AP Euro CH 13-15 (Copied MC)

D

"..." Celtis' discussion of Italian influence in the German lands is most similar to which of the following... A. Machiavelli's criticism of Italian political systems in "The Prince" B. Galileo's science-based inquiries that threatened the authority of Catholic worldviews C. Erasmus' arguments in favor of religious toleration and criticizing traditional superstitions D. Martin Luther's criticisms of the Catholic Church in his Ninety-Five Theses

A

"..." The event that most likely led to the process seen above was the... A. The Spanish established colonies in the Americas B. The Portuguese established a commercial network along the African cost C. Protestant Reformation D. Development of absolutism in France

C

"..." The invention [printing press] greatly contributed to the growth of... A. The visual arts of the Renaissance B. The Scholastic Movement C. The growth of vernacular literature D. The Catholic Reformation

A

"..." The invention of the printing press that led to the above pictured aided in... A. Spreading the Renaissance beyond Italy B. Halting the rise of the Reformation C. Beginning the artistic period known as mannerism D. Exploring overseas colonies

A

"..." The painting is an example of... A. The human centered naturalism that developed during the Renaissance B. The Baroque art that developed during the time of absolutism C. The plain art of the Protestant Reformation D. The art of the High Middle Ages

A

"..." The passage above most adequately reflects which of the following... A. The persistence of tradition and hierarchy in Europe B. The growth of a new economic elite C. A continued debate over the role of the church D. The debate over absolutism vs. constitutionalism

B

"..." The passage above most clearly shows the influence of which of the following trends in fifteenth-century Europe... A. The development of natural philosophy based on inductive and deductive reasoning B. The revival of classical learning and the development of Northern humanism C. The continued reliance on traditional supernatural explanations of the world D. The development of Baroque dramatic forms to enhance the stature of elites

A

"..." The passage above represents a conflict over... A. The purpose of the Protestant Reformation B. The purpose of the Renaissance C. The purpose of the Scientific Revolution D. The purpose of European Exploration

B

"..." The passage above represents the shift in European thinking from relying totally on the teachings of Scholasticism to what type of thinking... A. Deductive reasoning B. Renaissance Humanism C. Inductive reasoning D. Catholic reformation E. Marxism

C

"..." This artist, along with others of the time were able to work and paint due to the... A. Guild regulations in place at the time B. Destruction of Constantinople and the need for new art C. Patronage of princes D. Fact that they were all from wealthy families

B

"..." Which Protestant leader might well have disagreed with Luther on this issue... A. Henry VIII B. John Calvin C. Henry IV D. Elizabeth I

C

"..." Which of the following developments most likely explains the reason for the conflict that led to the production of the above document... A. The refusal of accepting protestant teachings B. The belief that the Catholic Church was above all secular institutions C. New interpretations of Christian doctrine and practice D. The use of Jesuit teachings

A

"..." Which of the following developments most likely explains the reason for the production of documents such as the one above... A. The need to disseminate new ideas B. The belief that the Catholic Church was above all secular institutions C. The desire to create a unified religious system throughout Europe D. The use of Scholasticism as the primary means of delivering instruction at the university level

B

"..." Which of the following developments occurred that facilitated the subjugation and destruction of these indigenous peoples... A. The Columbian Exchange B. Advances in military technology C. Conflict between Spanish monarchies and the Catholic Church D. Efforts by Spanish monarchies to limit exploration and trade

E

"Religion supplies the pretext and gold the motive." This statement was a contemporary characterization of... A. The launching of the Spanish Armada B. The execution of Charles I C. The posting of the Ninety-five Theses D. New religious orders such as the Ursulines and Jesuits E. Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World

A

"The lived in peace in this land before you came..." The European impact within the New World... A. provided for significant economic advantages for Europeans and a brutal physical impact on natives and African slaves B. allowed for many Europeans to experience a new life, devoid of traditional aristocratic control C. resulted in increased conversions to the newly blossoming religions witting Northern Europe D. reduced the conflict between the Native American tribes E. economically impacted countries such as Italy and Spain for the better, resulting in a res in the standard of living

E

All of the following contributed to the rise of European exploration EXCEPT... A. new triangular sails on ships known as caravels B. the economic wealth to be gained from foreign lands C. the Catholic Church's desire to increase its power outside Europe D. the mystical allure of foreign lands and the hope of establishing new trade routes E. the desire to establish new markets in which to sell finished goods

C

All of the following were exploring countries during the sixteenth century EXCEPT... A. England B. France C. Italy D. the Netherlands E. Spain

B

As a result of the Line of Demarcation and the Treaty of Tordesillas, the New World was divided between... A. France and England B. Spain and Portugal C. Italy and the Netherlands D. Portugal and Ottoman Empire E. France and Russia

B

Castiglione's "The Courtier" was a... A. primer on military training for nobles B. Very popular handbook laying out the new skills in politics, the arts, and personal comportment expected of Renaissance aristocrats C. Sharp denunciation of the wasteful nobel life D. Treatise against active participation in public life E. Work on how to a chief political power and then keep it

E

Contact between Europeans and natives of the New World involved all of the following EXCEPT... A. Europeans brought diseases such as smallpox that eventually decimated the native populations B. the explorers pillaged and plundered gold and other treasures from the natives C. European explorers and settlers enslaved the natives D. the natives faced conversion to Catholicism E. Europeans brought with them new animals, such as horses, to help the natives

C

During the early decades of the fifteenth century, European technological supremacy was arguably surpassed by... A. the African empire of Mali B. the Mongols of Central Asia C. Ming China D. feudal Japan E. indigenous societies of North America

A

Economic developments in the Renaissance included... A. A revival in trade B. Increased employment due to the change from wool to luxury manufacturing C. A boom rivaling that of the High Middle Ages D. New trade routes made possible by the Ottoman Turks E. The Industrial Revolution

A

Ferdinand and Isabella supported the expulsion or conversion of Muslims and Jews in Spain because... A. Ferdinand and Isabella were hostile to religious faiths other than Christianity B. Ferdinand and Isabella feared that if they did nothing many Christians would leave Spain C. Spanish Muslims and Jews were believed to hinder the economic development of Spain D. Spanish Muslims and Jews outnumbered Christians in most large cities in the kingdom

C

In France, the "politiques" were... A. heads of various religious and political factions during the civil wars B. administrators in provincial towns, appointed by the king C. those who placed politics ahead of religion in an attempt to end the wars of religion D. advisors to Catherine de' Medici E. always the chief ministers to the kings

B

Italian artists in the fifteenth century began to... A. Ignore nature and paint for expression B. Experiment in areas of perspective C. Copy the works of previous artists D. Move away from the study of anatomical structure E. Focused entirely upon the natural landscape in reaction to the spiritual ideals of the Middle Ages

C

Jesuit missionaries spread Catholicism to... A. India, Africa, and Latin America B. Europe, the Middle East, and China C. Japan, China, and the New World D. Australia, Central America, and Europe E. Germany, Norway, and England

C

Machiavelli's ideas as expressed in "The Prince" achieve a model for... A. A republican state in Italy B. A new attitude of moral responsibility among politicians C. A modern secular concept of power politics D. A deeply religious conception of the religious sanctity of the state E. The justification of divine right monarchy

C

Major Protestant and Roman Catholic leaders of the 16th century condemned the Anabaptists because they... A. Rejected the Bible as the source of Religious truth B. Favored government enforcement of morality C. Advocated a complete separation of church and state D. Restored the privileges of the clergy

C

Martin Luther believed that the most important role for a Christian woman was to... A. Minister to the sick and poor B. Preach the work of God in church on Sunday C. Become a wife and mother D. Lead a life devoted primarily to prayer and contemplation

D

Martin Luther initially criticized the Roman Catholic church on the grounds that it... A. Supported priests as religious teachers B. Sponsored translations of the Bible into vernacular languages C. Reduced the number of sacraments D. Used indulgences as a fund-raising device E. Formed close associations with secular rulers

B

Martin Luther's early life was characterized by... A. failure to follow the daily routines of monastic life B. an obsession with his own sins and questions over the efficacy of the sacraments C. his love for the study of law D. his rejection of the Bible as a "contradictory" work E. his refusal to leave his beloved Germany

D

The Anabaptists... A. opposed the practice of baptism B. were not regarded as a political threat as they preached separation between church and state C. were founded by Conrad Grebel, beginning as an elitist movement D. advocated adult baptism, and if they had been baptized as children, a second baptism E. peacefully merged with the Calvinists and Lutherans

B

The Columbian Exchange involved exchanges such as... A. smallpox from North America and syphilis from Europe B. native plants from North America for wheat and goats from Europe C. pigs and cattle from North America for cotton and corn from Europe D. slaves from Africa to the New World, and peanuts and squash from Europe E. horses and wheat from North America for tobaccos and sweet potatoes from Europe

C

The Columbian Exchange... A. was a trade agreement that exclusively benefitted the Europeans B. resulted in a general positive exchange providing both continents with new products C. significantly linked Europe to the New World by creating interdependent trade networks D. included the New World, Europe, and Africa, but only impacted Europe for a short term E. allowed for trading partners to emerge between European countries

C

The Council of Trent... A. compromised with the Protestants on the doctrine of Justification by Faith B. agreed with most Protestants that there were only two sacraments C. reaffirmed traditional Catholic beliefs against the Reformation D. asserted the importance of doctrine over ritual E. placed church councils above the authority of the popes

B

The Edict of Nantes was all of the following EXCEPT it... A. was an acknowledgment that Catholicism was the official religion in France B. expelled the Huguenots from France C. recognized the rights of the Protestant minority D. was a political decision E. was an attempt to reduce religious violence in France

D

The Peasants' War of 1524-1525... A. was led by a radical ex-follower of Luther, Philip Melanchthon B. furthered the spread of Lutheranism throughout all of Europe C. as praised by Luther as it destroyed the great Catholic princes of Germany D. was strongly opposed by Luther who saw it as a social revolution from below against God's divine order E. had no connection with any of Luther's ideas and beliefs

A

The Reformation of England under Henry VIII... A. was triggered by Henry's desire to annul his marriage B. witnessed the complete transformation of Catholic doctrine C. nearly ended with Thomas Cromwell's mishandling of the treasury D. led to Parliament's formal leadership over the Church of England E. was revoked by his son and successor, Edward V

C

The Roman Catholic Council of Trent (1545-1563) had as its primary result... A. A compromise with Protestants to reunite Christians B. A political compromise with the Protestant princes of central Europe C. Reform within the Catholic church and reaffirmation of Catholic doctrine D. The firm reestablishment of conciliar power over the papacy

D

The Third Estate of the fifteenth century was... A. Predominantly urban B. Essentially free from he manorial system, especially in Eastern Europe C. Relatively free from violence and disease in urban areas D. Overwhelmingly made up of peasants E. Made up of clergy and nobles

E

The ability of relatively small European forces to conquer the powerful Aztec and Incan empires can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT... A. Lack of immunity to European diseases among Aztec and Incan peoples B. Superior European military technology C. Ineffective defenses of Aztec and Incan cities D. Indigenous people's lack of familiarity with horses E. Successful European missionary activity

A

The achievements of the Italian Renaissance were the products of... A. An elite movement, involving small numbers of wealthy patrons, artists, and intellectuals B. A mass movement in which all sections of society participated and contributed C. A narrow religious movement directed almost entirely by clerics D. A political movement in essence controlled mainly by kings E. Foreign inspiration and influence, particularly in Islamic Spain

C

The event that eventually led to Luther's break with the church was... A. the Council of Pisa's declaration that maintained the necessity of Purgatory for salvation B. the increase of Papal taxes on the German peasantry C. widespread sale of indulgences by preaching monks D. the declaration that the German clergy must pay taxes E. the papacy's threat to remove the German emperor

E

The northern Christian humanists... A. felt pessimistic about the future of humanity B. were sophisticated and realistic in the expectations C. totally rejected the primacy of the Catholic Church D. doubted that education could solve the world's problems E. championed the study of classical and early Christian texts to reform the Catholic Church

B

The political strength of the Medici family in Florence was initially based on... A. A close alliance with the papacy B. The influence and wealth of their bank C. The support of the lower classes D. The support of a powerful citizen militia E. Their tenure in various municipal offices

D

The price revolution that affected western Europe during the latter half of the sixteenth century is associated with... A. the manufacture of more affordable goods for the common people B. political revolutions in Spain and Portugal C. a sharp decline in droughts and famines D. the influx of bullion from across the Atlantic E. the rise in economic prominence of France

B

The primary purpose of the Peace of Augsburg (1555) was to... A. End the wars between the Hapsburgs and the Valois B. End the civil war between Lutherans and Roman Catholics in the German states C. Create better trade relations among German princes D. Facilitate diplomatic relations between the Holy Roman Empire and the Ottoman Turks

B

The reintroduction of slavery in the fourteenth century occurred largely as a result of... A. Continued warfare and the capture of foreign prisoners B. The shortage of labor created by the Black Death C. Papal decrees encouraging a paternal relationship with pagans D. Movements for Italian naval domination of the Mediterranean and the attendant need of manpower E. The importation of slaves form Africa

C

Under Ferdinand and Isabella, Spain... A. Became increasingly corrupt and inefficient B. Saw society become more secular C. Saw Muslim power vanish from the peninsula D. Had little remaining dissension and was thoroughly unified E. Lost its independence to the Valois dynasty of France

A

Under the "encomienda" system... A. natives were basically forced into slavery by the Spanish B. natives were granted freedom from servitude C. Africans were traded in return for supplies D. the Catholic Church was given more power over the affairs of the New World E. new governments were established to end tribal control and replace it with Spanish rulers

B

Which of the following are among the chief characteristics of John Calvin's reform movement... A. Calvin's acceptance of "justification by faith alone" B. predestination and the absolute sovereignty of God C. the belief that humans must obey secular authorities D. a belief in congregational church covenant E. a tolerance for all forms of Christianity but none for other religions including Judaism

D

Which of the following best describes the experience of Africans in the New World during the sixteenth century... A. they were used of rate sole purpose of developing cotton plantations in North America B. they were used primarily as domestic servants in wealthy European homes C. they were used as foot soldiers during colonial disputes D. they were the primary source of labor for the sugar plantations in Latin America E. they were brought to the New World and then shipped to Europe in the triangular trade

B

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of mercantilism... A. an individual is allowed to establish economic control over a geographic area in return for sharing any profit with the state B. a nation allows a joint-stock company to extract resources from its colonies in order to increase the wealth of both the company and the nation C. a nation's government does not intervene in the economic affairs of a colony D. a joint-stock company allows its nation's government to extract natural resources from a colony for the purpose of geopolitical dominance E. a nation supplies its colony with natural resources in order to enhance the wealth of the colony

C

Which of the following combinations correctly matches a European colonial power with its foreign holdings... A. Great Britain--North America, India, Japan B. Spain--Central America, Africa, China C. Portugal--South America, East Africa, and Southeast Asia D. Holy Roman Empire--South Africa, Australia, Malaysia E. France--North America, China, South America

D

Which of the following describes a major difference between northern humanists and Italian humanists... A. Italians focused on intellect and achievements; Northern humanists focused on nature and emotion B. Italian humanists viewed human nature as corrupt and weak, whereas northern humanists viewed human nature as generally good C. Both concentrated on spiritual concerns, but northern humanists also focused on secular matters D. Both looked to classical sources, but northern humanists also emphasized Christian sources

E

Which of the following is true of the German Peasants' Revolt of 1524-1525... A. The revolt led to the emancipation of the German serfs B. The revolt was organized by Martin Luther to break papal power in the German states C. The peasants were supported by French armies during the revolt D. The revolt was the first in Europe in which economic egalitarianism was a major rallying point E. The revolt resulted from a combination of new religious ideas and peasant demands

C

Which of the following statements BEST describes marriage in Renaissance Italy... A. Young men asked women for their hand in marriage, after a lengthy courtship B. Husbands were generally the same age as their spouses C. Marriages were usually arranged, to strengthen familial alliances D. Men and women waited longer to get married than in the Middle Ages E. Men and women married earlier than in the Middle Ages because of increased economic opportunities

D

Which of the following was NOT a new technological achievement that helped encourage expansion... A. new maps that depicted the known world's continents B. better and stronger sails that allowed ships to travel farther and faster across the ocean C. a more effective rudder that allowed ships to cut into currents more easily D. new knowledge of wind patterns that helped sailors take better advantage of wind currents E. a new compass that aligned maps with the stars to help triangulate distance and speed

D

Which of the following was generally supported by the mercantilists... A. Formation of new guilds B. Destruction of factories C. Creation of a universal monetary standard D. Development of colonies E. Decentralization of government