AP European History Chapter 24

First Balkan War

(1912) A united "Balkan League" gathered forces strong enough to win independence from Ottoman Empire, lasted a few months goal is to push the ottomans out, and serbia wants to gain land of albania. Serbia,Greece, and Bulgaria joined forces to attack the Ottoman Empire. They later quarreled with Bulgaria over the spoils. War occurred in 1912.

What developments in science, intellectual affairs, and the arts in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries "opened the way to a modern consciousness"?

(basically modernism) The Emergence of Realism --belief in the material --rejected Romanticism Natrualists: was a continuation of realism it lacked an underlying not of liberal optimism about people and society were pessimistic about Europe's future. and portrayed characters caught in the grip of forces beyond their control Modernists Art: -Impressionism: a movement originated in france when artists rejected the studios and muesums and went to paint in the country side, however also painted of roads, and towns and city life in action, sought originaty distintion from past works. utilized bright colors dynamic brushstrokes and smaller private scale. -Post-impressionism: retained impressionist emphasis on light and color but revolutionized it even further by paying more attention to structure and form. Sought to use both color and line to express inner feelings and produce a personal statement of reality rather than just imitating objects. --Cézanne: sought to express visually the underlying geometric structure and form of everything he painted. --Millet -Pissarro: sought to put into their painting their impression of the changing effects of light on objects in nature. -Claude Monet: captured the interplay of light water and atmosphere expecially evident in Impression, Sunrise. -Brethe Morisot: first femal painter to join impressionists developed her own unique style. Literature: --Gustave Flaubert -- "Madame Bovary" --William Thackeray -- "Vanity Fair" --Charles Dickens Music: --Liszt: "symphonic poem" --Wagner: ----"leitmotiv"human voice blends with orchestra. ----Nationalist "The Ring of the Nibelung" (Ring Cycle) - The Newtonian world view included the following principles: 1) Time, space, and matter were objective realities that existed independently of the observer. 2) The universe was a giant machine whose parts obeyed strict laws of cause and effect. 3) The atom, indivisible and solid, was the basic unit of matter. 4) Heated bodies emitted radiation in continuous waves. - Max PLANCK (1858-1947), a German physicist, proposed the quantum theory, which holds that a heated body radiates energy not in a continuous unbroken stream, as had been believed, but in intermittent spurts or jumps called quanta. - EINSTEIN: Theory of relativity - altered classical concepts of space and time. -Signmund freud

Describe the scientific contributions of the following people. Albert Einstein: Max Planck: Marie and Pierre Curie:

-Albert Einstein: "the Electro-Dynamics of Moving Bodies" that contained his speical theory of relativity, where space and time are not absolute but relative to the observer, and were woven to what Einstein called a four-dimensional space-time continuum. He concluded that matter was nothing but another form of energy. His formula, E=msquared ech particle of matter is equivalent to its mass times the square of the velocity of light. -Max Planck:rejected the belief that a heated body radiates energy in a steady stream but maintained instead that energy is raditated discontinuously in irregular packets that he called "quanta". the quantum theory raised fundamental questions about the subatomic realm of the atom. -Marie and Pierre Curie:discovered that the element radium gave off rays of radiation that apparently came from within the atom itself. Atoms were not simply hard, material bodies but small worlds containing such subatomic particles as electrons and protons that behaved seemingly random.

5. What political problems did Great Britain, Italy, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia face between 1894 and 1914, and how did they solve them?

-Britain: the working classes: Trade unions and the labor party were forcing liberals to adopt to significant social reforms. they wanted more radical changes for the economic system since the governent wasnt helping start these reforms. a movement of laborers emerged among a group of intellectuals known as the Fabian Socialists who stressed the need for the workers to use their rights to vote to capture the House of Commons and pass legislation hat would benefit the laboring class. these groups werent Marxist. favored evolution toward a socialist state by democratic means. The liberals that gained control over the House of Commons in that year held the government from 1906- 1914, thought they would enact a social welfare program or lose the support of the workers. The National Insurence Act of 1911 provided benefits for workers in case of sickness and unemployment to be paid for by the compulsory contributions from workers, employers, and the state. -Italy: liberls had roblems in italy, a certain amount of stability was achieved when the liberal leader, Giovanni Gioletti served intermittenly as prome minister and was the master of transformation, a system in which old political groups were transfomed into new gov. coalitions, by political and economical bribery. However, his devious effects in the long term, made Italy corrupt and unmanagable. When urban workers turned to violence to protest their livng ad working conditions, Giolitti tried to appease them with Social welfare legislation and universal male suffrage to make him look good but it really didnt do much. -France: evidence of renewed anti-semitism in europe. Alfred Drefus a jew was accused for selling secrets and condmned to death. Evidence emerged for his innocence. Another catholic officer who was more obviously a traitor, but didnt need to have a trial. Some right-winged journalists even used the case to push their own anti-semitism views. After a wave of intense public outrag, the Rebulic's leader's insised on another trial. also he trail failed to set aside the guilty verdict, the government pardonded Dreyfus and he was fully exonerated. Moderate republicans lost control to radical repiblicans who were determined to amke greater progress toward a more democratic society by breaking the power of the Republican's enemies., especialy the army of the catholic church. The churhc and state were officially separated in 1905 and during the next tow years, te government siezed church property and stopped paying lerical salaries. As a small nation, france lagged far behind great Britain, germany, and the united states in industrial activity. Moreover, after the industrialization france relaized it had done little to help the working class memebers and their discontent. The french parliament felt pressured toenact labor legislation. This made strikes more appealing to the working class. -Germany: Germany had become the strongest military and industrial powe on the Continent. New social configurations had emerged. THe growth f expansion led to even gerater expansion for the Social Democratic Party. William II was no more successful at slowing the growth of Social Democrats. It had become the largest single party int eh Reichstag. Its growth frightened the middle and upper classes who blamed labor for their own problems. Conservatives especially landowning nobility and representatives of heavy industry (two of the powerful ruling groups in Germany), tried to block it by supporting William II's activist foreign policy. German society had problems between modernization and keeping old traditions that was manifested in a new, radicalized right-winged politics. -Austria-Hungary: had problems with havinf numerous nationalities. the granting of universal male suffrage in 1907. As Austrial industralized, two working class parties came to exsistence both strongly inc]flucence by nationalism. The social Democrats were marxists, and the Christain Socialists who were more nationalist and anti-semetic. Whie subjagating their nationalities, the ruling Magyars in Hunagry developed a movement for complete separation from Austria. When they demanded the hungarian army be separated from the imperial army, Emperor Francis Joseph as King of Hungary acted forcefully and threatened to impose universal male suffrage on Hungary a move that would challenge Magyar domination of the minorities. Kept and mainted the Dual Monarchy becasue Hungarian leaders fell in line with the parliamentary leader. -Russia: Whitte;s program made possible the rapid growth of a modern steel and coal industry in Ukraine. so the result with mass industrialization was oppressed people and more socialist parties. With industalization came factories an industrial working class, industrial suburbs around Saint Petersburg and Moscow, and pitiful working conditions. Socialist thought and socialist parties developed although Russia soon force them to go underground to become revolutionary. Nicholas II made it very autocratic oppressed socialist groups. The Marxist Social Democratic Party held its first congress in Minsk in 1898 but the arrest of its leaders cause the next one to be in Brussels in 1903. The growing oppistion of the tarist regime exploded in the revolution of 1905, becuase before, the Social Revolutionaries worked to overthrow the tarist autocracy and establish peasant socialism, haivng no other outlet they advocated for political terrorism.

Describe the contributions of the following people to a change in philosophy. Friedrich Nietzsche Henri Bergson Georges Sorel

-Friedrich Nietzsche: believed that chritianity should shoulder much of the blame for western civilization's enfeeblement. Beleieved people should recognize that "God is dead" and that europeans killed God. he rejected and condemned political democracy, social reform, and universal suffrage. was one of the intellectuals who glorified the irrational. -Henri Bergson: accepted rational, scientific thought as a practical instrument for providing useful knowledge but maintained that it was incapable of arriving at truth or ultimate reality. to him realty was the "life force" that suffused all things; it could not be divided into anaylzable parts. -Georges Sorel: interest in revolutionary socialism, combined both Nietzsche's and Bergson's ideas on limits of rational thinking. To destroy capitalist society, he recommened the use of general strike, envisioning it as a mythic image that had the power to inspire workers to take violent, heroic action against the capitalist order.

3. What gains did women make in their movement for women's rights?

-new Professions: some middle and upper middle class women gained access to higher education and others sought entry into occupations dominated by men. The first to fall was teaching. Because medical training was largely closed to women, they sought alternatives through the development of nursing. Amalie Sieveking: founded the Female Association for the Care of the Poor and Sick in Hamburg Germany. -The right to vote: Many Feminists believed that the right to vote was the key to all other reforms to improve the position of women. The British women's movement was the most vocal and active in Europe. but it divided over tactics. The liberal Millicent Fawcett: organized a moderate group who beleived that women must demonstrate that they would use political power responsibly if they wanted parliament to gran them the right to vote. -Efforts for peace: In many countries, women supported peace movements, Bertha von Sutter: became head of the Austrian Peace Society and protested against the growing arms race of the 1890s. Lower class women also took up the cause of peace. -"New Woman": these women renounced traditional feminine roles, although some of them supported political idealogies such as socialism that flew face of the ruling classes, other simply sought new freedom outside the household and new roles as women that wasn't wives or mothers. Maira Montessori: breaking with tradition she attended medical school at the University of Rome, and isolated by other male students she persisted and became the first Italian woman to receive a medical degree.

Boxer Rebellion

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops. Rebellion in China against foreigners that occurred soon after the "Open Door" notes. Caused by foreign (American and European) "spheres of influence" within the Chinese empire. Led to no formal division of China and the world powers accepted compensation from the Chinese for damages instead.

Henri Bergson

A French philosophy professor who said that personal experiences and intuition were more important than rational thought and thinking (1859-1941), French philosophy professor, believed immediate experience and intuition were as important as rational and scientific thinking In the 1890's, French philosophy professor Henri Bergson (1859-1941) convinced many young people through his writing that immediate experience and intuition were as important as rational and scientific thinking for understanding reality. Indeed, according to Bergson, a religious experience or a mystical poem was often more accessible to human comprehension than a scientific or a mathematical equation. (929)

Georges Sorel

A French socialist who thought there socialism would come from a general strike of all workers that would cripple the capitalist system. Thought that socialism was an improbable religion rather than accepted truth. Thought that the new socialist governments would not be democratic, rather controlled by a small revolutionary elite. He did not like democracy.

Second Balkan War

A conflict that broke out when Bulgaria, unsatisfied with its gained territory, attacked its neighbors, Serbia and Greece, after the First Balkan War. During the conflict, Romania entered the conflict and the Ottoman Empire was able to regain some of their lost territory.

Alliance system

A formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

Social Darwinism

A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background. A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background. A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background.

Cubism

A style of art in which the subject matter is portrayed by geometric forms, especially cubes Employs an analytical vision based on fragmentation and multiple viewpoints. Attempts to break down nature into basic geometric forms (cubes, rectangles, triangles, etc.) Braque, Picasso

7. What effects did European imperialism have on Africa and Asia?

Africa: new age of african leaders had emerged, although middle-class africans did not suffer to extent of the poor peasants or workers on planations they too had complaints. They usually qualified for only menial jobs in the governments or business. The purported superiority was expressed through aficans, Such conditions led many of the urban educated class of africans to have mized feelings about their colonial masters and the civilization they represented. These new intellectuals fiercely hated colonial rule and were determined to assert their own nationality and cultural destiny. Asia: A major otuburst of violence against the foreignors occured in the Boxer rebellion. The imperial gov. was so weakened that the forces of the revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen overthrew the Manchu dysnasty and the new republic of China remained weak and ineffective. Same with Japan but jAPAN MODERNIZED ITSELF AND ABSORBED WESTERN METHODS.

Triple Alliance

Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I. An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI.

Post-Impressionism

An artistic movement that expressed world that could not normally be seen, like dreams and fantasy. A late nineteenth-century style that relies on the Impressionist use of color and spontaneous brushwork but that employs these elements as expressive devices. stressed light, shading, and color, as well as an analysis of the STRUCTURE of a subject, PAUL CEZANNE, "make Impressionism something solid and durable", abstraction, seemingly retain solid forms

Impressionism

An artistic movement that sought to capture a momentary feel, or impression, of the piece they were drawing Focuses on transitory visual impressionism, Often painted directly from nature, emphasizing the changing effects of light and color. Renoir An attempt to portray the fleeting and stransitory world of sense impressions based on scientific stuides of light, forms are bathed in light and atmosphere. colors are juxtaposed for the eye to fuse form a distance, short, choppy brush strokesto catch the vibrating quality of the light.

Sigmund Freud

Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis. 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic, personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego, reality and pleasure principles, ego ideal, defense mechanisms (expanded by Anna Freud), psychoanalysis, transference 1856-1939; Field: psychoanalytic, personality; Contributions: id/ego/superego, reality and pleasure principles, ego ideal, defense mechanisms (expanded by Anna Freud), psychoanalysis, transference

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Became ruler of Germany in 1888 and dramatically changed Germany's foreign policy. He wanted to show the world how mighty Germany had become and did not want to share his power with anyone. He let Germany's treaty with Russia lapse in 1890, which allowed Russia to form a defensive military alliance with France. Next, Wilhelm began a shipbuilding program in order to make the German navy equal to the British fleet. This led Britain to form an alliance with France. Emperor of Germany during World War I

8. What was the Bismarckian system of alliances and how successful was it at keeping peace?

Bismarck new that the emergence of a new unified germany in 1871 had upset the balance of power established in vienna in 1815, Fearing the french desire of revenge over their loss land Alsace-Lorraine, in the franco-prussian war, Bismarck made an alliance first in 1873 and again in 18881 with the traditional conservative powers of Austria-Hungary and Russia. Bismarck sought to remain on friendly terms with the Russians and signed the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia hoping to pevent a French-Russian alliance that would threaten germany. that was what this system was, it worked for a little while, keeping the status quo and perserving peace , but in 1890, Emperor William II dismissed Bismarck and began to chart a new direction for Germany's foreign policy.

How did Bismarck use alliances to isolate France after the Franco-Prussian War?

Bismarck sought to remain on friendly terms with the Russians and signed the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia hoping to pevent a French-Russian alliance that would threaten germany.

Reinsurance Treaty

Bismarck's secret negotiation with Russia 1887, Bismarck tried to enter an alliance with Russia after the Emperor's league was ended to keep Russia. Agreed on neutrality when engaged in war with another country unless Russia attacked Austria-Hungary or Germany attacked France, as previous alliances had to come into effect.

Fashoda crisis (1898)

Dispute between Britain and France over territorial disputes in Eastern Africa and Sudan. Resolved by Britain having control of Egypt and France having control over Morocco.

Berlin Conference (1884-1885)

European powers divided up Africa without worrying about borders or cultures 13 European powers came together to divide Africa; 128 years ago Regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period, and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power.

Friedrich Nietzsche

German philosopher who said that "God is dead," that lackadaisical people killed him with their false values. Said that Christianity and all religion is a "slave morality." He also said that the only hope for mankind was to accept the meaninglessness of human life, and to then use that meaninglessness as a source of personal integrity and liberation. Also stated that from this meaninglessness people called Supermen would exert their mind on other and rise to power. he appealed to people who liked totalitarianism.

Max Planck

German physicist who developed quantum theory and was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918. German physicist who proved that subatomic energy was emitted from particles, he called them "quanta"

Albert Einstein

German physicist who developed the theory of relativity, which states that time, space, and mass are relative to each other and not fixed. German physicist, father of modern quantum physics. (1879-1955) A German Jew, Stated that matter and energy are interchangeable, and that even a particle of matter contains enormous amounts of potential energy. He also stated that the speed of light is the only thing constant from all frames of reference.

6. What were the causes of the new imperialism that took place after 1880?

Imperalism was linked to social darwism and racism, social Darwinists veleived that in the struggle between the nations, the fit are victorious and survive, superior must dominate inferior by military force

What arguments were made against European imperialism?

It would reopen the painful controversy over slavery People would see any increase in government spending as a sign that taxes were sure to rise in the future. This would reduce spending now and negate the effects of the increase in government spending

Zionism

Jewish create a nationalist movement and returned to palestine, the land of of ancient israel. National ideas spread and the idea of national independence captured the imagination of some jews. The key figure in the political growth of this was Theodor Herzl.

Heart of Darkness

Joseph Conrad, 1902. The story reflects the physical and psychological shock Conrad himself experienced in 1890, when he worked briefly in the Belgian Congo. What other famous work other than "Shooting an Elephant" is a critique on Imperialism?

Indian Congress Party

Nationalist group in India that called for independence from Britain; led by Western-educated Indian elites; led India in the early postcolonial era. Nationalist group in India that called for independence from Britain, led by Western-educated Indian elites, led India in early post colonial era

Anti-Semitism

Prejudice against Jews hostility to or prejudice against Jews. Hostility toward or discrimination against Jews

Vincent Van Gogh

The Starry Night A Dutch expressionist who painted a "moving visions in his mind's eye" He was considered a failure during his lifetime - only selling one painting. However, today he is considered. Was a tortured and tragic figure,, for him, art was a spiritual experience, he was especially interested in color and believed it could act as its own language. maintained that artists should paint what they felt.

Three Emperors' League

The first alliance that Bismarck established which was Germany Austria-Hungary and Russia A conservative alliance that linked the monarchs of Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Russia against Radical Movements

How did nationalist tensions in the Balkans set the stage for the next major European war?

The two Balkan wars left the inhabitants for the great powers more tensions.

What technological innovations helped Europeans colonize areas in Africa and Asia?

This new imperialism emplyed european military strength and the industrialtechnology to control new territories, using locally trained military to carry out the oppression of local populations. In Africa the two places that werent conquered was Etheupia and Liberya.

What were the aims and methods of the feminist movement?

To make Family marriages laws because it was difficult for women to secure divorces and property laws gave husbands almost complete control over the property of their wives.

Claude Monet

a French painter who used a impressionism called "super-realism," capture overall impression of the thing they were painting Who painted Impression Sunrise

Pablo Picasso

a Spanish artist, founder of Cubism, which focused on geometric shapes and overlapping planes. his paintings led to the beginning of abstract painting. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

4. How did a new right-wing politics affect the Jews in different parts of Europe?

a revival of racism combined with extreme nationalism to produce a new right wring politics aimed at jews. anti-semitism was not new to European Civilizations jews were blamed and persucuted for killing Christ and have been subjected to mob violence. In Austrian politics the christain socialists combined agitation for workers with a virulent anti-semitism. Germany too had its right wing anti-semitic parties such as Adolf Stocker's Christian Social Workers. These parties used anti-semitism to win the votes of traditional lower middle-class groups who felt threatened by the new economic forces in time. These anti-semitism parties in germany were based on race. To moderate radical anti-semites, jews were radically stained and culd not convert to chritsianty and will forever remain a jew. Zionism became the focus of Jewih national movements in Palestine.

Pankhurst family

another feminist group favored a more radical approach. Emmeline this and her daughters founded the Women's Social and Political Union which enrolled mostly middle-class and upper middle class women. the members of this organization realized the value of media and used unusual publicity stunts to call attention to their demands. they were labeled suffragettes, by male politicians and hey pelted government officials with eggs, chained themselves to lamposts, smached windows or department stores, burned railroad cars, and went on hunger strikes in jail.

How did Bismarck's dismissal in 1890 change European diplomacy?

because Emperor William II came to power and threw away Bismarck's foreign policy methods. it was dedicated into enhancing the German power by finding its proper place and rightful spot. He dashed away Bismarck;s Reinsurance Act with Russia, Ending that alliance achieved what Bismarck had feared, it brought France and Russia together.

Congress of Berlin in 1878

he Congress of Berlin (13 June - 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of the Great Powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Germany and the Ottoman Empire)[1] and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro), aiming at determining the territories of the states in the Balkan peninsula following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. The Congress came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Berlin, which replaced the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano signed three months earlier between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.

Marie and Pierre Curie

husband and wife team in Paris who discovered two of the missing elements; discovered radioactivity This couple was given a Nobel Prize for their work on radioactivity in 1903. husband and wife team who discovered the two missing elements (radium and polonium), found powerful energy released from pitchblende called radioactivity, shared the Noble Prize for chemistry for their discovery

scramble for south africa

it was first from the Dutch during the napoleonic Wars, britian had established themselves in south africa, by taking control of Cape Town, originally hich was originally founded by the Dutch in 1652. South africa was a Critical provisioning stop for traders between Europe and inia. They expanded out from india. A lot of violence, they became increasingly separated from their european group. So Dutch East India Company became bankrupt, so British took over. Britiains illegalized slavery and Boers hated that cause they liked free labor. The mineral revolutons: what made colonization in south africa explode. Led to increase in British interestt in the country because diamond deposits found, Fold found in 1880s. So britain was like, darn we illegalized slavery and we need labor to get gold. So how to get cheap labor? they put tax on Africans "youre black" tax and so they had to work in mines for very little money by taxing them heavily. 1908, South African becomes a country after war of Britain and Boers. Soyth Africa was a good example of new Imperalism.

Paul Cezanne

most important post-impressionist artists, sought to visually express the underlying of geometric shapes and structure and form or everything. he accomplished thsis by pressing his wet brush directly onto the canvas forming cubes of color. His technique was to break down forms to their basic components.

How was race used to justify European imperialism?

social darwinism, only the fit is the best to survive.

Why was anti-Semitism on the rise in Europe, and how did Zionism react to it?

the appearance of new-right wing politics based on racism added an ugly note to an already exsisting anxieites. a revival of racism combined with extreme nationalism to produce a new right wring politics aimed at jews. anti-semitism was not new to European Civilizations jews were blamed and persucuted for killing Christ and have been subjected to mob violence. About 25000 jews moved to Palestine to join the Zionism movement, the Jewish create a nationalist movement and returned to palestine, the land of of ancient israel. National ideas spread and the idea of national independence captured the imagination of some jews. The key figure in the political growth of this was Theodor Herzl.

What caused Russia to experience a revolution in 1905?

they did not have a good military or military leaders, russia was suffering from starvation, and the people wanted the czar to step down. Czar Alexander II began his reign in 1855 when Russia was defeated by Britain, France and Piedmont in the Crimean War. He thought that the chief reason for Russian defeat was her backward economic and social system -- most of the labour force were serfs who were ignorant and superstitious. In order to strengthen the dynasty, he decided to carry out a number of reforms to modernize the archaic institutions of Russia.The main theme of the Russian history in the 19th century is that the non-noble classes asked for an improvement in their wretched and poor conditions of life. When the Czarist government failed to do so, they revolted for the first time in 1905 and then for the second time in 1917, by which Czardom was finally overthrown. The causes of the 1905 Revolution went far back into Russian history. It was the product of more than a century of discontent and the discontent grew more rapidly after 1861.

Zulu Resistance

warriors in south africa, fought the british; unsuccessful Early 1800s British took over South Africa from Dutch - forcefully... this forced many Boers to move northward during the 1830s - engaging in continual fighting w/ the Zulu; by 1870s Zulus were engagin Brits in war - superior weaponry crushed Zulu by 1879 In the 1830s, Boers moved into the interior of South Africa. They wanted to engage in conflicts with the Zulu. The battles between the two continued well into the 19th century though the Zulu were never really threatened. Nonetheless, the Zulu came in conflict with the British whom were extending their control over Africa and invading the homeland of the Zulu. Despite the early victories of the Zulu, the technology and vast resources at the command of the British strongly overpowered them.

Moroccan crises (1905, 1911)

was an international crisis between March 1905 and May 1906 over the status of Morocco. The crisis worsened German relations with both France and the United Kingdom, and helped ensure the success of the new Anglo-French Entente.n March 31, 1905, Kaiser William II of Germany landed at Tangier, Morocco and conferred with representatives of Sultan Abdelaziz of Morocco.[1] The Kaiser proceeded to tour the city on the back of a white horse. The Kaiser declared he had come to support the sovereignty of the Sultan—a statement which amounted to a provocative challenge to French influence in Morocco. The Sultan subsequently rejected a set of French-proposed governmental reforms and issued invitations to major world powers to a conference which would advise him on necessary reforms.

How did imperialism affect the people in colonized areas?

western industrial powers divided up the region in search of raw materials, new markets, and Christian converts Foreign countries took over land with Aboriginal people and saturated their land with European culture, overriding their practices, way of life, religion and land/houses. Western countries benefited economically (larger market) and they obviously gained more power and control.