ap euro unit 4

Voltaire's plea for tolerance is best understood in the context of which of the following developments?

New concepts of faith resulting from rational analysis of religious practices

Which of the following best explains the contemporary development of the theory of absolutism in France, which contrasted sharply with Locke's views on popular sovereignty?

The lack of any successful challenges to monarchical power in seventeenth-century France

Which of the following conclusions can be made about the attitude of wealthy landowners toward agricultural improvements in the eighteenth century?

They saw such improvements as a source of pride and prestige

The influence of the Scientific Revolution on Locke's reasoning regarding the right of people to establish new forms of government is most clearly reflected in his

appeal to universal principles that supposedly define the function of government

Addington's information about Leicester and Northampton in the second paragraph provides most direct evidence for which of the following in eighteenth-century England? 2nd paragraph: "In the counties of Leicester and Northampton, where enclosing has lately prevailed, the decrease of inhabitants in almost all the enclosed villages, in which they have no inconsiderable manufactory, is obvious enough to be remarked by everyone that knew their state twenty or thirty years ago, and sees them now. They have known [cases in which] upwards of an hundred houses and families in some open-field villages have since dwindled to eight or ten; and five or six hundred inhabitants, where there are not now more than forty or fifty: a plain proof this, that enclosing depopulates the countryside."

Demographic shifts associated with changes in agricultural practices

Which of the following pieces of evidence most directly challenges Jardine's implied claim that the Scientific Revolution was characterized by a universal change in outlook?

Newton's investigations into alchemy

Enlightenment philosophes such as Voltaire primarily drew on which of the following to advocate for changing human institutions?

Principles of the Scientific Revolution, such as rationalism and empirical observation

Which of the following best supports Jardine's argument that increased international trade influenced the Scientific Revolution?

The European discovery of lands and peoples not mentioned in ancient and classical sources undermined those sources' authority

Which of the following pieces of evidence best supports Jardine's argument regarding the changes in intellectual outlook in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

The new ideas in astronomy and anatomy that led intellectuals to challenge the authority of ancient and classical sources of knowledge

Voltaire's ability to publish the ideas presented in the "Treatise on Toleration" best reflects which of the following?

The spread of print media that popularized Enlightenment ideas

Voltaire's description of different societies in the second paragraph best reflects which of the following Enlightenment concepts? 2nd paragraph: "May those who light candles at midday in adoration of you learn to tolerate those who simply bask in the light of your sun. May those who wrap a white cloth round their robes to express the command to love you not hate those who say the same thing under a coat of black wool. May those whose clothes are dyed red or violet and who rule over a small plot on a little heap of the mud of this world, and who happen to possess some rounded pieces of a certain metal, enjoy what they call greatness and riches without pride, and may others view them without envy: for you know that there is nothing to envy or boast about in these vanities."

The use of skepticism to challenge institutions of government and faith