AP Euro- Chapter 19 French Revolution and Napoleon AP Exam Review Quiz

the Mountain

Led by Robespierre, the French National Convention's radical faction, which seized legislative power in 1793

National Assembly

The first French revolutionary legislature, made up primarily of representatives of the third estate and a few from the nobility and clergy, in session from 1789 to 1791

Napoleonic Code

French civil code promulgated in 1804 that reasserted the 1789 principles of the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property, as well as the restriction of rights accorded to women by previous revolutionary laws

How did the Concordat resolve the crisis over Catholicism in France in the Napoleonic era?

The Catholic Church gained the right to practice religion freely, while the French state gained greater control over the nomination of church officers and church activities

What two fundamental principles of the French Revolution were incorporated into the Napoleonic Code?

The equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property

Great Fear

The fear of noble reprisals against peasant uprisings that seized the French countryside and led to further revolt

The attack on the Bastille had what political effect?

The king's plans to reassert his authority were forestalled, permitting the National Assembly to continue its work

sans-culottes

The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the aristocracy and middle class; the word came to refer to the militant radicals of the city

Reign of Terror

The period from 1793 to 1794 during which Robespierre's Committee of Public Safety tried and executed thousands suspected of treason and a new revolutionary culture was imposed

estates

The three legal categories, or orders, of France's inhabitants: the clergy, the nobility, and everyone else

The string of French military victories after the winter of 1793-94 owed largely to

patriotism and the superior numbers supplied by the draft

What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?

To use dictatorial powers to respond to threats to France from without and within

second revolution

From 1792 to 1795, the second phase of the French Revolution, during which the fall of the French monarchy introduced a rapid radicalization of politics

How did Napoleon consolidate his rule?

He appealed both to disillusioned revolutionaries and members of the old nobility and offered them high posts in the expanding centralized state

How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe toward the French Revolution change over the revolution's first two years?

Initially pleased by the revolution's weakening of France, they came to feel threatened by its increasingly radical message

By July 1794, how had the central government in Paris managed to reassert control over the provinces and gain momentum against the First Coalition?

It harnessed the explosive forces of a planned economy, revolutionary terror, and modern nationalism into a total war effort

Who forced the king and the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris?

Several thousand Parisian women

How did French armies during the French Revolution offer a mixed message to the people they conquered?

They presented themselves as liberators to the peasants and middle class but seemed more like foreign invaders as they requisitioned food and supplies and plundered local treasure

How did the delegates to the Legislative Assembly that convened in October 1791 differ from the delegates to the Estates General/National Assembly?

They were younger and less cautious; many joined political clubs

In the eighteenth century, many liberal thinkers believed that representative institutions could defend the liberty and interests of the people. What did this mean in terms of political practice?

Voting for representatives would be restricted to men of property

In the wake of the Great Fear in the summer of 1789, the National Assembly restored order by

abolishing all of the old noble and church privileges

What occurred during the Hundred Days in France?

Napoleon returned from exile to rule France briefly

The Abbé Sieyès considered the third estate

the true strength of the French nation

Who predicted in Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) that reform like that occurring in France would lead only to chaos and tyranny?

Edmund Burke

continental system

A blockade imposed by Napoleon to halt all trade between continental Europe and Britain, thereby weakening the British economy and military

Estates General

A legislative body in prerevolutionary France made up of representatives of each of the three classes, or estates; it was called into session in 1789 for the first time since 1614

Girondists

A moderate group that fought for control of the French National Convention in 1793

Jacobin Club

A political club in Revolutionary France whose members were well-educated radical republicans

Thermidorean reaction

A reaction to the violence of the Reign of Terror in 1794, resulting in the execution of Robespierre and the loosening of economic controls

Why did the Directory continue French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments?

The Directory understood that big, victorious armies kept men employed

The National Assembly that ruled France from 1789 to 1791 passed laws that

declared all men and women to be equal

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen guaranteed

equality before the law

The legal definition of the composition of the prerevolutionary third estate included

everyone who was not a noble or member of the clergy

Grand Empire

The empire over which Napoleon and his allies ruled, encompassing virtually all of Europe except Great Britain and Russia

What was Napoleon's Grand Empire?

An enlarged France, a number of satellite kingdoms, and the independent but allied states of Austria, Prussia, and Russia

Why was France unable to manage its debt in the eighteenth century, even though that debt was much smaller, relative to its population, than the debt of either Great Britain or Holland?

France lacked a central bank and paper currency

Why did members of the National Convention turn against Robespierre on the Ninth of Thermidor?

They believed that Robespierre might soon have them arrested and executed