ap environmental science (exam 2 //2003) PART 2

86. Regulations that deal directly with disposal of hazardous materials in the US include which of the following? 1. RCRA 2. Clean Water Act 3. Clean Air Act a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 2 only e. 1, 2, and 3

a. 1 only

63. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that is also a by product of anaerobic respiration? a. Methane b. Nitrogen c. Oxygen d. Nitrogen Dioxide e. Hydrogen Sulfide

a. Methane

92. The drop in stratospheric ozone levels in the Southern Hemisphere ( the ozone hole) is most evident during which season? a. antarctic spring (oct) b. antarctic autumn (april) c. antarctic summer (jan) d. antic winter (july) e. a. summer and a. winter

a. antarctic spring (oct)

77. Which of the following is a process that indirectly removes carbon from Earth's atmosphere? a. formation of carbonate deposits b. outgassing by volcanoes c. respiration by mammals d. respiration by anaerobic bacteria e. photodissociaton by ultraviolet light

a. formation of carbonate deposits

72. The major human health problem related to radon accumulation is a. lung cancer b. heart disease c. pancreatic cancer d. cataracts e. malignant melanoma

a. lung cancer

78. Which of the following is the best explanation of the fact that agricultural production on floodplains is often relatively high? a. on floodplains, soils tend to be nutrient rick and fertile b. on floodplains, high water tables make irrigation unnecessary c. periodic flooding leaches toxic pollutants out of floodplain soils d. periodic flooding prevents the pH of floodplain soils from becoming too high e. floodplains are usually sparsely settled and thus more acreage is available for agriculatue

a. on floodplains, soils tend to be nutrient rick and fertile

89. Of the following, which is the best example of reclamation of disturbed lands? a. restoring vegetation to an area that has been mined b. constructing a new wetland to compensate for the loss of wetlands c. growing crops on land formerly used for grazing d. reintroducing an endangered species into an area from which it has disappeared e. regulating the use of a natural resource in order for it to renew itself

a. restoring vegetation to an area that has been mined

73. Why do introduced species often become pests? a. they displace native species b. they increase biodiversity c. they do not adapt well to local habitats d. they contribute to habitat fragmentation e. they have low biotic potential

a. they displace native species

83. At the current rate of growth, Earth's human population will double in about 50 years. Which of the following is the LEAST viable strategy for ensuring adequate nutrition for a population of this size? a. increasing the number of new food crops from the great diversity of plant species b. doubling the area of arable land on a global basis c. developing systems for making the global distribution of food more equitable d. increasing the area of land that is currently dedicated to grain production by reducing the area dedicated to meat production e. assisting developing countries in using highly efficient crop irrigation systems

b. doubling the area of arable land on a global basis

51. Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the least amount of water by evaporation? a. conventional center-pivot irrigation b. drip irrigation c. laser-level irrigation d. flood irrigation e. gravity-flow irrigation

b. drip irrigation

62. Of the following sources, which supplies the most commercial energy in the world today? a. solar b. oil c. biomass d. nuclear e. hydroelectric

b. oil

96. If global temperatures keep on increasing as predicted by scientists which of the following is most likely? a. there will be fewer insect pests and disease carrying organisms b. specialists species living in fragile ecosystems will risk excticniton c. there will be an increase in the reproductive rates of mammals d. the geographical range of many plants will move toward the equator

b. specialists species living in fragile ecosystems will risk excticniton

79. The increase in the size of Earth's human population in the last century has been dramatic. Which of the following identifies two major contributors to this increase? a. new methods of agriculture and the identification of new food crops b. the industrial revolution and modern medicine c. increase emigration/immigration and decreased warfare d. new methods of birth control and decreased warfare e. increased education from women and the development of new pesticides

b. the industrial revolution and modern medicine

54. The major source of radon in houses in the United States is a. furniture and carpets b. the underlying bedrock c. the troposphere d. nuclear power plants e. fossil-fuel combustion

b. the underlying bedrock

57. Integrated waste management employs all of the following EXCEPT a. using refillable soft-drink bottles b. using disposable diapers instead of cloth diapers c. using reusable canvas bags instead of plastic or paper bags d. using tires for the construction of artificial reefs e. redesigning automobiles to replace steel parts with aluminum and plastic parts

b. using disposable diapers instead of cloth diapers

81. Which of the following natural events would be most likely to contribute to the cooling of Earth's atmosphere? a. earthquake b. volcanism c. hurricane d. tsunami e. monsoon

b. volcanism

59. Economic benefits of building large damns include which of the following? 1. storage of water for agriculture and domestic use 2. controlling floods upstream 3. production of renewable energy a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 2 and 3 only e. 1, 2, and 3

c. 1 and 3 only

64. If the population of a country grows at a rate of approximately 5 percent per year, the number of years required for the population to double is closest to a. 5 years b. 10 years c. 15 years d. 25 years e. 35 years

c. 15 years

97. Photosynthesis is the major source of which of the following gases in Earth's atmosphere? a. CO2 b. H2O c. O2 d. H2 e. N2

c. O2

52. Which of the following components of a wastewater treatment plant is designed to facilitate the decomposition of organic material by aerobic microorganisms? a. bar screen b. grit-settling tank c. activated-sludge tank d. chlorination tank e. unltraviolet-light array

c. activated sludge tank

70. Which of the following identifies the two factors thought to be the most harmful to biodiversity? a. acid deposition and increased use of fertilizers for agriculture b. depletion of the ozone layer and oil drilling c. destruction of habitat and invasion by nonnative species d. changes in climate and proliferation of endemic species e. global warming and decline in fisheries

c. destruction of habitat and invasion by nonnative species

67. Which of the following is the primary environmental problem associated with the use of nuclear power to generate electricity? a. radon leaking into buildings b. production of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide c. disposal of radioactive waste d. depletion of the ozone layer e. production of acid rain

c. disposal of radioactive waste

76. Stratospheric ozone depletion is most likely to result in which of the following? a. increased growth of food crops due to increasing amounts of ultraviolet radiation b. extended grazing season for cattle c. disruption of photosynthesis in plants d. increased movement of the human population toward equatorial regions e. a higher percentage of cloudless days

c. disruption of photosynthesis in plants

55. The data in the graph can be useful in explaining the greenhouse effect when they are compared with a. volcanic activity b. sunspot activity c. mean global temperatures d. annual nitrous oxide production e. cycles of flooding and drought

c. mean global temperatures

53. Ozone win the stratosphere in most important to life at Earth's surface because it absorbs a. gamma rays b. microwaves c. ultraviolet light d. visible light e. X-rays

c. ultraviolet light

90. If the annual consumption of petroleum in the US is about 23 barrels per capita, the total annual consumption of petroleum in the US is closest to a. 12 million barrels b. 240 million barrels c. 2 billion barrels d. 6 billion barrels e. 10 billion barrrels

d. 6 billion barrels

93. Uranium-235 has a half life of 710 million years if it is determined that a certain amount of stored U 235 will be considered safe only when its radioactivity has dropped to .10 percent of the original level, approximately how much time must the u 235 be stored securely to be safe? a. 7.1x10 to the 6th b. 7.1x 10 to the 7th c. 7.1x10 to the 8th d. 7.1x 10 to the 9th e. 7.1x10 to the 10th

d. 7.1x 10 to the 9th

99. Traveling southward from the arctic regions of canada to the tropics of panama one pass through several biomes this pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of a. primary and secondary succession b. the invasion of exotic species c. an icreasein mean annual temperature and a decrease in mental annual precipitation d. an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation e. an increase in the total annual hours of sunlight

d. an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation

91. One solution for reducing the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide would be to a. increase oceanic temperatures to enhance CO uptake b. increase the rate of removal of tropical rain forests c. decrease the total area of rice paddies d. decrease the use of fossil fuels e. decrease the production of chlorofluorocarbons

d. decrease the use of fossil fuels

69. The chart above compares the daily water use per person to the price of water in selected countries. Which of the following conclusions can be correctly drawn using only the data in the chart? a. water use and water price are directly proportional b. increased water use causes prices to decline c. increased prices cause water use to decline d. increased water use is generally correlated with lower water prices e. water is more plentiful in the U.S. and Canada than in the other countries

d. increased water use is generally correlated with lower water prices

65. The major cause for the decline in the worldwide catch of fish since 1990 is a. acid deposition b.. escalating price of fuel c. competition from aquaculture d. overfishing e. decline in market price

d. overfishing

95. Which of following is the usual cause of cultural eutrophication in surface waters both developed and developing countries? a. lack of proper filtration devices for power plants b. introduction of cyanobacteria in to the streams and rivers c. runoff of metal ions bodies of water d. runoff of nitrate compounds into bodies of water e. runofffof herbicides into bodies of water

d. runoff of nitrate compounds into bodies of water

100. Which statement best describes the approximate global distribution of coal supplies? a. brazil and south africa together contain 33% of proven reserves b. the US contains 40% c. australia japan and france together contain 45% of proven reserves d. the US, the former soviet union and china together contain 50R% of proven reserves e. germany brazil and india together conaitn 75% of proven reserves

d. the US, the former soviet union and china together contain 50R% of proven reserves

74. Acid rain is associated with which of the following? a. formation of the antarctic ozone hole b. release of PCBs into the atmosphere c. damdage to tropical of fossil fuels d. the burning of fossil fuels e. the increasing pH of lake waters

d. the burning of fossil fuels

85. Which of the following best describes the significance of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, which was held in 1972 in Stockholm? a. developing countries and developed countries were largely in agreement about the most important environmental problems b. for the first time since the end of the second world war, nations set aside their political differences to achieve a common objective c. environmental activists who had organized Earth Day in 1970 ran the conference d. the conference provided the first global forum for dialogue on environmental problems e. the delegates assembled at the conference voted in favor of controlling

d. the conference provided the first global forum for dialogue on environmental problems

80. Many of scientists maintain that a rise in sea level has occurred in the last hundred years as a result of global warming. If this is true which of the following factors best explains such a rise? a. increased precipitation b. increased cloud cover c. increased evapotranspiration d. thermal expansion of the ocean e. melting of permafrost

d. thermal expansion of the ocean

75. Characteristics that tend to increase the risk of a species becoming endangered include the following? 1. having a very limited distribution 2. being a specialist at the end of a long food chain 3. having a small population size a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 2 and 3 only e. 1, 2, and 3

e. 1, 2, and 3

61. United States residents are how many more times more likely to die from breast cancer than residents of Hungary a. 150 b. 21 c. 14 d. 7 e. 1.5

e. 1.5

84. The combustion of one gallon of automobile fuel produces about 5 pounds of carbon (in CO2). Two autos are making a trip of 600 miles. The first auto gets 20 miles per gallon, and the second gets 30 miles per gallon. Approximately how much less carbon (in CO2) will be produced by the second auto on this trip? a. 300 lbs b. 150 lbs c. 100 lbs d. 75 lbs e. 50 lbs

e. 50 lbs

94. Which of the following would be the strongest evidence in support of a scientist contestation that a local area was experiencing acid deposition? a. a sudden die off of all fish in the local stream b. a gradual increase in the temp of a local lake c. an increase in the rate of photosynthesis of aquatic plants in a local lake d. a long term increase in the pH of a local pond e. an increase in the concentrations of soluble heavy metals in a local pond

e. an increase in the concentrations of soluble heavy metals in a local pond

88. Which of the following best illustrates the concept of the tragedy of the commons? a. destruction of landscape by surface mining on private land b. selective harvesting of trees by a timber company in a national forest c. legislation of catch limits to avoid depletion of fish stocks in shared lake d. inadvertent destruction of beneficial species while attempting to control pests e. depletion of an aquifer by regional farmers

e. depletion of an aquifer by regional farmers

71. For a certain insecticide, the LD-50 dosage level for rats is determined to be 250 milligrams per kilogram of body mass. On the basis of this information, which of the following is the best prediction regarding the consequences of receiving this dosage of the insecticide? a. fifty percent of any rat population would be sickened b. fifty percent of the population of any warm-blooded animal would die c. fifty percent of any population of mosquitoes would die d. five hundred out o every one thousand people would experience acute effects e. five hundred out of every one thousand rats would die

e. five hundred out of every one thousand rats would die

87. Which of the following is a true statement about replacement-level fertility? a. it equals the average number of children a woman will give birth to during her child-bearing years b. it equals the annual number of live births per 1,000 people in a population c. it equals the natural increase of a population in one year d. it is found by subtracting the number of emigrants from the number of immigrants in one year e. it is greater in countries with high infant mortality rates than in countries with low infant-mortality rates

e. it is greater in countries with high infant mortality rates than in countries with low infant-mortality rates

56. The annual fluctuation in carbon dioxide concentration can best be explained by the a. seasonal use of fossil fuels b. regularity of volcanic activity c. deforestation in the tropics d. el nino events e. seasonal photosynthetic activity of green plants

e. seasonal photosynthetic activity of green plants

66. Which of the following will occur if the trend of global temperature increase continues? a. night temperatures will decrease as day temperatures increase b. tropical areas will become cooler than they currently are c. sea levels will drop due to increased evaporation d. the incidence of insect-borne diseases will decrease e. the troposphere will contain more water vapor

e. the troposphere will contain more water vapor

60. Which of the following is best supported by the data? a. increased incidence of breast cancer is related to average age of a country's population b. the number of breast cancer deaths is proportional to the size of a country's population c. increased incidence of breast cancer is related to annual length of exposure to solar radiation d. persons who reside in color climates are more susceptible to breast cancer than those who live in tropic regions e. there is a positive correlation between breast cancer and dietary fat intake

e. there is a positive correlation between breast cancer and dietary fat intake

68. Compared to a coal-fired power plant that produces the same amount of energy, a nuclear power plant generates more a. CO2 b. SO2 c. fly ash d. particulate e. thermal pollution

e. thermal pollution