AP Euro - Chapter 21, the Industrial Revolution

Proto-industrialization

Another term for the domestic system; paved the way for the full-scale revolution

Congress of Vienna

Conference between ambassadors from the major powers that took place from 1814 to 1815; purpose was to settle issues and to redraw the political map after the defeat of Napoleonic France; kept there from being any major world wars until the early 20th century

Medical examiners

Gave a testimony in the Testimony for the Factory Act of 1833; stated that children are being horribly affected because of the ludicrous hours they had to work

William Harter

Gave a testimony in the Testimony for the Factory Act of 1833; stated that he owned a factory, and that if the hours that people worked there went down, production would go down, and income would be decreased

John Wright

Gave a testimony in the Testimony for the Factory Act of 1833; stated that, based on his observations, the work in silk factories was causing the workers to become cripples

Beethoven

German composer; wrote several symphonies that were thought to have been influenced by the political movements of his time

Manchester

Large production city in Great Britain; living conditions were horrible, and many of the sources we read wrote about this

Romanticism

Literary and artistic movement during the Industrial Revolution; focused on manners and social life (which included acceptable behavior) as well as nature; a return to the Renaissance arts

Liberal

Looking forward to new ideas and new structure; wanted to provide opportunities for economic growth (income); opposite of conservative

Railroad

Many countries developed these in the Industrial Revolution, Great Britain in particular; mode of transportation that was both fast and brought in a lot of income for the countries that had them

Factory Acts of 1833

Movement in Great Britain that outlawed the employment of children under the age of nine in textile mills; also limited the work days for those aged nine to thirteen to nine hours a day, and teenagers to twelve hours a day

Steam engine

One of the many innovations of the Industrial Revolution; allowed boats and trains to run on steam

William Bell Scott

Painted "Iron and Coal," which shows the production side of the Industrial Revolution in a much more glamorous way than was true

Gare Saint Lazare

Painting by Monet which demonstrates the wonder and awe of the new industrial civilization

Testimony for the Factory Act of 1833

Source we read that focused on the working conditions in factories in England during the early nineteenth century; showed both the points of view of the conservatives and the liberals

Domestic system

System in which a family would produce materials at home and then send them to the manufacturer and get a profit; also known as the putting-out system

Working class

Term that came about for the first time in the early nineteenth century; referred to the laborers in the new factories

Middle class

Term that came about for the first time in the early nineteenth century; referred to the people who fell between the working and upper classes

Industrial Revolution

Time of contemporary change in the early nineteenth century; draws a parallel with the French Revolution

Coal

Used to create the steam for the steam engine; very important source of fuel, since it powered the railroad system; many countries produced a lot of it in the Industrial Revolution, Great Britain in particular

Conservative

Wanted to conserve traditional values, such as the family; supported the government helping those in the working class; opposite of liberal

Luddites

Women weavers who resisted the new technologies that formed during the Industrial Revolution because it put them out of work

Honoré de Balzac

Wrote "Father Goriot: Money and the Middle Class"; wrote about a father who feels his daughters only associate themselves with him because they think he still has money

Samuel Smiles

Wrote "Self-Help: Middle-Class Attitudes"; said that the middle class were better off if the government did not help them and they helped themselves

Benjamin Disraeli

Wrote "Sybil, or the Two Nations: Mining Towns"; described the poor conditions in which the factory workers had to live

Friedrich Engels

Wrote "The Condition of the Working Class in England"; gave a very thorough description of the terrible conditions in which the factory workers had to work and live; sympathized with them very much; became a collaborator with Karl Marx, eventually

Flora Tristan

Wrote "Women and the Working Class"; understood the ideas of forming unions, and used the above article to try to appeal to French workers

Elizabeth Poole Sandford

Wrote "Women in Her Social and Domestic Character"; essentially said that women should be there to comfort their husbands