AP Euro LEQ's - argument, 3 context references

Analyze the extent to which the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) represented a turning point in European society.

- Began when holy roman emperor Ferdinand II attempts to curb religious activates of his subject = rebellion. After the war ended, European society had changed in international relations, underwent a military revolution, and sparked a civil war in england. Int. Relations-- france replaced spain as dominant power, england & netherlands are economic leaders, no more wars fought over religious issues, state was now basic unit in western civilization Military Revo-- weapons- gunpowder into cannons and gun manufacture, Tactics- mass ranks of infantry into huge squares, ones w best discipline would win, Organization- increase in size to be placed strategically on field Civil War (in int. relations paragraph)- burden of war & tax=upheavels, England wanted new structure for society, wanted respect and didn't like elizabeth's successors interfering w political & economic affairs, = abolish royal courts, balance of political relations, resolve crisis of authority

Analyze the extent to which the causes of French Revolution were economic, political, and social.

Economic: - poor harvests, terrible weather; cause famine - King can not supply for the loss of food, can't give bread to the people, people starving - 'Fish Ladies' will eventually revolt and throw the Ruling family to Paris, in order to limit Louis XVI's power and keep him in captivity of a new guarded palace - economic downfall from Versailles and the constant wars, tipping ovefr after the AMerican Revolution, 7 years war Political: -absolute monarchy, people almost denied many rights - Locke's widely recognized idea of natural rights also helped to contribute to this idea - third estate have no say in government ideals - taxes and aristocracy Social: - the rejection of the Third Estate - tax exemption from first and second estates - french revolution also known as the 'Bourgeoisie Revolution' due to the help from the Bourgeoisie of the third estate

Evaluate the extent to which overseas expansion by European states affected global trade and international relations from 1600 to 1715.

Intro: - Prospering into the late middle ages and continuing into the 19th century, Europe dominated in international trade. a. States began to look for expansion. 1. affected the international relations in a positive way, bringing states closer together and giving the opportunity for sharing cultures, ideas, and products 2. it brought the need for advancements in ship building, and a vast array of goods being exchanged Int. Relations-- opened commercial links throughout Europe & asia, global markets & competition, took over ports in brazil, africa, asia, Dutch East India company Global trade--many commercial links, new types of ships to sail for longer, endure conditions, hold more men & cargo, diversity & volume of goods, boosted economy

Analyze the extent to which the economic and social development of Russia and of the Netherlands were similar in the period 1600-1725.

Intro: Both underwent dramatic changes, Russia had been overrun by famine & netherlands was in the golden age. Economically, while both of these countries pushed for trade and connection w neighboring countries, only the netherlands constructed new machinery in order to provide for their trading. - both countries prospered in the arts and education, geographically Russia was more spread out, with its people dispersed randomly, and the netherlands was at a geographical strongpoint. Economic-- Similarity-- Netherlands expanded into Mediterranean, Atlantic, Venezulin colonies, africa; Baltic sea, trade w/ norway, poland, russians Russia- canal building program; trade in Baltic & black sea Dutch came up w new ships, larger, stronger, faster, cheaper Social Development-- Similar- Netherlands arts, trade, culture, sciences, toleration; Russia- westernized, newspaper, libraries, schools, music, art, fashion Difference- Netherlands sat near rivers & oceans, Russia-cold & dry, poor soil famines

Evaluate the extent to which the French Revolution during the period 1789 through the Reign of Terror (1794) was an attempt to create a government based on Enlightenment ideals.

Mostly through political and cconomical factors Political -Declaration of the Rights of Man, almost based on natural rights by John Locke, 'Two Treatises of Governmnet,' influenced by logic and reason and enforced equality -Vindication of the Rights of Women by Wollstonecraft may have accounted for the rise of women later on -The Social Contract (Rousseau) said that people have the power to overthrow their government; evident through Napoleon as First Council, because of the Plebiscite, which allowed the people to vote him as ruler Economical -Nobles in National Assembly renounce feudal rights, abolishing the special privileges of the nobility which related to the enlightenment because of the idea of equality -Committee of Public Safety: 1)Set max prices on food 2)Produced arms and ammunition 3) Socialist ideology produced -Montesquieu's separation of powers

Analyze the extent to which the theory and practice of monarchy evolved in England from the death of Elizabeth I in 1603 to the Glorious Revolution of 1688-89.

NO

Assess the extent to which the Scientific Revolution changed views on religion and philosophy in the period 1550 to 1750.

NO

Assess the extent to which the the cultural values of the Enlightenment were similar to those of the sixteenth-century Northern Renaissance.

NO

Evaluate the extent to which the economies of England and Spain were different in the 17th century

NO

Analyze the extent to which Russia experienced political and social reform from the period of Peter the Great (1689-1725) through Catherine the Great (1762-1796). (Examples for background, social, catherine social, political.)

Universal theme: Change Intro; a. Background: Prior to Peter the Great, Russia had not changed much since the middle ages. Most countries recognized Russia as 'backwards' and still stuck in the middle ages, as it had not been modernizing much along with the rest of Western Europe. b. Socially: westernized the country- made people look and dress western, stopped men from beards Politically: strengthened the army-- moved capital, creates a senate, strong navy thru western strategies, required peasants to serve in army for life c. Catherine socially: Enlightenment-- art, philosophy, education, culture thrive in cities d. Politically: reformed the government by dividing empire into 50 provinces-- put nobles in charge of individual provinces; expanded south; provide education for women; more schools & universities & trained teachers, tech from Dutch and English to build navy and national army = able to participate in wars and expansion

Evaluate the extent to which the views of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were similar in regards to their views on human nature and the relationship between government and the governed.

YES

Evaluate the extent to which Napoleon could be considered "a child of the Enlightenment".

argument: napoleon didn't necessarily embody much of the ideology stemming from the enlightenment, but he definitely used the ideas of the Age of Reason to his advantage, essentially bringing him to power in the first place Political: - Ev. 1: Adam smith Wealth of the Nations ⇒ capitalism and no tax exemptions - Ev. 2: he had no tax exemptions - Ev. 3: John Locke's Two Treatises on Government : natural rights - Ev. 4: Napoleonic Code (1804): granted equality of males before law and security of wealth and property, practically using Locke's publication as a foundation for his Code. Religious: - Ev. 1: Voltaire Treatise on Toleration ⇒ religious toleration - Ev. 2: took away church power 'Concordat of 1801' (church was major but not mandatory ⇒ religious toleration)

Analyze the extent to which Enlightenment ideas about religion and society shaped the policies of the French Revolution in the period 1789 to 1799.

argument: social changes along with intellectual changes, but no religious changes; Social policies: - Ev. 1: Concordat of 1801 - grants some real toleration, 1. Pope accepts loss of church property 2. Catholic is the status of the majority of frenchmen - not mandatory - Ev. 2: Napoleonic code Equality before the law + reinforced marriage order Religious and intellectual policies: - Ev. 1: Locke - Two Treatises of Government - Ev. 2: National assembly + dec of the rights of man, using Locke's natural rights as a foundation for the documents - Ev. 1: Voltaire Treatise on Toleration - Ev. 2: Reign of Terror - worship reason - no rel tolerance

Louis XIV declared his goal was "one king, one law, one faith." Analyze the extent to which Louis was successful in achieving this goal.

successful (except the "one faith") with the use of absolutism; One King: - Calls himself 'Sun King' which is an allusion to the Greek god Apollo. This glorifies his image and starts the notion of "one divine ruler". - brings all nobles from Paris to Versailles, essentially making all noble rulers under his control, proivng he is the 'One King' - practically exemplified the absolutist ruler One Law: - In absolute society, the kings word is law - able to access a standing army who is only loyal to him; his army is a symbol to an absolute ruler's authority, and the army is also his basis of power - - large majority of taxes go into the army, thus making it larger, creating more power, which can cause another rise of taxes; this also makes him a better collector of revenue. - After Cardinal Mazarin re-established central control by prosecuting nobles of Fronde, Louis takes the throne and makes it so another rebellion cannot happen by making sure the nobles don't have as much power as they used to; sends to Versailles to keep an eye on them, and diminish their roles in society - he demands an active role in the council of state and their decisions One Faith: - hates division and practically all non-Catholics - revokes the Edict of Nantes (allowed Huguenots to practice their religion) - requires all subjects to become Catholic, thus uniting France with a common faith - loss, as he loses many Huguenots, leaving many open jobs and an economic downfall as they took their large sums of money with them