AP Euro Semester Exam

What claim about the Seven Years' War is correct?

It was the greatest of the European wars of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries and thus could be classified as a "cold war."

the French Revolution

Napoleon; makes this Revolution really significant because the people are trying to improve themselves; significant social, political, economical revolutions; biggest country at the time, they're revolting, what would happen to the rest of the countries? "If you beat the best team, you must be the best team then."- when the French king went down, it was a pretty big deal.

What best describes Napoleon's rule as reflected in the Napoleonic Code above?

it reflected many of the ideals of the philosophes and the revolution

What were typical sixteenth century reason to accuse others of witchcraft?

older women who live isolated lives - huge witch hunt in germany during the 30 years war

What might have occurred as a result of groups such as the nobility challenging monarchical authority based on religious reform?

the French Wars of Religion the Council of Trent the Reuchlin Affair the Edict of Nantes

What conclusion about science and the Enlightenment is best supported by your knowledge of European history

the Enlightenment flourished mainly in Western Europe

Counter Reformation =

el greca, sculpture of Saint Teresa and ecstasy

1555

(Peace of augsburg) ending religion of wars in germany

the purpose of the Renaissance

A period of growth and art, new sciences and inventions as well as lots of beautiful artwork

Which of the following groups would be most likely to use the conflict to support their political beliefs?

B. John Calvin

the Thirty Years War.

Completely changed how Europe was drawn territorially, end of HRE, last war of religion

SAQ Analyze ONE long-term effect of the Columbian Exchange.

Improved technology and nutrition to people in europe Solidifying trade between Europe and the Americas.

rise of mercantilism.

It created an entirely new class between the nobles and the peasants.

The Treaty of Westphalia 1648 was characterized by ]

It was characterized as his country his religion in german states, netherlands gained independence from france, decline and loss of power for the Holy Roman Empire. ended 30 years war

. Other than a royal residence, what other function did the palace serve?

Leading nobles of France were required to reside there

SAQ Briefly explain what actions Machiavelli is saying a ruler should take in order to be a successful ruler.

Machiavelli is saying to have your people fear you a bit so that they respect you but not too much to the point where they are terrified of you.

SAQ Analyze why Machiavelli might have taken the stance he did in The Prince.

Machiavelli took his stance because he had been in court with the Medici family and saw how they ruled from behind the scenes, and he had also seen the work of pope Because he wanted to unite the nation and make it successful. There needs to be ordering a ruler because it contributed to success.

What occurred during the Hundred Days in France? \

Napoleon arrived in Paris after escaping from exile on Elba

What were keys to German wars of religion

People saw and experienced social, economic, and political opportunities by going against the catholic faith

What evidence from the time period of the French Revolution best supports Lefebvre's prediction regarding the fate of the church in France?

The great fear

SAQ explain the effects of the Columbian Exchange on the indigenous peoples.

The impact of the Columbian Exchange on the Native American people. The Columbian Exchange had positive sides other than the deadly disease side. ... Among all the diseases that affected the Natives, smallpox was by far the worse.

What reforms did Napoleon believe would not only help to stabilize France, but would allow Progress

The lycees

How does the painting reflect the place and time in which it was produced?

The painting reflects the baroque period because of how dark it is and how it focuses on the human specimen. It was also painted by Rembrandt who was an important painter of the Baroque period.

the English Civil War

The people revolted and killed a king, they caused change and created a parliament.

Which of the following most closely reflects the inequality expressed in this cartoon?

The voting policies of the Estates General.

what best reflects the main goal and strategy of European nations facing French incursions?

Their main goal was to reduce the power of napoleon so that there was a balance of power across Europe between the great powers.

SAQ Briefly explain what was taking place politically in Italy during the Renaissance.

There were many city states in italy, venice, papal states, Naples, Florence, Milan. They were constantly at war with each other and formed backstabbing alliances. They unified as one to fight back against Spain and France when they invaded.

Baroque =

rubens

In which country would one be least urban

russia

The Seven Years' War was preceded by numerous other general European wars.What best explains the role played by the European concept of "balance of power

the conflicts were fought in order to prevent any one nation from becoming Europe's dominant power

1813

(Napoleon is going down hill and about to lose many battles, he gets very impatient, escapes many lands, become he comes back as general and not emperor

1648

(Peace of westphalia) ends the thirty years war and expands the peace of augsburg to include calvinism

1763

(Treaty of paris) ends the seven years war, 2/3 of the map change hands, french loses an empire, ends the french and indian war

Spanish 'Golden Age'

1492 - Columbus discovers americas They gained the wealth of the americas which enabled them to buy the HRE throne for Charles V Spent the money quickly Fighting Turkey, Balkans, Muslims Age of Discovery Always demonstrated by an escalated arts First Great novel - Don Quote El Greco, Velasquez Ends in 1648

What brought the "witch craze" to an end?

16th and early 17th century movement, dies out in middle of 1600's because scientific rev is bringing reasoning in the people will question and realize that there are explanations rather than "Oh, you're a witch."

Which social classes was most directly challenged by the actions shown in the painting?

A nobility based on hierarchy and status

The Columbian Exchange

Brough new good from the new world New animals New diseases New ideas Increases health and lifestyle of europeans Decreases health and lifestyle of native americans

the development of constitutional government in the Netherlands

Called the spanish netherland, house of orange (william orange) become a great mercantile trade nation that continually rebels the french Led to the armadas destruction of the channel Ending of the thirty years war

The Council of Trent was

Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation- wanted to strengthen Catholic Doctrine. Tried to reform the church but nothing really came out of it chose to reaffirm major catholic beliefs nuns are too secular Jesuit and ursuline nuns were created to find new souls through teaching people

A central feature of the Counter (Catholic) Reformation was the:

Council of Trent

The Thirty Years War

End of major war Changes power structure from france Hasuobs hegemony is broken forever Ends religious conflict on battlefields Called first modern war Holy roman empire in decline Balance of power One ruler, one faith Expanded to include calvinism peace of westphalia

Key quotes by Voltaire

Freedom of religion and speech, "don't agree with what you've written, but I'll die for your right to do so".

establishment of plantation agriculture in the Americas.

Grew labor intensive cash crops Needed a lot of workers Make more money (growing tobacco) takes work Tobacco, cotton, indigo are all labor intensive

WhAt was the Edict of Nantes allowing religious pluralism in France

Henry the 4th gave power to the huguenots, by giving them the right to organize and be included Huge Knots are calivinms Louis the 14th eliminates the edict of nantes because he wants one ruler and one faith Calvinism leads to conflict and capitalism

.What made Lutheranism so appealing to masses of people?

It was simple to understand, faith alone and you didn't have to understand many different rules

Which of the countries was the least likely to have been involved in the Columbian exchange?

Russia, Prussia, france

SAQ Explain the effects of the Columbian Exchange on the Europeans.

Some of the positive effects include the exchange of technology. The introduction of the plow transformed farming because it increased cultivation and food production to the benefit of both Native Americans and the Europeans. europe healthier

Lutheranism differed from the tenets of the Roman Catholic Church because it

Straight from the bible (bible is true source) Faith alone

What type of production became obsolete as a result of changes after 1765?

The "putting out" or domestic system

The political cartoon above is a representation of which of

The French estates system prior to the French Revolution

What two fundamental principles of the French Revolution were incorporated into the Napoleonic Code?

The equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property

development of absolutism in France.

benefit= efficiently centralized government and power, political, social system, under one rule

Napoleon's military conquests disrupted which major European state goal or policy regarding foreign affairs?

britain

One of Napoleon's main goals of the military conquests was

To "liberate" the people, to grow his empire and to gain more power.

. French Wars of Religion

War of the Three Henrys Henry iii gets killed Henry gets killed Henry Navarre - Henry IV states Paris if worth the mass

Which of the following groups most likely benefited from the division of Habsburg power seen 1n 1555 maps?

leaders such as John Calvin

Which phases of the French Revolution is most directly reflected in the painting above?

A constitutional monarchy was established to increase popular participation in the government.

What was Napoleon's Grand Empire?

Built by Napoleon and composed of three parts: an ever-expanding France, a number of dependent satellite kingdoms, and the largely independent but allied states of Austria, Prussia, and Russia

The Great Northern War (1700-1721) between Russia and Sweden was fought because

By the end of the war, Sweden had lost her supremacy as the leading power in the Baltic region and was replaced by Peter the Great's Russia.

This massacre resulted from tensions between the _______ French monarchy and the _______ French nobility.

Catholic and Calvinist

English Civil War

Killed a king Roundheads v cavaliers Charles the first gets whacked Established the English Commonwealth cromwell takes over

the purpose of European exploration

To expand empiric reach and how much land/trade, colonies to make money off of.

What best reflects the main goal of French expansionist policies within its sister republics and annexed lands?

To expand lands

the purpose of the Scientific Revolution

To progress technology and the way of life, making life easier.

the purpose of the Protestant Reformation

To reform the catholic church and create protestant religions

Bourgeoisie =

dutch makers, Rembrandt + van ruisdael

Protestant Reformation.

major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church.

What philosophy of government is advocated by Bossuet

political Absolutism (he made the argument that government was divine and that kings received their power from God. The notion of the divine rights of kings was an important theoretical pillar of monarchy in Europe, supported by the Holy Roman Empire)

What country was most urban

great britain, london

what artistic style that was influenced by the Catholic Reformation?*

Baroque

the Columbian Exchange

Opened up trade among americas and europe, greatly benefited both economically, europe got crops and better health, while the americas were plagued with european diseases.

Although the French attempted to change their own government, as reflected in the painting above, how did they respond to the Haitian revolution, led by Toussaint L'Ouverture?

The French were hostile to this revolution and fought against it to suppress the revolt. Napoleon sent over a big army and the majority of them died of sickness.

Waterloo

is a whole bunch of what ifs (similar to gettysburg)

The publication of this work, Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes, in 1651 reflected which of the following trends of the mid-seventeenth century?

Application of a scientific and materialistic, rather than spiritualistic, understanding of life

Why was the competition for trade leading to conflicts and rivalries among European powers

Because the Europeans establish overseas empires and trade networks through coercion and negotiation.

Many popes during the Italian Renaissance were noted for which of the following?

Being patrons of the arts ( saint peters, vatican city, michelangelo sistine chapel) Many of them became way to secular, and buying and selling, corruption

the development of constitutional government in England

Constitutional government starts in 1215- Magna Carta. Even kings under the law, king was supposed to ask Parliament about taxes. Led to 1640 English Civil War (ruling without Parliament). Solidified with the Glorious Revolution, with the signing of the English Bill of Rights.

the Protestant Reformation

Created new religions, hurt popularity of the church, helped reform the church, caused the wars of religion

Which European political figure would express the greatest approval for the Palace of Versailles?

jean colbert