ap gov all missed questions/more difficult questions

A writ of habeas corpus refers to A a person's right to know the reasons for his or her imprisonment B a person's right to not be charged for an action committed before that action was a crime C a person's right to trial by jury D the protection against cruel and unusual punishment E a demand from one state to extradite a suspect from another state

A a person's right to know the reasons for his or her imprisonment

Federal budget entitlements refer to spending A to provide individual benefits established by legislation B by legislators on trips to home states to confer with constituents C by congressional staff while traveling on official business D on behalf of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness E targeted to benefit residents of specific congressional districts

A to provide individual benefits established by legislation

Which of the following explanations describes the impact of Jill Stein's candidacy on the 2016 election as depicted by the data in the bar graph and your knowledge of presidential elections? A. Jill Stein's supporters preferred Hillary Clinton to Donald Trump, hurting the Clinton campaign. B. Many of Jill Stein's supporters voted for Donald Trump because they believed that Stein was unlikely to win. C. Jill Stein raised money from political action committees that would have supported Hillary Clinton, draining resources from the Clinton campaign. D. The media gave disproportionate attention to Jill Stein, which led to a decline in voter turnout for those who supported Hillary Clinton.

A. Jill Stein's supporters preferred Hillary Clinton to Donald Trump, hurting the Clinton campaign. Correct. The bar graph shows that Jill Stein's supporters preferred Hillary Clinton by a wide margin, which hurt the Clinton campaign by siphoning away voters.

Which of the following explains an action Congress can take that would have the most influence on the data on the graphs? A Members of Congress can increase congressional salaries, but only for the next Congress. B Congress can pass legislation that changes the federal salary structure. C Congress can cut funding for federal programs, which would lead to a decrease in salaries. D Congress can enforce a regulation that addresses wage increases.

B Congress can pass legislation that changes the federal salary structure.

Cabinet departments differ from independent regulatory agencies in which of the following ways? A The President can use an executive order to create a cabinet department but not to create an independent regulatory agency. B The President can dismiss cabinet officers, but not commissioners of independent regulatory agencies. C The President seeks appointees who reflect administration views in making cabinet appointments but not in making appointments to independent regulatory agencies. D Through the appropriations process, Congress can exert control over the cabinet departments but not over independent regulatory agencies. E The courts can overrule regulations issued by cabinet departments, but not those issued by independent regulatory agencies.

B The President can dismiss cabinet officers, but not commissioners of independent regulatory agencies.

All of the following issues were decided at the Constitutional Convention EXCEPT A representation in the legislature B voting qualifications of the electorate C method of electing the President D congressional power to override a presidential veto E qualifications for members of the House and Senate

B voting qualifications of the electorate

If Congress wanted to effect a change in the Social Security payroll tax, to what congressional committee would the task initially be assigned? A House Appropriations Committee B Senate Appropriations Committee C House Ways and Means Committee D House Rules Committee E Senate Finance Committee

C House Ways and Means Committee

Civil rights activists, such as those who campaign for gay and lesbian equal rights and those who advocated for racial equality in the 1950s and 1960s, often find the most effective way to secure those rights is A through mass demonstrations to raise awareness of their cause B through lobbying of individual members of Congress for support on legislation C through litigation in the courts to gain legal protections against discrimination D by launching educational campaigns to increase the level of public support for their cause E by persuading presidents to issue executive orders that prevent discrimination within the federal workforce

C through litigation in the courts to gain legal protections against discrimination

All of the following statements pertaining to the presidential veto are true EXCEPT: A. Congress overrides fewer than ten percent of presidential vetoes. B. A vetoed bill is often revised and passed in another form. C. Presidents often threaten to veto bills to increase their leverage with Congress. D. A President may veto part of a bill. E. Congress often places provisions the President wants into a bill the President dislikes to make a veto less likely.

D. A President may veto part of a bill.

Which of the following is the most likely result of the changes in voter registration rates illustrated in the table? A. An increase in the percentage of voters who support third-party candidates B. The adoption of a system of fines and punishments for not voting in elections C. Higher voter turnout during midterm congressional elections D. An increase in the number of African American members of Congress from Georgia

D. An increase in the number of African American members of Congress from Georgia Correct. African American candidates tend to have greater electoral success when more African Americans are registered to vote.

All of the following are formal or informal sources of presidential power EXCEPT A presidential authority to raise revenue B presidential access to the media C precedents set during previous administrations D public support E the Constitution

A presidential authority to raise revenue

Much of the steady increase in federal government expenditures since 1960 has been caused by A. increases in entitlement programs B. higher interest rates caused by an increase in the discount rate C. the provisions of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act D. increased purchases of United States government securities by foreign investors E. the growth of the United States trade imbalance

A. increases in entitlement programs

A major reason why the majority of Supreme Court justices have had political experience prior to appointment to the Court is that A. justices are expected to act like politicians in their decision-making B. Presidents seek to place individuals on the Court whose policy views are similar to their own C. the Senate will refuse to confirm any nominee to the Court who is not familiar with the political process D. appointment to the Supreme Court is a reward for political party loyalty E. the Court is expected to defer to the political branches in making its decisions

B. Presidents seek to place individuals on the Court whose policy views are similar to their own

Which of the following statements draws an accurate comparison from the information graphic? A. The Nixon "Boomer" generation was far more likely to vote Democrat when they were eighteen year olds than the Truman "Silent" generation. B. The Ford/Carter "Boomer" generation has voted more consistently Republican than has the Bush/Obama "Millennial" generation. C. The Roosevelt "Greatest" generation voted Democrat in 2000 but voted Republican in 2006. D. The Reagan/Bush "Gen X" generation voted more consistently with the national average than did the Nixon "Boomer" generation.

B. The Ford/Carter "Boomer" generation has voted more consistently Republican than has the Bush/Obama "Millennial" generation. Correct. This statement is true. The Ford/Carter "Boomer" generation voted Republican seven times compared with the national average, while the Bush/Obama "Millennial" generation only voted for Democrats when compared with the national average.

"Finally, there are the legal and moral arguments. Health care is considered a human right in every other developed nation. By not providing Medicare to all Americans, the government is not providing equal protection under the law: those with Medicare have more protection against the devastating effects of illness and injury, get more help overcoming or living with disabilities, and are protected against financial ruin. People say that single-payer would cost too much. Not true. We could provide health care for all our citizens for no more than we are currently spending on our very dysfunctional, fragmented and unfair system. How is this possible? Currently almost half of every health care dollar is spent on something other than health care: profit for insurance companies; multi-million-dollar salaries of their CEOs; money spent on advertising, processing (and rejecting) claims; and creating mountains of paperwork and endless hassles for doctors and patients." Dr. Ann Toy, Marin Voice, August 27, 2018. Which of the following most likely explains how the views of moderates would be affected by this passage? A. The passage might convince a moderate to support a single-payer system and passage of a constitutional amendment that allows Congress to create a single-payer health-care system. B. The passage might convince a moderate to oppose a single-payer system of health care and contact their representatives in Congress to indicate their opposition. C. The passage might convince a moderate to oppose a single-payer system of health care and vote for a member of Congress who supports defunding Medicare entirely. D. The passage might convince a moderate to support a single-payer system of health care and a proposal that would double income taxes to pay for it.

B. The passage might convince a moderate to oppose a single-payer system of health care and contact their representatives in Congress to indicate their opposition. Correct. A moderate who would oppose single-payer health care would be most likely to take the least drastic action when voicing their opposition, such as contacting their member of Congress to voice their opposition.

In selecting members of the White House staff, Presidents primarily seek people who A. give the White House ideological balance B. are personally loyal to the President C. have extensive governmental experience D. will help the President develop a good working relationship with Congress E. can bring a nonpartisan perspective to policy deliberations

B. are personally loyal to the President

Federal benefits that must be funded by Congress and must be paid to all citizens who meet eligibility criteria are called A. discretionary appropriations B. individual entitlements C. tax expenditures D. distributive benefits E. continuing appropriations

B. individual entitlements

Even with large majorities of their own party in Congress, presidents experience difficulty in exercising legislative leadership because A. the president must compete against state governors for influence B. the weak nature of political parties hampers the president's ability to control Congress C. the president's use of the veto is ineffective with Congress D. individual members of Congress attract greater publicity when challenging the president E. the president seldom addresses the same issues as members of Congress

B. the weak nature of political parties hampers the president's ability to control Congress

According to the bar graph, which of the following statements is true about the influence of parents on the political orientation of their children? A. About 50% of children whose parents are both Democrats will become Independent/Non-partisan. B. When both parents are Democrat, their child is likely to become Independent/Non-partisan. C. About 25% of children whose parents are both Republican will become Independent/Non-partisan. D. When both parents are Republican, their child will not become a Democrat.

C. About 25% of children whose parents are both Republican will become Independent/Non-partisan. Correct. According to the data in the bar graph, even if both parents are Republican, there is a 25% chance that their children will become Independent/Non-partisan rather than becoming Republican.

Which of the following is an example of a power exclusively granted to the Senate in Article II of the Constitution? A. Declaring war B. Overriding a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority veto C. Confirming ambassadors D. Creating spending bills

C. Confirming ambassadors Correct. This is a power of only the Senate found in Article II, Section 2, of the Constitution. The president gets to appoint ambassadors, but only the Senate can confirm their appointments.

A large national survey of young Americans recently released by CIRCLE shows young Obama and Romney voters had strikingly similar levels of political knowledge. The survey also shows a clear relationship between respondents' high school civics education experiences and their knowledge of campaign issues and political participation in the 2012 presidential election. However, taking high school civics had little or no relationship with young adults' choice between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney. "Young people who recalled experiencing more high-quality civic education practices in schools were more likely to vote, to form political opinions, to know campaign issues, and to know general facts about the US political system," said Peter Levine, director of CIRCLE. "Civics education was not related to partisanship or choice of candidate. These results should allay political concerns about civic education being taught in schools." Source: CIRCLE, 2013. Which of the following concepts is most closely related to the passage? A. Public opinion polling B. Partisanship C. Political socialization D. Ideology

C. Political socialization Correct. The passage relates to the concept of political socialization and how students develop political knowledge and attitudes about governmental processes.

Which of the following best illustrates the point being made in the cartoon above? A. The influence of presidents on the Supreme Court is limited because the Senate often rejects their nominees. B. The terms of Supreme Court justices should be reduced from their current forty years. C. Presidents can have an influence on public policy far beyond their terms of office. D. The opinions of Supreme Court justices remain very similar over long periods of time. E. Supreme Court justices seldom issue dissenting opinions.

C. Presidents can have an influence on public policy far beyond their terms of office.

The idea that judges ought to freely strike down laws that are inconsistent with their understanding of the Constitution is known as A. original intent B. judicial restraint C. judicial activism D. judicial review E. stare decisis

C. judicial activism

Debate of a bill in the House of Representatives under a "closed rule" means that A the bill can only be amended by section B debate on the bill will consist of five-minute speeches, pro and con C only senior members are allowed to participate D amendments to the bill cannot be offered E the bill must be approved by two-thirds of the House

D amendments to the bill cannot be offered