AP GOV - CHAPTER 4

The text of the Fourteenth Amendment says

"nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

Between 1976 and 2014, state governments executed people.

1,439

During the Founding era, ________ were the strongest supporters of adding a bill of rights to the Constitution.

Antifederalists

The Bill of Rights was adopted because the

Antifederalists demanded it as the price of ratification of the Constitution.

________ are areas of personal freedom with which governments are constrained from interfering.

Civil liberties

________ prevent(s) people from being tried twice for the same crime.

Double jeopardy

The right to remain silent is guaranteed by the ________ Amendment.

Fifth

"Due process of law" is generally defined by the ________ amendments.

Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth

A woman's constitutional right to privacy was established in

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965).

Which of the following is true about the Bill of Rights?

It includes the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

The exclusionary rule was applied to all levels of government by the Supreme Court in which case?

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

The requirement that a person under arrest be informed of his or her right to remain silent is known as the ________ rule.

Miranda

The right to legal counsel in a criminal proceeding is guaranteed by the ________ Amendment.

Sixth

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the Fourteenth Amendment?

The Fourteenth Amendment forced state governments to abide by almost every provision in the Bill of Rights, but the process took over 100 years.

Which of the following statements about high school students in public schools is most accurate?

The Supreme Court has ruled that high school students have conditionally protected speech that can be constitutionally regulated under certain circumstances.

Why did the Supreme Court rule that the Communications Decency Act was unconstitutional?

The act attempted to protect children by suppressing speech that adults have a constitutional right to receive.

Why was New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) significant?

The justices ruled that a newspaper had to print false and malicious material deliberately in order to be guilty of libel.

__________states have statutes providing for capital punishment, while _____ states have statutes banning the death penalty.

Thirty-one; 19

________ argued that there was a "wall of separation" between church and state.

Thomas Jefferson

In EEOC v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, Inc.(2015), the Supreme Court ruled that

Title VII of the U.S. Code prevents retail stores from refusing to hire Muslim women who wear head scarves in violation of company dress policies.

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) and Roe v. Wade (1973) have been extremely important in the development of

a constitutional right to privacy.

Habeas corpus refers to

a court order demanding that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause for detention.

What is a grand jury?

a jury that determines whether there is enough evidence to justify a trial

McDonald v. Chicago (2010) was significant because it

applied the Second Amendment to state governments.

Miranda v. Arizona (1966) was important because it produced rules that must be used

by the police before questioning an arrested criminal suspect.

In West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette (1943), the Supreme Court ruled that

children cannot be required to salute the flag if it violates their religious faith.

The first test for determining when the government may intervene to suppress political speech was called the ________ test.

clear and present danger

The Eighth Amendment prohibits

cruel and unusual punishment.

The ________ rule forbids the introduction in trial of any piece of evidence that has been obtained illegally.

exclusionary

The constitutional basis for the nationalization of the Bill of Rights is the ________ Amendment.

fourteenth

The ________ clause of the First Amendment protects an individual's right to believe and practice whatever religion he or she chooses.

free exercise

The rights to assembly and petition are guaranteed by the same amendment that guarantees

free speech

Conflicts over whether public schools should be allowed to assign readings from the Bible and lead nondenominational prayers are examples of disagreements over the

meaning of the establishment clause.

Which of the following forms of speech receives the greatest level of First Amendment protection?

political speech that stops short of inciting violence

What was Justice Potter Stewart talking about when he declared, "I know it when I see it"?

pornography

The term eminent domain describes the

power of the government to seize private property for public use.

If the government stopped the New York Times from releasing the transcripts of cell phone conversations between world leaders, it would be called

prior restraint

The Supreme Court case New York Times v. United States (1971) was related to which First Amendment concept?

prior restraint

The Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth amendments are largely about

protections for those accused of committing crimes.

In Riley v. California (2014), the Supreme Court

ruled that police are constitutionally prohibited from seizing and searching the digital contents of a cell phone during an arrest.

The process by which the Supreme Court has expanded specific parts of the Bill of Rights to protect citizens against state and federal actions is called

selective incorporation

The judicial doctrine that places a heavy burden of proof on the government when it seeks to regulate speech is called

strict scutiny

The so-called wall of separation between church and state is best found in which clause of the Constitution?

the establishment clause

Members of Congress have frequently proposed a constitutional amendment to make flag burning a crime because

the only way to overturn the Supreme Court's ruling that flag burning is protected speech is through a constitutional amendment.

When New York Times reporter Judith Miller was jailed in 2005, it illustrated that

the press has no constitutional right to withhold information in court.

The Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution deals with

the right to bear arms.

Freedom of speech and of the press have a special place in the American system because

they were the last provisions in the Bill of Rights to be incorporated through the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) established the right

to legal counsel in felony cases.

The Fourth Amendment protects citizens against

unreasonable searches and seizures.