Ap Euro Chapter 25

What was the February Revolution in Russia in 1917?

An unplanned uprising of hungry and angry people in the capital

What was the fatal turning point in the Russian prosecution of the war?

The tsar's decision to assume command of Russia's armies, leaving the government in the hands of the strong-willed, autocratic tsarina

Why did the Germans accept the Treaty of Versailles?

They had little alternative, especially as the naval blockade was still in place and the German people were starving.

How did Henri-Philippe Pétain maintain order among French troops by late 1917?

He formed a tacit agreement with the troops that there would be no more grand offensives.

What did Germany's Auxiliary Service Law require?

That all men between seventeen and sixty work at jobs considered critical to the war effort.

Why were the Balkans considered the "powder keg of Europe"?

The Ottoman Empire had been forced to give up its territory in the region, leading to growing ethnic nationalism.

Throughout the First World War, what mistake did military commanders repeatedly make?

They attempted to mount massive offensives designed to break through entrenched lines.

Why did the German military command recommence submarine warfare in the Atlantic despite knowing that it would lead the United States to enter the war against them?

They believed that improved submarines could starve Britain into submission before the United States could come to Britain's rescue.

How did the moderate Social Democrats in Germany put down the radical Communist Spartacist Uprising?

They called on bands of demobilized soldiers called Free Corps to crush the uprising.

What was the common effect of western-front offensives during the First World War?

They caused the slaughter of massed infantry units.

How did Lenin's and the Bolsheviks' view of the Marxist party in Russia differ from the Mensheviks' view of the party?

The Bolsheviks wanted a small, disciplined party, while the Mensheviks wanted a democratic party with mass membership.

What was the primary consequence of the First Moroccan Crisis in 1905?

Britain, France, and Russia began to see Germany as a threat to dominate all of Europe.