Ap euro Ch17

European music of the eighteenth century was exemplified by ________.

Amadeus Mozart, who shifted the musical focus from Italy to Austria.

A less brutal approach to justice and punishment in the 18th century is associated with

Beccaria

Identify the correct relationship between the social scientist and his work.

Francois Quesnay-tried to discover the natural economic laws governing society

In his writings concerning the case of Jean Calas, Voltaire condemned:

French religious and legal intolerance.

Which 18th century composer was considered most innovative and wrote the opera, The Marriage of Figaro?

Mozart

Which artistic style of the eighteenth century attempted to capture to the simplicity and dignity of ancient Greece and Rome?

Neoclassicism

The form of religion called Deism was based on a

Newtonian view of the world as a machine created by God

Bernard de Fontenelle, the man who popularized the new scientific learning, was for fifty years the secretary of the

Royal Academy of Science

The Carnival of the Mediterranean world was

a period of intense sexual activity and gross excesses.

The salons:

allowed the hostesses to influence political events and ideas.

Mozart took his place in the pantheon of composers because of his:

apparently effortless blend of grace, emotion, and precision.

Rococo architecture was

best expressed in the buildings of Balthasar Neumann

Rococo architecture of the eighteenth century was ________.

best expressed in the work of Balthasar Neumann.

Through such works as his Plurality of Worlds, Bernard de Fontenelle:

brought the findings of science to a lay audience.

Most eighteenth-century Christians believed that the solution to the "Jewish problem" was ________.

conversion to the Christian faith.

John Wesley

created his evangelical Methodist movement using revivalist techniques.

Because of its growing influence, the Society of Jesus was in 1773

dissolved by order of the pope

During the eighteenth century, lower-class criminals condemned to death were often:

drawn and quartered.

Rousseau's Emile argued that ________.

education should encourage not restrict human nature.

Most 18th century European educational institutions were

elitist and geared to the needs of the upper class

The French philosophes ________.

fashioned a grand, rational system of thought.

Literacy rates in late 18th century France were

generally higher than in the century before

John Wesley incurred the animosity of Anglican Church officials because:

his services were often filled with excessive emotional enthusiasm.

Cesare Beccaria argued that treatment of criminals should ________.

impress the mind without tormenting the body.

Local parish churches of the eighteenth century ________.

kept public records for the state and supervised education.

A noticeable trend in 18th century medicine was the

lessening of the older distinction between surgeon and physician

In his Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu was above all concerned with ________.

maintaining a balance between the three branches of government.

Rousseau argued in his novel Emile that education:

must combine heart and mind, sentiment and reason.

18th century writers, especially in England, used this new form of literary expression to attack the hypocrisies of the era and provide sentimental entertainment to growing numbers of readers:

novels

European music of the 18th century was exemplified by the

operas of Amadeus Mozart, who shifted the locus of music from Italy to Austria

The historical literature of the 18th century

paid careful attention to the economic and social causes of the historical events

The writers of travel literature in the eighteenth century portrayed:

people living in nature in foreign places as happier than Europeans.

Montesquieu's most important contribution to political science was his:

praise for what he considered England's system of checks and balances.

Johann Sebastian Bach

produced religious music as a way to worship God

Cesare Beccaria challenged contemporary thought and practices concerning the

proper punishment of criminals

Of great importance to the Enlightenment were the salons, which

provided a forum for discussing the ideas of the philosophes.

According to Adam Smith, the "invisible hand" would

reconcile selfish individual interests with general economic benefit

The Enlightenment of the eighteenth century was characterized by the philosophes' ________.

rejection of traditional Christian dogma.

The rule of the 18th century salon was that

relations between men and women would be purely platonic

Voltaire was perhaps best know for his criticism of

religious and social intolerance

Voltaire was perhaps best known for his criticism of ________.

religious and social intolerance.

Pierre Bayle's work can best be characterized as:

skeptical of traditional religious attitudes.

During the 18th century, the British were pioneers in

the novel as a vehicle for fiction

The Jesuit order was dissolved in 1773 because

the pressure by Catholic kings.

Diderot's opinions on sexuality incuded

the renunciation of chastity for the unmarried

In his Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued that:

the state should not interfere in economic matters.

The Jesuits were finally dissolved by papal decree because:

their high-profile successes created many jealous enemies.

Edward Gibbon concluded that the decline and fall of Rome:

was in part caused by Rome's adoption of the Christian faith.

In his Social Contract, Rousseau expressed the belief that ________.

we achieve freedom by following what is best for all.

The Jews of 18th century Europe

were most free in participating in banking and commercial activities in tolerant cities.

In Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that:

women should enjoy equal social, economic and political rights with men.`