where the ozone layer is found. Layer D is the thermosphere, where auroras are found.

Layer D is the thermosphere, where auroras are found.

Most volcanism in the world is associated with plate boundaries midcontinental hot spots faulting aquifer depletion desertification

Plate boundaries

This layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the ozone layer that absorbs the sun's ultraviolet rays. Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere

Stratosphere

The graph below shows the altitude and temperature for different layers of Earth's atmosphere. Based on the diagram, which of the following identifies a characteristic of the atmosphere between the stratopause and the tropopause? Responses Cloud formation occurs in the stratosphere. The warmest air is found in the mesosphere. The ozone layer is in the stratosphere. The troposphere is the closest layer to the sun.

The ozone layer in the stratosphere

Which of the following best explains why the lower portion of the troposphere is warmer than the upper portion? The lower portion of the troposphere is separated by the ozone layer from the upper portion, so the lower portion absorbs more sunlight, increasing the temperature. The air in the lower portion of the troposphere is less dense than the air in the upper portion, leading to a higher temperature in the lower portion. The surface of Earth absorbs sunlight, heating the lower portion of the troposphere more than the upper part. The troposphere is the highest layer of the atmosphere, so the lower portion is warmed more than the upper part by rising air.

The surface of Earth absorbs sunlight, heating the lower portion of the troposphere more than the upper part.

Based on the data in the diagrams, in which layer of the atmosphere would short wave radio signals be reflected? Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere

Thermosphere

This layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the fewest molecules of the layers shown, and the low density of gas leads to very few molecules transferring heat to an object. In this layer, ultraviolet radiation causes the photodissociation of molecules, creating ions. Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere

Thermosphere

Region largely responsible for the weather experienced at the Earth's surface Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere

Troposphere

The phenomenon causing global warming occurs primarily in this region of the atmosphere.

Troposphere

This layer of Earth's atmosphere has the highest density of any atmospheric layer and contains most of the water vapor in the atmosphere. Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere

Troposphere

Most of the Earth's deserts are at approximately 30° latitude, north and south, because these latitudes are characterized by generally warm ocean currents predominantly low atmospheric pressure descending dry air currents slow-moving jet streams enhanced solar radiation

descending dry air currents

The location where the greatest number of people would be directly affected by a rise in ocean level A B C D E

D