AP Euro Unit 5 Practice Test
Who governed England for a decade after the defeat of King Charles I in the English Civil War and his execution in 1649?
A commonwealth led by Oliver Cromwell
What is an accurate characterization of England in the period of 1688-1715?
A constitutional monarchy controlled by an aristocratic oligarchy
What did the religious change in the seventeenth-century Netherlands lead to?
A great vitality in intellectual and artistic life
What would the Commercial Revolution be best defined as?
A rapid expansion in trade involving new goods and techniques
What did the Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 refer to?
A shift in alliances that united France and Habsburg Austria against Prussia
What was a major characteristic of the English monarchy in the eighteenth century?
A steadily widening discrepancy between its theoretical and its real powers
What was not a reason for the rise of the Netherlands as a major trading power in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries?
A strong monarchy that promoted economic development
According to the theory of mercantilism, colonies should be what?
Acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
What was not an accomplishment carried out by Peter the Great of Russia?
Acquisition of Poland
The French monarchy in the seventeenth century sought to expand France's borders to its "natural frontiers" by gaining control of what?
Alsace
What city dominated European trade and finance in the early seventeenth century?
Amsterdam
Who was the leading economic center of early seventeenth-century Europe?
Amsterdam
The painting, "Judith Slaying Holofernes" by Artemsia Gentilischi, is distinguished by its dramatic treatment of the subject, an oversized canvas, and intense use of light and shadow. What art movement is represented in it?
Baroque
In the mid-seventeenth century, the areas shaded in black on the map of Europe belonged to who?
Brandenburg-Prussia
How did the Peace of Utrecht (1713-14) alter the balance of power in Europe?
Checking French expansion
Italian women artists of the Renaissance and Baroque era were able to achieve recognition as artists primarily as a result of their what?
Commissions from wealthy patrons
What was generally supported by the mercantilists?
Development of colonies
The shaded areas on the map, with Spain all shaded, represent what?
Dynastic lands of the Habsburgs in the sixteenth century
A major result of the War of Spanish Succession (1701-13) and Treaty of Utrecht (1713-14) was what?
End the last threat to the balance of power by Louis XIV of France
What was an economic policy of Louis XIV's finance minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert?
Establishing detailed manufacturing codes to improve of the quality of French export goods
Louis XIV of France didn't use what method to assert absolute power?
Extended religious toleration to Huguenots
What did the political cartoon attempt to ridicule?
Fighting between royalist and parliamentary armies during the English Civil War
In the second half of the seventeenth century, what country dominated European culture, politics, and diplomacy?
France
What was the major language spoken in most courts and diplomatic circles of Europe by the late seventeenth century?
French
What was mercantilism principally characterized?
Government efforts to build a strong, self-sufficient economy
Why did the Habsburg Emperor Charles VI (1711-1740) issue his Pragmatic Sanction?
Guarantee the succession of his eldest daughter to the throne
What is true of Frederick William I, king of Prussia from 1713-40?
He built a first-rate army and infused Prussia society with military values
What is true of Cardinal Richelieu (1585-1642)?
He strengthened the intendant method of local government
What contributed to the economic decline of Spain in the seventeenth century?
High taxes resulting from warfare and the expulsion of the Moriscos
Primarily why was the system of intendants established in seventeenth-century France?
Implement royal policies locally
What does the Russian woodcut (about 1698) symbolize about Peter the Great?
Imposition of Western values on the Russian nobility
The principal reason England reverted to a monarchical form of government following the Interregnum of Oliver Cromwell lay in Cromwell's what?
Inability to establish broad popular support for his government
What was one policy Peter the Great used to make Russia a great power?
Introduce military conscription for all adult males
In the period from Columbus' discovery of the Americas to the American Revolution, what good was not imported from the New World to Europe in large quantities?
Iron ore
What was the most important result of the Peace of Utrecht (1713)?
It ended the efforts of Louis XIV to dominante continental European politics
What is the best characterization of the Treaty of Utrecht (1713-14)?
It signified the rise of Great Britain as a commercial power
The Dutch Republic rose to prominence in seventeenth-century Europe because of what factor?
Its shipping and commerce
"That the pretended power of suspending laws of laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal. That levying money for or to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative without grant of Parliament for longer time or in other manner than the same is illegal." The provisions above from the English Bill of Rights were enacted in response to what?
James II's attempts to dominate Parliament
Why did Emperor Joseph II of Austria fail in his attempts to reform his country?
Lacked ruthlessness
"He desired glory and excellence beyond that of anyone else. He showed favor to vernacular poetry and all the fine arts. Under him the city was not free, but it would have been impossible for it to have had a better or more pleasing tyrant." Who does this most accurately describe?
Lorenzo de Medici
The emblem was used as a symbol for who?
Louis XIV
What did the War of Spanish Succession end with?
Louis XIV's grandson as king of Spain
In the first half of the seventeenth century, what country led Europe in shipbuilding, navigation, and commerce and banking?
Netherlands
In seventeenth-century Poland, the most significant political influence was exercised by who?
Nobility
John Locke based his Two Treatises on Government primarily on what view of human nature?
People are basically rational and learn from practical experience
According to the map of Europe near Russia, during the eighteenth century, Russia expanded in Europe primarily by gaining territory from where?
Poland
What was a major result of the War of Spanish Succession (1701-1713) and the Treaty of Utrecht (1713-1714)?
Prevent France from upsetting the balance of power
What was the fundamental aim of the concept of the balance of power, as it emerged by the end of the seventeenth and beginning of eighteenth centuries?
Preventing the dominance of a single power
As a proportion of its population and national wealth, what state had the largest military establishment in the eighteenth century?
Prussia
In the eighteenth century, what was not a significant motive for wars?
Religious differences
What was not a reason for the decline of the Netherlands in the late seventeenth century?
Religious toleration of minorities
The establishment and growth of St. Petersburg during the early eighteenth century was part of Peter the Great's attempt to do what?
Remake Russian institutions to be as effective as those in western Europe
What can the French Fronde be best described as?
Revolt over increasing centralization of royal power
What best explains the decline of Sweden as a major European power in the early eighteenth century?
Rivalry with the larger and more resource-rich Russia
What is most closely associated with Baroque art?
Roman Catholic efforts to reinvigorate spirituality
What most accurately describes the political system of the Dutch republic of the seventeenth century?
Rule by wealthy merchants
"Since my accession to the throne, I have very been anxious to conquer prejudices and to gain the confidence of my people. I granted toleration, and removed the yoke which had oppressed Protestants for centuries. Tolerance is a convincing proof of the improvement of the human mind." What most likely was the author of the quote?
Ruler influenced by Enlightenment precepts
What does the map of eighteenth-century Russia suggest about Russian territory between 1689 and 1796?
Russia acquired navigable seaports in both the north and south
What were the three principal political entities in central and eastern Europe in the mid-seventeenth century?
Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and Poland
One of the main aims of the reforms in Russia under Peter the Great (1689-1725) was the make high social status more dependent on what?
Service to the state
The acquisition of what territory during the mid-eighteenth century helped to establish Prussia as a great power?
Silesia
In eighteenth-century Europe, the most important imperial rivalries existed among what three contries?
Spain, France, and Great Britain
What was not a new consumer good that became popular in European markets in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
Specie
What characterized European warfare between the Peace of Utrecht (1713) and the outbreak of the French Revolution (1789)?
Standing armies pursuing limited strategic goals
What can mercantilist economic policies be best described as?
State intervention to achieve positive trade balances
Between 1650 and 1750, what was the most valuable export from the British and French colonies of the New World to Europe?
Sugar
What set of states were in serious decline during the eighteenth century?
Sweden, Poland, and Ottoman Empire
What do the shaded areas of the map of early eighteenth-century France shown represent?
Territorial acquisitions during the reign of Louis XIV
What is the revolt against France's increasingly centralized monarchy in 1648-52 generally known as?
The Fronde
What can Poland's decline as a major political entity during the seventeenth century be attributed largely to?
The absence of a powerful central authority
The chart on the finances of the Spanish province of Castile can best be explained by what?
The cost of military expenditures and warfare
What was the most significant challenge faced by the Austrian Habsburgs after 1648?
The difficulty of centralizing a multi-ethnic empire
In the eighteenth century, the effectiveness of the Russian monarchy was limited by what?
The enormous land area of the country
What helps to explain the economic and political decline of Spain during the seventeenth century?
The extension of the empire's commitments beyond its resources
What was the primary result of the Glorious Revolution of 1688?
The limitation of the monarchy's power
The painting by Jan Vermeer illustrates what about Dutch society in the seventeenth century?
The prosperity of the Dutch and their celebration of domesticity
What represents the final defeat of efforts by the Ottoman Empire to acquire large areas of central Europe?
The siege of Vienna (1683)
What best characterizes the British political system in the eighteenth century?
The use of royal patronage to overcome nobel factionalism in the Parliament
What was the most important assumption underlying the economic philosophy of mercantilism?
The wealth of nations was limited and needed to be carefully preserved
What is true about the rulers of both Austria and Prussia during the seventeenth century?
They maintained permanent standing armies
What work did the illustration with the King appear in?
Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan
What was the principal reason why Louis XIV (1643-1715) built his palace at Versailles?
Tighten his control over the nobility
In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Prussia, the Junkers supported the monarchy and served in the army in return for what?
Virtually absolute power over their serfs
In the first half of the seventeenth century, the Austrian Habsburgs subdued revolt and centralized control in their territories by doing what?
Waging warfare against rebel groups and supporting the Counter Reformation
What was the Fronde revolt in France from 1648-52?
Was aimed against high taxes and foreign influence in government