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AP Gov Midterm

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Another name for a law passed by Congress is a(n) a. regulation b. bill c. congressional statute d. budgetary choice e. presidential actions.

Which of the following is an example of a confederation? A. OPEC B. Britain C. France D. State governments in the United States E. The United Nations

Which of the following is an example of a linkage institution? a. political parties b. interest groups c. the presidency d. all of the above e. both a and b

Which of the following is an example of a newsweekly? A. Newsweek B. Time C. The New york Times D. All of the above E. A and B

The Annapolis meeting in 1787 produced the first real reform of the Articles of Confederation.

False

The three-fifths compromise at the Constitutional Convention resolved delegates' differences over the issue of state representation.

False

"Yellow Journalism" refers to a style of reporting that A. focuses on the personal lives of public figures and elected officials. B. focuses on violence, corruption, wars, and gossip, often without regard for the truth. C. fails to cover "tough stories" out of fear of retribution. D. is overshadowed by corporate greed. E. exposes the weaknesses of political leaders.

A majority of present day journalists believe that the most important thing that the media do or try to do is A. get information quickly to the public B. investigative claims made by the government. C. discuss national policy D. motivate people to get involved in politics. E. provide entertainment

Abraham Lincoln announced in his 1861 inaugural address that he would willingly support a constitutional amendment to A. outlaw slavery B. guarantee slavery C. prohibit states from seceding from the Union D. return the United States to a confederation, with greater powers given to the states E. establish the United States as a unitary system, where states would have to obey all national government decisions.

According to Michael Delli Carpini and Scott Keeter, all of the following are strong reasons for staying informed about political affairs EXCEPT a. promoting active participation in politics b. easing the burden placed on journalist and media organizations charged with educating the public c. helping citizens identify policies that will benefit them. d. fostering civic virtue e. helping citizens incorporate policy information into their voting behavior

According to the 2000 census, what percentage of the nation's population is constituted by immigrants? A. five B. eleven C. eight D. twenty-five

Almost all definitions of political parties have which of the following in common? a. parties have a mass following b. parties try to win elections c. parties are run by elites d. parties have limited policy agendas e. parties have formal organizations

An issue that became controversial regarding the 1990 census was A. the overcount of urbanites B. the undercount of minority groups C. cost of the census D. inclusion of immigrants E. none of the above

*Chapter 1*

*Chapter 10*

*Chapter 2*

*Chapter 3*

*Chapter 6*

*Chapter 7*

*Chapter 8*

*Chapter 9*

The principle that, in a democracy, choosing among alternatives requires the majority's desire to be respected is called a. majority rule b. minority rights c. representation d. enlightened understanding e. pluralism

According to the text, Ronald Reagan's presidency what characterized by A. more concern and energy devoted to the president's media appearances than in any other administration. B. attempts to avoid media appearances by the president. C. Reagan's frequent false statements, which were later documented by reporters to either errors or deliberate lies. D. a number of spontaneous media appearances by the president designed to take advantage of his Hollywood experience. E. considerable animosity between the media and the administration.

A political party's statement of its goals and policies for the next four years is called a a. party platform b. partisan position c. ideology d. world review e. candidate scoreboard

A primary difference between President Clinton and President G.W. Bush is that a. Clinton favored widening the scope of government; Bush favored narrowing it b. Bush wanted to cut the federal workforce; Clinton wanted to expand it. c. Clinton believed in socialism; Bush in individualism d. Bush favored widening the scope of government; Clinton favored narrowing it. e. Clinton believed that people, not government, should make important decisions about matters such as health care; Bush believed that government, not the people, should make important decision about matters such as health care.

A same-sex marriage license issued in one state is valid and honored in all states under the constitutional provision of A. full faith and credit B. National supremacy C. privileges and immunities D. national licensure E. separation of powers.

A sensational style of reporting emphasizing corruption, war, violence, and gossip is A. yellow journalism B. blue journalism C. red journalism D. technological journalism E. biased journalism

A(n) ___________ is a party's official selection of a candidate to run for office. a. nomination b. endorsement c. appointment d. imprimatur e. conversion

After the American Revolution, economic issues moved to the top of the political agenda because A. a postwar depression hurt small farmers and many others B. slaver was growing increasingly economically unstable C. banks across the country faced a series of foreclosures. D. state legislatures started a vigorous campaign of debt collection. E. a period of tremendous economic prosperity began.

After the American Revolution, under the Articles of Confederation, power in the states began to shift from __________ to ___________. A. wealthy individuals; middle class B. the middle class; a handful of wealthy individuals C. cities; countryside D. countryside; cities E. the east coast; the western frontier

American political parties tend to take middle-of-the-road stand on major issues a. because most of the AMerican electorate are centrist b. in spite of evidence that more extreme positions generate more excitement and likelihood for electoral victory. c. while the public tends to have stronger opinions. d. only because the party's candidates are so afraid of alienating those on different sides of issues. e. because most of the American electorate do not have political opinions.

An electoral system in which legislative seats are awarded only to the candidates who come in first their constituencies is called a ___________ system. a. winner-take-all b. proportional c. republican d. liberal e. democratic

Andrew Jackson was the first president identified as a(n) a. democrat b. independent c. republican d. whig e. democratic-republican

Federalism is a way of organizing a nation so that A. both national and state levels of government have some authority over the same land and people. B. Power is centralized in the national government. C. Power is centralized in state and local governments. D. There is one federal government and all regional governments are administered subunits of it. E. There are three branches of government and a system of checks and balances.

For most newspapers in medium-sized cities and small towns, their principal source for reporting national and world news is A. the Associated Press B. USA Today C. The New York Times D. Cable News Network E. the Washington Post

Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst were A. turn-of-the-century newspaper magnates B. senators from New York C. strong opponents of yellow journalism D. presidential candidates E. inventors of the printing press.

Lock believed that government must be built A. on consent of the governed B. on laws given by the king C. on laws of the previous government D. on the continuity of government, thus all efforts to overthrow a government are treason E. on the morals of the rule

Newspapers published by massive media conglomerates accounting for over four-fifths of the nation's daily newspaper circulation called A. chains B. associated press outlets C. trial balloons D. narrowcasters E. broadcasters

On the whole, federal grant distribution follows the principle of A. universalism B. needs-testing C. to the victors go the spoils D. stinginess E. cronyism

One president who was particularly successful in playing to the media was A. Ronald Reagan B. Jimmy Carter C. Thomas Jefferson D. George H. W. Bush E. Richard Nixon

Only the national government is allowed to A. regulate commerce with foreign nations. B. Make and enforce laws C. levy taxes D. to take private property for public purposes. E. all of the above

PAC stands for a. political action committee b. politically active consistency c. party affairs council d. partisan assistance commission e. policy advisory committee

Providing select information and request for money to lists of people who have supported candidates of similar views in the past is a frequently used political technique known as a. direct mail b. conversion c. soft money d. caucusing e. fundraising

Public opinion polls are only estimates because A. all surveys have a sampling error. B. pollsters sometimes have to make educated guesses about the results. C. random digit dialing has replaced person-to-person interviewing D. samples of fewer than one million people are too small. E. samples are not representative.

Random sampling in public opinion polling operates on the principle that A. everyone should have an equal probability of being selected B. the larger the number of people who are polled, the greater accuracy of the poll. C. the questions to be asked of a given respondent must be selected randomly so that all respondents are asked the same question the same number of times. D. the answers to include in aggregate poll results must be selected by chance in order to maximize accuracy. E. Both B and C

Random sampling is considered A. the key to the accuracy of opinion polls B. desireable, but not necessary, for an accurate poll of public opinion. C. a dangerous way to measure public opinion. D. an unsophisticated way of measuring public opinion, but one that sometimes yields accurate results. E. highly unreliable, but the cheapest way to measure public opinion.

Since Kennedy, A. news coverage of presidential candidates has become increasingly less favorable. B. coverage of issues in presidential campaigns has increased dramatically. C. the news media have reduced their coverage of presidential candidates. D. emphasis of campaign reporting has changed dramatically from "why" to a simpler, descriptive " what" format. E. the amount of news coverage of presidential candidates has increased dramatically.

Since the 1960's, which kind of party is on the upswing? a. state parties b. open primary parties c. party machines d. city parties e. national parties

State governments hold few or no powers under which form of government? A. unitary B. federal C. confederate D. both A and B E. both B and C

The "party in government" refers to a. winning candidates who become the main spokespersons for the party that nominated them. b. registered party voters who hold civil service jobs in the government and are influencing policy. c. party workers who hold patronage jobs in government and can influence policy. d. coalitions of interests and ideologies that support a party's candidates. e. party members who perpetuate the party, make its rules, and keep it running.

The Constitution's supremacy clause A. made the Constitution, the laws of the national government, and the national government's treaties that supreme law of the land. B. is vague about which level of government should prevail in a dispute involving federalism. C gives the states superiority over the national government's Constitution and laws D. makes the president supreme in any constitutional conflicts with the other two branches. E. does not apply to state and local matters.

The National Defense Education Act, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, and the Interstate Highway System are all examples of A. cooperative federalism B. unitary federalism C. layer cake federalism D. triangulation E. dual federalism

The New Hampshire primary is important because a. it is the first primary b. New Hampshire is a particularly typical state c. it involve the first caucuses d. New Hampshire has a very large number of delegates e. it is the primary held closest to the time of the convention

The Republicans emerged as a powerful political party in the a. 1850s b. 1820s c. 1890s d. 1930s e. 1790s

The Supreme Court case of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) A. stated that the Constitution gave Congress implied powers B. recognized that Congress was limited to its enumerated powers. C. established the supremacy of state governments D. established the principle of judicial review. E. established Baltimore as the capital of Maryland

The ___________, offered as a proposal at the Constitutional Convention, called for giving each state in Congress representation in proportion to the state's share of the population. A. Virginia Plan B. New York Plan C. Rhode Island Plan D. Connecticut Plan E. New Jersey Plan

The first party system (1796-1824) was characterized by a. the dominance of the democratic-republican party b. the dominance of the republican party c. the dominance of the presidency by the Federalist party d. the dominance of the northern capitalist states e. professional politicians running for office

The first party system in the United States consisted of the a. federalist and democratic-republicans b. democrats and whigs c. democratic-republicans and whigs d. federalists and whigs e. democrats and republicans

The last federalist president was a. John Adams b. Abraham Lincoln c. Alexander Hamilton d. Thomas Jefferson e. Andre Jackson

The most recent wave of immigration since World War II has consisted primarily of A. Hispanics and Asians B. northwestern Europeans C. Africans D. southern and eastern Europeans E. refugees from communist countries

The nation's most influential newspaper and its unofficial "newspaper of record" is A. The New York Times B. Congressional Quarterly C. the Wall Street Journal D. the Washington Post E. USA Today

The power to directly regulate such things as drinking age, marriage and divorce, and sexual behavior has been granted A. to state governments B. to the president C. to the national government D. to all governments by the Bill of Rights. E. to both the state and national governments.

The principle of the supremacy of federal law over the state law was affirmed in A. McCulloch v. Maryland B. Marbury v. Madison C. the presidential election of 1804 D. the Tenth Amendment E. United States v. Darby

The theory that argues that group competition results in a rough approximation of the public interest in public policy is a. pluralist theory b. bureaucratic theory c. balance of power theory d. elite and class theory e. hyperpluralist theory

Which of the following characteristics do NOT apply to the 55 delegates who convened the Constitutional Convention? A. most were residents of western frontiers B. they were mostly wealthy planters C. a significant number were urbanites. D. many were college graduates E. they were all men

Which of the following does NOT, in general, describe the "Gentlemen in Philadelphia"? A. western B. college educated C. successful D. wealthy E. an "Assembly of demigods," according to Thomas Jefferson.

Which of the following is TRUE about most liberals in American politics? A. they believe we should guard carefully the rights of defendants in criminal cases. B. they are supportive of prayer in public schools C. they oppose abortion D. they favor keeping taxes and government spending low. E. none of the above

Which of the following is an example of a 527 group? a. MoveOn.org b. EggPac c. JohnKerry.com d. The Republican Party of Iowa e. The Democratic Party of New Hampshire

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Government in the U.S. does more than governments of similar countries b. Compared to most other economically developed nations, the U.S. devotes a smaller percentage of its resources to government c. The U.S., more than western European democracies, prefers limited government and free markets d. Most advanced industrialized democracies have a system of national health insurance; the U.S. does not. e. Both C and D

Which of the following statements is False? A. Between 1950 and 2000, the size of California's House representation increased from 23 to 53 seats. B. Between 1950 and 2000, the size of California's House representation declined from 53 to 23 seats. C .Between 195- and 2000, the size of New York's House representation increased by one-third. D. Both B and C E. Both A and B

Which of the following statements is NOT true of age and political knowledge? a. young people in 2004 are more knowledgeable than older Americans. b. in 1964, there was virtually no relationship between age and political knowledge c. in 1964, Americans under the age of 30 ranked higher on measures of political knowledge than did senior citizens. d. young people in 2004 are less knowledgeable than older Americans. e. in 2004, young people gave fewer correct answers to political knowledge questions than did older Americans

Which of the following statements represents John Locke's understanding of the relationship between natural rights and human law? A. Natural rights are higher than, that is superior to, human law. B. Natural rights are less important than human law C. Human law is the source of natural rights. D. Human laws protects property rights, making human law the equivalent to natural rights E. Human law and natural rights are equivalent

Which principle of traditional democracy theory is violated in circumstances in which the wealthy have influence far exceeding what would be expected based on their numbers? a. citizen control of agenda b. equality in voting c. enlightened understanding d. inclusion e. effective participation

Who created the first National Bank and, with it, the beginnings of our party system? a. Alexander Hamilton b. John Adams c. Thomas Jefferson d. Andre Jackson e. James Madison

Who said America "is not merely a nation but a nation of nations"? A. John F. Kennedy B. George W. Bush C. Ronald Reagan D. Bill Clinton E. Franklin D. Roosevelt

Who was described by the New York Times as "in league with the devil"? a. William Jennings Bryan b. Abraham Lincoln c. William McKinley d. Dred Scott e. Hannibal Hamlin

Conservatives would tend to favor each of the following EXCEPT A. free-market solutions B. affirmative action C. the right to life D. low taxes E. increased military spending

Critics of a national primary argue that a. the media would have little impact b. no candidate would receive majority, thus a run-off election would be needed c. the campaign would be lengthened d. obscure candidates would receive too much of an advantage. e. all of the above

Critics of polling think A. the public's opinion should not be taken into account. B. it makes politicians more concerned with following than leading. C. it gives politicians the wrong information D. it could lead to a tyranny of the majority. E. both B and D

Critics of primaries and caucuses contend that the presidential "kingmakers" are now a. party bosses b. the media c. the few who vote in caucuses and primaries d. state party organizations e. interest groups

Each of the following is an important function of the national party convention EXCEPT a. get the campaign rolling b. select members of the Electoral College c. choose a vice presidential candidate d. develop a party's policy positions e. nominate a candidate for president

Each party holds a national convention every a. year b. four years c. two years d. five years e. six years

Federal policies regulate food and drugs, build interstate highways, protect consumers, try to clean up dirty air and water, and do many other things are all justified as _____________ of Congress. A. reserved powers B. implied powers C. categorical grants D. constitutionally specified powers E. enumerated powers

Free speech and a free press are essential to which principle of traditional democracy theory? a. effective participation b. enlightened understanding c. inclusion d. equality in voting e. citizen control of the agenda

In a famous, televised speech in 1952 to save his vice presidential candidacy, ___________ denied having received illegal gifts and payments, and declared that the family dog, Checkers, though a gift, would not be returned. A. John Sparkman B. Richard Nixon C. Dwight Eisenhower D. Lyndon Johnson E. Spiro Agnew

In addition to Lockean thought, the Declaration of Independence also drew heavily on a tradition called ___________, which stressed opposition to executive power, equality, moral virtues, and patriotism. A. radicalism B. republicanism C. voluntarism D. agrarianism E. liberalism

In blanket primaries, a. only voters who have registered in advance with the party can vote b. voters may vote for candidates from either party c. voters may vote for multiple candidates d. voters may choose on election day which party primary they want to participate in e. none of the above

In determining the power of Congress to regulate commerce in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), the Supreme Court A. defined commerce very narrowly in considering the right of Congress to regulate it. B. defined commerce very broadly, encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity. C. listed the implied powers of Congress and the national government. D. prohibited Congress from regulating business activity on the grounds it violated private property rights. E. listed the enumerated powers of Congress and the national government.

In public opinion polling, a sample as small as about ___________ people can faithfully represent the "universe" of Americans. A. 50,000 B. 1,500 C. 5,000 D. 10,000 E. 20,000

In the Constitution, the powers to coin money, to enter into treaties, and to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states were given to A. the senate only B. the national government C. neither the individual states nor the national government D. the individual states E. both the individual states and the national government

Many political scientists see Americans as ideological conservatives but A. politically naive B. operational liberals C. politically impotent D. actually liberals E. liberals when it comes to issues such as the national defense

Party realignments in the United States a. occur when a party makes dramatic changes in its positions on issues b. are rare events in the United States, usually associated with a major national crisis or trauma, in which one party's majority domination is replaced with another's c. happen after most presidential elections, and occasionally in-between d. involve the death of one party and the birth of a brand new one e. are slight adjustments of political allegiance among voters in at least one region of the country

People gradually moving away from both parties is referred to as a. coalition politics b. dealignment c. alignment d. partisan drift e. realignment

Pluralist theory suggests that, in the United States a. too many influential groups cripple government's ability to govern. b. many groups vie for power with no one group dominating politics. c. Congress is stronger and more influential than the presidency. d. because most citizens fail to pay attention to serious issues, government has become an elite institution. e. society is governed by an upper-class elite.

Precinct-level presidential caucuses a. have absolutely nothing to do with choosing delegates to the major party's national nominating conventions. b. choose delegates to county caucuses/conventions where delegates to the state convention are selected, then the state convention chooses national convention delegates. c. determine how many votes that state will cast for each of the presidential candidates at the national convention. d. directly choose national convention delegates e. choose delegates to state conventions where delegates to the national convention are selected.

Public policy a. is not relevant unless it is coupled with political culture b. includes all decisions and nondecisions made by government c. only relates to democracies d. is specifically defined as government action e. none of the above

Richard Nixon believed he lost the 1960 presidential election because A. news coverage of his campaign was consistently biased against him. B. he was sweating and had ugly beard stubble during a debate with Kennedy. C. the Cuban Missile Crisis stole media attention from his campaign. D. of voter fraud in New York City E. of Kennedy's dramatic pledge not to raise taxes.

Right after the American Revolution, a dramatic change swept through the new country resulting in a(n) A. explosion in prosperity B. dramatic increase in democracy and freedom C. population shift from the cities to the country D. population shift from the country to the cities E. full-scale industrialization

Scientific public opinion polling was first begun in 1932 by A. the Associated Press B. George Gallup C. Louis Harris D. Henry Luce E the Democreation Party

Soft money is a. cash contributions that are not traceable in some situations illegal b. money donated to parties rather than candidates, thus not subject to contribution or spending limits c. small donations that, while important to a campaign, are not as important as larger contributions d. money loaned to a campaign, but expected to be paid back e. money donated by a person to his or her own campaign.

Standard operating procedures in cooperative federalism include each of the following EXCEPT A. shared administration B. federal funding with no strings attached C. categorical and block grants D. shared costs E. federal guidelines

The Connecticut Compromise at the Constitutional Convention A. threw out the idea of having a monarch in the United States, opting instead for an indirectly elected president. B. resolved the impasse between those who favored the New Jersey Plan and those who preferred the Virginia Plan C. settled the dispute about whether slaver should be permitted in the final Constitution D. added the Bill of Rights to the Constitution in order to lessen concerns about too much power for the new government. E. involved all of these elements

The basic principles of traditional democratic theory include all of the following EXCEPT a. equality in voting b. government control of information c. effective participation d. citizen control of the agenda e. inclusion

The final major event of each party's national convention, during the last hour or so on the fourth and final night, is the a. inaugural ball and champagne party to honor the new nominee. b. acceptance speech by the presidential candidate c. roll-call vote for the presidential nomination d. keynote speech e. adoption of the party platform

The idea that there must be restrictions on rules is known as A. natural law B. limited government C. a confederation D. american republicanism E. the consent of the governed

The indigenous American republicanism that formed in the eighteenth century is made up of all these ideas EXCEPT A. the equality of independent citizens B. the promotion of common property C. relations based on natural merit. D. patriotism E. high moral virtue

The key of the accuracy of public opinion polls is A. the larger the size of the sample, the better B. random sampling C. polygraphs D. political ideology E. sampling error

The key spokespersons for political parties come from which of its major components? a. the party in the electorate b. the party in government c. the party out of power d. the party as an organization e. the leaders of the party organization

The largest racial/ethnic group in the United States is A. Asian Americans B. Hispanics C. Native Americans D. African Americans E. African Americans and Hispanics are tied in size.

The member of a presidential campaign who deals with federal regulation of campaign financing and compliance with all campaign laws is the a. campaign consultant b. campaign counsel c. press secretary d. pollster e. campaign manager

The most liberal religious group in America is A. the Protestants B. the Jews C. the Muslims D. the Christian Right E. the Catholics

The principal type of federal aid for states and localities is A. block grants B. categorical grants C. urban renewal grants D. disaster loans E. revenue sharing

The procedure for conducting ________ includes randomly selected voting places around the country and asking every tenth person how they voted. A. reapportionment B. an exit poll C. absentee balloting D. preventing voting fraud E. a referendum

The process through which an individual acquires his or her knowledge, feelings, and evaluations regarding his or her political world, is known as A. demography B. political socialization C. political indoctrination D. political ideology E. political orientation

The theory that seeks to explain political process and outcomes as consequences of purposive behavior is called the a. cognitive theory b. rational-choice theory c. behaviorism d. means-ends theory e. goals theory

The way in which candidates attempt to manipulate money, the media, and momentum to achieve the nomination is through a. propaganda b. campaign strategy c. charisma d. party support e. primaries

The well known phrase, "We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal," in the Declaration of Independence is a statement of the principle of a. libertarianism b. egalitarianism c. communism d. individualism e. republicanism

Thomas Patterson's argument that "today's presidential campaign is essentially a mass media campaign," suggests that a. the media exercise sway over a vast number of citizens votes b. voters have very little reality of the campaign apart from what they see and hear in the media campaign. c. the media control electoral outcomes d. campaigns are large, and reach a wider audience then campaign in the past e. money is less important to campaigns than it was in the past

What are patronage jobs? a. a description of anyone who worked in the Daley administration in Chicago. b. jobs given for political reasons rather than fro merit or competence c. jobs that manage volunteers d. jobs in the national convention e. jobs given on the basis of merit rather than for political reasons

What differentiates American media from its counterparts in other democracies? A. there is no significant difference between American media and its counterparts in other democracies. B. American media is totally dependent on advertising revenues to keep business going. C. American media has always employed greater technology than other countries. D. International media is entirely government owned. E. American media is more sophisticated than its European counterparts.

What is central to the ideology of the Republican Party? A. the American government is based on too little political participation. B. the American government has become too wide ranging. C. an ideal democratic society would have more participants than the one that liberals envision. D. the American government doesn't do enough for its citizens E. the size of the American government is not a particularly important issue to most people.

What was one of the reasons that urban party machines are no longer very active? a. progressive regulations were struck down by the Supreme Court b. progressive reforms that placed jobs under the merit system weakened the machine's power c. regulations concerning fair bidding on government contracts were struck down d. ethic integration became less prevalent e. all of the party bosses died out

What was the major factor that led to the Democrats' loss of power in 1968? a. the end of WWII b. Johnson's Vietnam policies c. the Civil Rights Movement d. the assassination of JFK e. the beginning of the Cold War

Which of the following best describes a linkage institution? a. a location to express a political opinion b. a channel through which people's concerns become a political agenda c. formation of a special interest groups d. a gathering of people to represent a public opinion e. an environment where one learns about the political process

Which of the following countries has federalism as its method of governing? A. China B. Canada C. Kenya D. France E. No other country uses federalism

Which of the following is NOT true of state governments after the American Revolution? A. elites entered state legislatures at higher numbers. B. states were increasingly influenced by civic republicanism C. state constitutions concentrated power in state legislatures. D. states were increasingly influenced by the idea of equality E. government in the states become more responsive to the people

Which of the following is TRUE of state legislatures after the American Revolution? A. they were comprised more of landless farmers than landholders. B. they were increasingly comprised of middle-class representatives rather than wealthy members. C. They were comprised of more wealthy planters, lawyers and merchants than ever before. D. they were comprised primarily of former Revolutionary War militiamen E. They were increasingly comprised of wealthy representatives rather than middle - class members

Which of the following is a consequence of the increasing corporate business management of the media? A. Americans have become more knowledgeable about foreign and global affairs. B. Major television networks have decreased the number of foreign bureaus across the globe. C. Major television networks have increased the number of foreign bureaus across the globe. D. the amount of time and space devoted to foreign news coverage has increased. E. Both A and C

Which of the following is a linkage institution? a. the president's cabinet b. USA Today c. The House of Representatives d. the ambassador to France e. all of the above

Which of the following presidential races was an exception to the rule that the media covers strategy more than issues? a. Bush v. Dukakis, 1992 b. Bush v. Kerry, 2004 c. Clinton v. Bush, 1992 d. Bush v. Gore, 2000 e. Clinton v. Dole, 1996

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Neither TV nor newspaper readership has decreased or increased. B. As TV viewership has increased, newspaper readership has decreased. C. As TV viewership has increased, so has newspaper readership. D. As TV viewership has decreased, so has newspaper readership. E. As TV viewership has decreased, newspaper readership has increased.

Which of the following was the impetus behind Congress's limiting individual contributions to presidential and congressional candidates to $1,000? a. the discovery that military contractors' employees contributed over $500,000 apiece to George W. Bush's campaign. b. the discovery that some individuals had contributed $1 million to the 1972 Nixon campaign. c. Watergate d. the discovery that individuals with military contracts donated $500,000 to Johnson's 1968 campaign e. the supreme court decision, McConnell v. Federal Election Commission, that ruled against the McCain-Feingold Act

Who are, generally, the main antagonists in investigative journalism? A. Reporters and the companies that own their broadcast media. B. Reporters and political leaders C. Reporters and celebrities D. Political leaders and the general public E. Reporters and the general public

Who claimed that there has never been, nor ever will be, a people who are politically ignorant and free? a. Ronald Reagan b. Thomas Jefferson c. George W. Bush d. Franklin D. Roosevelt e. Bill Clinton

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? A. John Adams B. Thomas Jefferson C.Richard Henry Lee D. Thomas Paine E. Benjamin Franklin

________ is the distribution of the population's beliefs about politics and policy issues. A. Political socialization B. Public opinion C. Political ideology D. Direct mail E. random sampling

A major purpose of the economic provisions in the Constitution was to A. establish a comprehensive set of social welfare programs to assist people in times of need. B. guarantee the states a significant economic role. C. create a strong national government so as to bring stability out of economic chaos. D. promote a more equal distribution of wealth in the country. E. preserve and strengthen the farm economy to the disadvantage of manufacturing.

According to James Madison, the "most common and durable source of factions" was A. radical inequalities B. urban and rural divisions C. the unequal division of property D. the British army E. aristocracy

According to John Locke, the "state of nature" refers to A. a state ruled by the people, or a democracy B. a state in which human law is able to create natural rights C. a state in which there are no formal laws or government. D. a state of uninhabited territory ripe for government control E. all of the above

According to The Communist Manifesto, the specter haunting Europe was a. liberalism b. freedom c. communism d. military dictatorship e. democracy

According to the U.S. Constitution, the House of Representatives has how many members from each state? A. a total of three B. six C. depends on the state's population D. one E. two

As _____________, political parties serve the role of translating inputs from the public into outputs from policymakers. a. political converters b. machines c. linkage institutions d. superdelegates e. coalitions

At the beginning of party development in the United States, a. there were many small parties, each representing a narrow interest b. we had a one-party system where one powerful party dominated the government and blocked the creation of new parties c. parties sought to destroy each other d. parties tried to defeat each other in elections e. parties were merely the personal following of certain charismatic individuals

At the center of all theories of elite domination of politics is a. the Congress b. the nouveau riche c. big business d. the president e. the trilateral commision

Cable News Network (CNN) A. specializes in after-the-fact news summaries and in-depth analysis. B. is a government-owned news agency that specializes in international news. C. has brought television into a new era of bringing the news to people and political leaders as it happens. D. has take the place of the three major networks as Americans' primary source of news. E. has had more effect on the mass public than it has had on political elites.

Caucuses are usually organized like a. the original Constitutional Convention b. winner-take-all election systems c. pyramids d. bi-linguals e. the Electoral college

Critics of the primary and caucus system point to the fact that a. no precedent for them is written into the Constitution b. disproportionate attention goes to the later caucuses and primaries c. participation in primaries and caucuses in unrepresentative of the public at large d. only the best known candidates have a chance of winning the primaries and caucuses. e. none of the above

Demographic changes in the United States population could translate to political consequences through the process of A. political assimilation B. political acculturation C. reapportionment D. political socialization E. none of the above

Demography refers to A. the science of public opinion B. Constitutional rules governing reapportionment of Congress. C. the science of population changes D. the science of democracy E. the U.S. census planning process.

Following the first Nixon-Kennedy presidential debate of 1960, opinion polls showed that A. those who listened over the radio though it was a dream, while those who watched television thought Kennedy did better. B. those who watched on television though Nixon had won, while those who listened over the radio though Kennedy won. C. those who watched on television thought Kennedy had won, while those who listened over the radio thought Nixon won. D. those who watched on television and listened over the radio both thought Nixon had won. E. those who watched on television and listened over the radio both though Kennedy had won.

In most advanced industrialized countries, election campaigns are a. limited by law to three months b. not limited by law c. limited by law to no more than two months d. endless affairs, sometimes lasting a year or more e. limited by law to two weeks

In response to complaints from state and local governments about the paperwork and requirements attached to most grants, Congress has established _________ to support programs in areas like community development and social services. A. categorical grants B. computerized grant applications C. block grants D. formula grants E. project grants

What kind of government did the Articles of Confederation create? A. federal B. bicameral C. unitary D. confederate E. democratic republic

In the description of political parties as "three-headed political giants," which of the following is NOT considered one of those three heads? a. The party in the electorate b. The party in government c. The party out of power d. The party as an organization e. None of the above

Linkage institutions a. are used to implement public policies. b. link the president to members of his/her party in Congress, so they can coordinate their policies in government. c. translate inputs from the public into outputs from the policymakers. d. help link the three branches of government together to achieve coherent policies. e. link political parties to the government

Newspaper chains are A. unaffected by the quest of profit B. disappearing as a result of the rise of television C. controlled by conglomerates that often control broadcast media as well. D. local papers owned by fearless local editors E. organizations loosely linked by the wire services.

One of the more meaningful functions of a party convention today is to a. nominate the presidential candidate b. organize campaign strategy c. orchestrate a massive send-off for the presidential and vice presidential candidates d. increase fundraising e. choose the party chairperson

One of the primary reasons for the comparatively small scope of American government is a. judicial review b. pluralism c. individualism d. liberalism e. capitalism

Power in the major United States political parties is a. concentrated in the state parties, with national and local organizations playing only minor roles b. centralized in national party organizations c. fragmented among local, state, and national party organizations d.concentrated in party machines at the local level e.hierarchically distributed from the national local levels.

Public officials often leak ______________ to reporters to see what the political reaction will be. A. sound bites B. beats C. trial balloons D. talking heads E. "oiled news"

Public opinion is defined in the text as A. beliefs about government held by a majority of people. B. widely held beliefs about the public's role in politics and policy. C. the distribution of the population's beliefs about politics and policy. D. opinions that are expressible to public, as opposed to the more truthful private opinions that most individuals are reluctant to state publicly. E. opinions solicited from a random samples of the public.

Realignments are typically associated with a. the creation of new states b. changes in election laws c. a major crisis or trauma in the nation d. one party winning the presidency while the other controls Congress e. a major reorganization of the executive branch

Reapportionment occurs after every census to reallocate seats in A. the president's cabinet B. the Senate C. the House of Representative D. the Supreme Court E. both the House of Representative and the Senate

Regarding the right to vote in national elections, the framers of the Constitution A. provided that free men and women over the age of 20 be allowed to vote. B. required that all free, adult males with property worth at least $50 be allowed to vote C. decided to leave it up to the individual states to determine voter qualifications in their own states. D. included a requirement that all free, adult males be allowed to vote E. finally granted the right to vote.

Robert Dahl's note that in the U.S. "all active and legitimate groups in the population can make themselves heard at some crucial stage in the process," is an expression of which theory of democracy? a. elite theory b. bureaucratic theory c. pluralist theory d. hyperpluralist theory e. class theory

The 1936 Literary Digest poll underestimated the vote for President Franklin Roosevelt by 19 percent because A. the literary intelligentsia as a group never did like Roosevelt. B. not enough women were interviewed. C. the sample was drawn from telephone books and motor vehicle records. D. people did not tell the truth. E. the sample was too small.

The Constitution requires that states give ____________ to the public acts, records, and civil judicial proceedings of every state in _____________. A. implied powers; Article IV B. extradition; the Tenth Amendment C. full faith and credit; Article IV D. implied powers; Article I, Section 8 E. full faith and credit, the Tenth Amendment

The Depression of the 1930s gave rise to what is called a. econopolitics b. th Republican resurgence c. the New Deal coalition d. party competition e. the Era of Divided Government

The Federal Election Campaign Act a. ended public financing for presidential campaigns b. provided public financing for Senate and House races. c. required all candidates for federal office to disclose all contributions made to their campaigns. d. removed spending limits from presidential campaigns e. required broadcasters to provide free airtime to each major candidate for federal office.

The McGovern-Fraser Commission a. chose presidential candidates for the Democratic Party b. investigated violations of campaign finance law in 1968 c. had a mandate to make the Democratic party conventions more democratic d. strengthened the role of the party's national committee. e. established the dates of presidential primaries.

The Republicans had a long period as the country's dominant majority party, which ended a. in 1980 b. with the Civil War c. in 1932 d. in 1896 e. in 1992

The Republicans lost the election of 1932 primarily due to a. the failure of the Republicans to hold onto the support of urban industrialists. b. the nomination of a popular war hero by the democrats. c. president Herbert Hoover's handling of the Depression d. Hitler's election as chancellor of Germany and the Republicans' failure to prevent it. e. rising political and economic instability in Europe

The _____________ Act required that as of 1987, employers document the citizenship or legal immigrant status of their employees, or face substantial criminal penalties for failing to do so. A. National Labor Relations B. Immigrant Employment C. Simpson-Mazzoli D. National Origins E. Hatch

The chairperson of the party that controls the White House is normally selected by a. a committee of state chairpersons b. closed primary c. the president d. members of the party in Congress e. none of the above

The enumerated powers of Congress and the national government are those A. set out in the first ten amendments. B. involving taxes, spending, and fiscal policy C. specifically spelled out in the Constitution. D. not specifically spelled out in the Constitution, but nonetheless acknowledged. E. requiring ratification by the states.

The media usually focus on the _________ of politics. a. "why" b. "what" c. "who" d. "when" e. "how"

The member of a presidential campaign who helps reporters make their deadlines with stores that the campaign would like to see reported is the a. policy advisor b. media consultant c. press secretary d. campaign counsel e. candidate

The party national committees a. select the party's presidential candidate b. meet once every four years c. keep the party operating between conventions d. are composed of each party's members of Congress e. write and approve the party's platform

The people who keep the party running between elections and make its rules are members of which "head" of the party? a. party in the states b. party in the electorate c. party in the government d. permanent party.

The presidential primaries are a. the official endorsement of a candidate for office by a political party. b. a master game plan through which candidates set out to guide their electoral campaign. c. elections in which voters in a state vote for a candidate, or delegates pledged to the candidate. d. the supreme power within each of the parties, responsible for nominating the party's presidential and vice presidential candidates. e. a meeting of all state party leaders for selecting delegates to the national party convention.

The shared investigations of suspected terrorists following September 11th among nation, state, and local governments is an example of which kind of federalism? A. dual B. mutual C. cooperative D. shared E. fiscal

The work of the McGovern-Fraser Commission appointed during the turbulent Chicago Convention of 1968 was a reflection of concern over a. the republicans' image as a party of efficiency b. the declining strength of Democratic power in Congress and state governorships c. elite control of the party d. Richard Nixon's growing popularity and the fear that he could defeat the Democratic nominee in the foll e. the catastrophic defeat of Goldwater in 1964

Those who argue that the United States is in the middle of a culture war argue that Americans are becoming, increasingly a. solationsist b. hypocritical c. polarized d. egalitarian e. secular

Today's news people work in an environment of _________ toward government. A. friendship B. hostility C. cynicism D. acceptance E. trust

Voters in presidential primaries and caucuses tend to be a. minorities and notably younger than the general population b. far less educated and much poorer on average than the United States population as a whole c. older and more affluent than the United States population as a whole. d. somewhat less educated and somewhat poorer on average than the United States population as a whole. e. very similar to the rest of the United States population in terms of education and income.

What kind of public policy involves the legislative enactment of taxes and expenditures? a. regulation b. court decision c. budgetary choice d. presidential action e. congressional statute

What was the significance of the Annapolis meeting? A. it was the first national convention of women demanding the right to vote. B. it issued the Declaration of Independence C. it issued the first call for the Constitutional Convention, which would form in Philadelphia in 1787. D. it dissolved the Continental Congress E. It selected George Washington as the first post-Revolutionary president.

When asked about the most important challenge of running party organizations, the national party chairman of both parties replied a. "organization" b. "finding good candidates" c. "money" d. "competent staff" e. "time"

When people are asked about their ideology, an equal number answer conservative and ________. A. liberal B. as groups benefits voters C moderate D. highly religious E. no group was equal to conservatives in terms of ideology.

When was the Federal Communications Commission created? A. 1964 B. 1944 C. 1934 D. 1974 E. 1954

Whereas one newspaper was sold for every two adults in 1960, by 2008 one paper was sold for every ____________ adults. A. four B. fifteen C. five D. ten E. three

Which of the following is FALSE? a. Today, almost all state parties have permanent physical headquarters and professional staff b. State parties are on the upswing throughout the country c. State parties are on the downswing throughout the country d. State parties' budgets have increased dramatically since the late 1970s. e. A, C, and D

Which of the following is NOT true of the United States government under the Articles of Confederation? A. there was no president B. each state had only one vote in Congress C. most authority rested with the United States Congress rather than the state governments D. the Congress had only one house E. all of these are false

Which of the following is TRUE in regard to the voting habits of African Americans and Hispanic Americans? A. Members of these groups are less likely to vote the higher their income. B. The gap between their voter turnout and that of whites has widened considerably over the past thirty years. C. Members of the groups are more likely to vote than whites of the same income level. D. They have always voted about as much as whites despite legal barriers. E. None of the Above

Which statement best describes the view of human nature held by delegates to the Constitutional Convention? A. humans are basically good B. humans are naturally altruistic C. human beings are basically selfish and self-interested D. humans are solely the product of their environment E. humans are basically evil

Who boasted of his power over public opinion by saying, "You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war"? A. Winston Churchill B. Joseph Pulitzer C. William Randolph Hearst D. Ronald Reagan E. Thomas Patterson

_____________ is the process by which policy comes into being and evolves over time. a. a constellation b. the bureaucracy c. the policy-making system d. government e. democracy

______________ was proposed by William Patterson, in which each state was to be equally represented in the new Congress. A. the Federalist Papers b .the Connecticut Compromise C. the New Jersey Plan D. the Articles of Confederation E. the Virginia Plan

Approximately _________ of eligible voters cast ballots in presidential primaries. a. 75% b. 65% c. 50% d. 25% e. 35%

A party machine is a kind of local party organization that a. specializes in computerized mass mailings both to raise funds and influence voters on behalf of their candidates b. has recently come to depend heavily on ethnic group support c. remains strong in most large American cities. d. uses specific and material inducements to own party loyalty and power e. threatens the efficiency of state and national party organizations.

A political ideology is A. the process through which an individual acquires his or her political skills. B. a relatively small proportion of people who are chosen as representative of the whole. C. the set of courses that a political science student must complete to attain a degree. D. a coherent set of values and beliefs about public policy. E. the distribution of the population's beliefs about politics and policy issues.

A relatively small proportion of people who are chosen as representative of the whole is called a(n) A. quota B. cohort C. census D. sample E. population

A way of organizing a national government so that all power resides in the central government is A. bicameral government B. federalism C. intergovernmental relations D. unitary government E. confederations

According to Michael Delli Carpini and Scott Keeter, political knowledge is important because it a. helps citizens identify policies that would benefit them b. fosters civic virtues c. promotes active participation in politics d. all of the above e. none of the above

According to the U.S. Constitution, how many Senators does each state have? A. depend on the state's population B. six C. a total of three D. two E. one

African Americans comprise what proportion of the American population, approximately? A. 20 percent B. 30 percent C. 25 percent D. 12 percent E. 5 percent

Between 1990 and 2000, A. the Frostbelt had begun to gain population again. B. the Pacific Coast states were the fastest-growing region of the country. C. states in the Southwest were losing population D. the Sunbelt continued to experience rapid population growth. E. the midwest became the fastest-growing region in the country.

Between the 1930s and the 1960s, people attracted to the Democratic party included a. northerners and the rich b. protestants and jews c. the college-educated and business owners d. urban working classes and intellectuals e. farmers and rural dwellers

Closed primaries a. have fewer under counts b. discourage party loyalty c. cost less than open primaries d.encourage party loyalty e. depress voter turnout

Compared to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution created a A. stronger national government B. weaker national government C. stronger executive D. A and B E. B and C

Concerns about reliance of pollsters on telephone surveys have recently been caused by A. a decrease in no-call lists B increased non listing of phone numbers C. increased use of random digit dialing D. increased use of cell phones E. decreased chances of finding people at home

Contracts between business firms can be enforced across state boundaries as part of the constitutional provision of A. interstate compacts B. extradition C. implied powers of the states D. full faith and credit E. privileges and immunities

Escalating campaign costs pose a challenge to contemporary American democracy because a. candidates may be more likely to pay attention to PACs because they depend on PAC contributions for reelection. b. candidates have become dependent on PACs, which represent specific economic interests rather than the American people as a whole c. candidate's reliance on PACs and PAC contributions makes them more likely to get involved in single-issue politics d. all of the above e. none of the above

Following the 1964 election, A. public interest in government dropped slightly for a brief period. B. presidential approval increased significantly. C. public interest in campaigns increased. D. public trust in government dropped significantly. E. public knowledge about political affairs improved significantly

For a candidate, the most important and desirable result of the early nomination contests is a. winning the highest number of national convention delegates b. doing well in a state highly representative of the entire United States population. c. winning the highest number of votes d. doing better than expected, thus winning an image as the party's front runner and holder of momentum e. winning all of its electoral votes.

From 1968 to 1992, a. the Republicans dominated the federal government while the Democrats dominated state governments b. a realignment occurred that destroyed the New Deal coalition c. the Democrats experienced a slow, "creeping ascendance" that culminated in their gaining control of the entire government with the election of Bill Clinton d. the Republicans dominated the presidency while the Democrats dominated Congress. e. the Republicans became the majority party.

Historically, the presidential primary season begins a. in winter in Missouri b. in summer in New Hampshire c. in summer in Iowa d. in winter in New Hampshire e. in winter in Iowa

Ideology is determined more by _________ within religious groups, than by religious denomination. A. gender B. race C. religious sect D. religiosity E. age

In News from Nowhere, Edward Epstein found that A. news shows are tailored to a low level of audience sophistication. B. TV networks defined news in terms of what would be entertaining to the average viewer. C. TV news coverage was more sophisticated than newspaper coverage of the same story. D. Both A and B E. All of the above

In determining congressional representation and taxation, the Constitution A. did not count slaves B. counted slaves as one-half of a person C. was silent on the issue of how slaves would be counted, instead leaving the issue to each state to decide D. counted slaves as three-fifths of a person E. counted slaves as free persons.

In general, what are the ingredient(s) of a critical election? a. new issues appear and divide the electorate in new ways. b. existing fissures in political party cause coalitions to begin to fracture c. parties form new, enduring coalitions d. all of the above e. both A and B

In most caucasus states, about ________ of the registered voters typically show up for party presidential caucuses. a. 20% b. 60% c. 35% d. 5% e. 50%

In the second party system in United States history, the election contests were between which two major parties? a. federalists and whigs b. federalists and anti-federalists c. democrats and republicans d. democrats and whigs e. republicans and whigs

News is what A. government officials want it to be. B. is important to know C. is timely and different D. has the greatest impact on the most people E. the public believes are the most important political issues facing the country.

One of the provisions of the McCain-Feingold Act of 2002 was to a. increase the limit on individual contributions to $5,000. b. increase the limit on individual contributions to $10,000. c. increase the limit on "soft money" contributions d. increase the limit on individual contributions from $1,000 to $2,000 e. increase the amount of federal money presidential candidates can spend

Over time, there has been a gradual change from dual federalism to a(n) ____________ federalism. A. single B. tripartite C. fiscal D. cooperative E. unitary

President George W. Bush's statement, "Our opponents trust the government; we trust the people," is an expression in favor of a. increasing government spending b. increasing the role of Congress c. increasing the scope of government d. reducing the scope of government e. reducing the role of representation in American democracy

Presidential nominating conventions have not required more than one ballot to choose the party's official nominee since 1952, largely due to the a. changes in federal law requiring parties to have their nominations virtually assured before the conventions begin. b. rule change that a candidate need only a win plurality of votes at the convention rather than a majority to gain the nomination. c. end of the boss-dominated caucus system. d. role of television, and the desire of both parties to unite behind one candidate in advance in order to present a show of harmony, rather than bickering, to those who tune in. e. changes in party rules requiring a nomination on the first ballot.

Primaries that allow voters to decide on Election Day whether they want to participate in Democratic or Republican contests are called a. blanket primaries b. party machine primaries c. closed primaries d. open primaries e. political primaries

Public policy a. consists of laws passed by Congress b. involves making decisions c. includes what government chooses NOT to do d. all of the above e. none of the above

The __________ refers to the emergence of a non-Caucasian majority, as compared with a White, generally Anglo-Saxon majority. A. melting pot B. population explosion C. majority minority D. minority majority E. Immigrant population

Reapportionment A. has most recently increased congressional representation for New England. B. changes the states' number of representatives in the United States Senate. C. rarely occurs D. can dramatically shift political power between the regions. E. affects how much federal aid population groups can receive.

Running for the Republican presidential nomination in 1980, George Bush, announced in the early going that he had the "big mo", a reference to the fact that a. he had been endorsed by Moe Shepp traditionally one of the Republican party's biggest campaign contributors b. he had won more delegates in Missouri c. he had won more votes in New Hampshire d. he had the momentum having won in Iowa e financial contributors were heavily on his side.

Since the 1960's, Americans' trust in government has A. stayed the same B. been erratic C. disappeared D. decreased E. increased

Television became extremely important in political campaigns beginning in A. 1948 B. 1984 C. 1972 D. 1960 E. 1952

The "big mo" refers to a. the path-breaking presidential campaign of Morris "Mo" Udall. b. the importance of the Missouri primary in the presidential nomination campaign. c. the moment in which a candidate receives enough delegates to receive the nomination d. achieving momentum in the nomination campaign. e. the overwhelming need for money in a presidential campaign.

The Constitution's provision that Congress has the right to "make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution" its powers is often referred to as the A. privileges and immunities B. heart of fiscal federalism C. unwritten amendment D. elastic clause E. enuemrated powers

The Defense of Marriage Act A. requires states to issue same-sex marriages and civil unions to same-sex partners. B. requires states to recognize same-sex marriage or civil unions issued in other states for same-sex partners. C. prohibits states from issuing same-sex marriages or civil unions to same-sex partners. D. permits states to disregard same-sex marriages or civil unions of same-sex partners issued in other states. E. requires states to provide the same rights to same-sex couples that they provide to heterosexual couples.

The Democratic National Convention in _______ led to serious reforms in the methods it used to choose its convention delegates. a. 1952 b. 1984 c. 1992 d. 1968 e. 1936

The Democratic and Republican candidates for president are formally nominated by the a. presidential caucuses b. national committees c. electoral college d. national party conventions e. presidential primaries

The McCulloch v. Maryland case dealt with what specific grievance A. the location of Maryland's capital city B. a state coining its own money C. toll bridges on interstate roads D. a state taxing a national bank E. import taxes on goods made in other states

The Republican party began as the a. party of big business interests b. party of the New Deal c. party of states' rights and silver money d. principal antislavery party e. principal pro-slavery party

The Tenth Amendment is sometimes referred to as the __________ amendment. A. states' rights B. reserved powers C. delegated powers D. both A and B E. both A and C

The __________ describes those issues that attract serious attention from public officials and policymakers. a. bureaucracy b. backburner c. gatekeeper d. policy agenda e. policymaking process

The appearance increase in __________ was an unintended resulted of an amendment in 1979 to the original Campaign Reform Act, which allows parties to raise and spend money on voter registration and other campaign materials without limits on spending or the size of contributions that they can accept. a. party discretionary funding b. party expenditure exemption c. institutional assistance d. soft money e. expenditure waivers

The cozy relationship between politicians and the press in the twentieth century lasted until A. the Iranian Hostage Crisis B. World War II C. the beginning of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. D. the Vietnam War and Watergate E. the commercialization of television

The day-to-day activities of the national party are the responsibility of the a. national committee b. congressional party leaders c. national convention d. national chairperson e. president

The first daily newspaper in America was A. the Colonial Gazette, printed in 1607 B. The New York Times, established in 1800. C. the Associated Press established in 1841. D. printed in Philadelphia in 1783 E. Common Sense, printed in 1776

The first president to manipulate media politics with many press conferences and fireside chats successfully was A. Abraham Lincoln B. Ronald Reagan C. John F. Kennedy D. Franklin Roosevelt E. Lyndon Johnson

The first televised _____________ occurred during the 1960 presidential campaign. A. national political convention B. presidential press conference C. political commercial D. presidential debate E. election returns

The legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed is called A. intergovernmental relations B. devolution C. habeas corpus D. extradition E. necessary and proper

The national party convention is a. responsible for nominating the party's presidential and vice presidential candidates b. the author or the party's national platform c. the supreme power within each of the two parties d. all of the above e. none of the above.

The notion that, in politics, the desires of the people should be replicated in government through the choices of elected officials is called a. political participation b. majority rules c. pluralism d. representation e. minority rights

The regular pattern by which women are more likely to support Democratic candidates than are ment is known as A. affirmative action B. the feminine mystique C. liberal bias D. the gender gap E. reverse discrimination

The sole purpose of government, according to John Locke, was to A. promote the common good B. educate the people C. prevent anarchy D. protect natural rights E. protect individuals from violence

The tendency of states to hold primaries earlier in the calendar to capitalize on media attention is called a. framing b. stacking the deck c. politicking d. frontloading a. agenda setting

The use of detective-like reporting methods to unearth scandals is known as A. trial balloons B. yellow journalism C. scientific journalism D. investigative journalism E. print journalism

What sort of realignment has occurred in the current party era? a. a cultural realignment b. an age-based realignment c. a rural/urban realignment d. a southern realignment e. an entire realignment

What unites Americans more than anything else? a. participation in elections b. liberal attitudes toward immigration c. the president d. their political culture e. a belief in group politics

What was the issue that brough the Democrats to power in 1932? a. Vietnam b. WWI c. silver coinage d. the Great Depression e. slavery

Which group is most likely to engage in ticket splitting? a. Republicans b. Democrats c. Northeasterners d. Independents e. Southerners

Which is primarily responsible for crafting the political party's platform and for nominating its candidates for president and vice president? a. party in the electorate b. party in government c. national committee d. national convention e. primary committee

Which of the following best describes the United States government under the Articles of Confederation? A. it was frequently involved in foreign affairs. B. the Congress was a puppet for George Washington C. It was dictatorial D. It was weak and ineffective E. It was very large, and bureaucratic

Which of the following did the Federal Election Campaign Act NOT do? a. provide public financing of Senate races b. limit presidential campaign spending c. provide public financing for the presidential nominees of both major parties d. provide public financing of House and Senate races e. require disclosure of campaign contributions by all candidates for federal offices.

Which of the following is NOT a contemporary theory of democracy? a. elite theory b. hyperpluralism c. class theory d. democratic centralism e. pluralism

Which of the following is NOT a part of the national government? a. presidency b. judiciary c. congress d. interest groups e. Federal administrative agencies

Which of the following is NOT a policymaking institution established by the Constitution? a. the presidency b. the courts c. Congress d. the media e. both c and d

Which of the following is TRUE about the United States? a. The United States, more than western European democracies, diplays a preference for free markets. b. The United States, more than western European democracies, displays a preference for limited government. c. The United States, more than western European democracies, displays a preference for more generous social welfare benefits d. both a and b e. all of the above

Which of the following is TRUE of voter turnout in the United States? a. people over 65 have turned out to vote at a higher rate than young Americans since the early 1970's b. young Americans have increased voter participation in the early twenty-first century, but still vote at lower rates than they did in the early 1970s. c. in 2004, young Americans surpassed a record of voter turnout, set earlier in the 1970s. d. both a and b are true e. none of the above is true

Which of the following is true of the system of representation established by the Connecticut Compromise? A. it gives more power to large state, particularly in presidential elections B. it distributes power among people of large and small states exactly equally C. it gives more power to people living in states with large populations D. it gives more power to people living in states with small populations E. both B and D

Which of the following statements helps explain the link between youth voter turnout and changes in media communication and technology? a. the proliferation of television channels makes it easier for young Americans to avoid exposure to politics. b. the current generation is the first to grow up in a media environment with few shared experiences. c. most young Americans have not developed habits of following the news. d. all of the above e. a and b only

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Government's aim their socialization efforts primarily at the young. B. Americans obtain most of their political socialization from their families and their teachers. C. As people become more socialized with age, their political orientations grow stronger. D. As people become more socialized with age, their political orientations grow weaker. E. All of the above

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the number of African American elected officials has increased by over 600 percent since 1970. B. about 24 percent of African Americans currently live under the poverty line. C. In the 2000 Census, the Hispanic population outnumbered the African American population. D. Hispanics are primarily concentrated in the rural areas. E. none of the above.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. The U.S. government employs over 2.2 million people. b. National defense constitutes one-sixth of the federal budget. c. Social Security consumes one-fifth of the federal budget d. The U.S. government owns no land e. The U.S. government spends about $3.1 trillion annually.

Which of the following statements is False? A. a constitution is an unwritten accumulation of traditions and precedents B. a constitution is a nation's basic law C. a constitution allocates power within government D. a constitution sets neutral rules of the game of politics E. a constitution structures competition among players, or participants, in government.

Which of the following statements is TRUE of the relationship between age and political knowledge as suggested by data from the National Election Studies? a. Americans younger than age 30 have higher levels of political knowledge in 2004 than they did in 1964. b. Americans age 65 and older display higher levels of political knowledge in 2004 than they did in 1964. c. since 1964, all Americans' political knowledge has increased. d. Americans younger than age 30 had higher levels of political knowledge in 1964 than in 2004. e. since 1964, all Americans' political knowledge has decreased.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. most people in most democracies around the world believe that although democracy has its faults, it is the best from of government b. the authors of the U.S. Constitution were wary of democracy and doubted the ability of ordinary Americans to make informed judgement about the government should do. c. government "by the people" is literally impossible in the U.S. d. all of the above e. both a and b

Which of the following was NOT occurring under the Articles of Confederation? A. abolition of religious qualifications for office holding B. adoption of bills of rights C. expanded political participation D. upper-class dominance E. all of the above

Which of these groups tends to be more conservative? A. Women B. African Americans C. Hispanics D. Groups with political clout E. Younger voters

Which president declared, "The president of the United States will not stand and be questioned like a chicken thief by men whose names he does not even know." A. Theodore Roosevelt B. Franklin Roosevelt C. Jimmy Carter D. Herbert Hoover E. Bill Clinton

Which president said, "I want to talk to you about what government can do because I believe government must do more," in a presidential address to Congress? a. Richard Nixon b. Gerald Ford c. Ronald Reagan d. Bill Clinton e. Jimmy Carter

Who was the first president to use radio to broadcast messages to the American people? A. Richard Nixon B. John F. Kennedy C. Ronald Reagan D. Franklin Roosevelt E. Lyndon Johnson

With over 2,700 reporters, photographers, and editors, ____________ has more news gathering ability than any other news organization. A. King Features Syndicate B. Gannett C. The New York Times D. the Associated Press E. Columbia Broadcasting System

_____________ was once the main political party organization in America. a. the national convention b. the coalition c. patronage d. the urban political party e. the critical election

Which of the following is a power that the Constitution gives to both the national and state governments? A. coin money B. tax C. borrow money D. all of the above E. both B and C

A law passed by Congress and an agency adoption of regulation are both examples of a. interest groups b. red tape c. majoritarian politics d. exercises in public opinion e. public policies

A nomination refers to a. the highpoint of public opinion in support of a particular candidate. b. a media event in the course of a presidential election c. a monetary campaign contribution d. the endorsement of elite press, such as the New York Times e. a party's official selection of a candidate to run for office

A party's endorsement to officially run for office as the candidate of that party is called a. a ballot b. an appointment c. a ticket d. a confirmation e. a nomination

According to John Lock, natural rights are A. not dependent on governments B. dependent on governments C. rights inherent in human beings D. all of the above E. botha A and C

Among the most important ends of government for the delegates at the Constitutional Convention was the A. prevention of tyranny B. preservation of property C. abolition of slavery D. all of the above E. both A and B

An example of a critical election is a. the displacement of the majority Republicans with the Democrats during the Great Depression of the 1930's b. the emergence of the Republican Party during the Civil War c. the election of George W. Bush following the 1994 Republican takeover of the House of Representatives d. all of the above e. both A and B

As one becomes more socialized with age, one's political orientations A. change as one's position in the aging order changes their life conditions. B. become less important C. lack commitment D. fluctuate more. E. grow firmer

Because it would be prohibitively expensive to ask every citizen his or her opinion on a whole range of issues, polls rely on what is called a(n) _________ of the population. A. census B. extraction C. slice D. demography E. sample

Contributions of up to $250 matched from the Presidential Election Campaign Fund to qualifying presidential nominees are called a. illicit expenditures b. hard money c. soft money d. tax cuts e. matching funds

Which of the following is TRUE? A. young adults are least likely to use newspapers and broadcast media. B. older adults are more likely to use narrow cast media. C. young adults are more likely to use narrow cast media. D. young adults are most likely to use newspapers and broadcast media. E. both A and C

Donating $200,000, to a political party to help its presidential nominee in somewhat indirect ways is a. of unclear legality and the subject of a controversial and vague Supreme Court ruling. b. legal, and known as soft money c. illegal under the Federal Election Campaign Act d. legal, and known as a PAC contribution e. illegal under the McCain-Feingold Act

Enlightened understanding, inclusion, and majority rule are a. incompatible with pluralist politics b. impossible to achieve in the United States c. of little consequence to the United States' constitution d. second in importance to equality in voting and citizen control of the agenda e. among Robert Dahl's five criteria of democracy

Hispanics comprise approximately what percent of the American population? A. 28 percent B. 5 percent C. 23 percent D. 18 percent E. 13 percent

If you are registered as a Republican, you can vote in a(n) a. Democratic closed primary b. Republican closed primary c. open primary d. blanket primary e. B, C, and D

In defining the powers of state and national government, the authors of the Constitution A. made states vital components in the machinery of government B. created obligations of the national government toward the states C. forbade Congress from creating new states D. Prohibited the national government from usurping state's powers E. All of the above

In states with caucuses, a. delegates are chosen through general election of a candidate. b. party leaders select delegates according to their own candidates preferences. c. the state legislature selects the state's delegates to the national conventions. d. candidates appoint supporters to serve as delegates. e. supporters of candidates try to get elected as delegates through a pyramid of meetings.

In what form of government do citizens vote for both state and central government officials? A. confederate B. bicameral C. unitary D. authoritarian E. federal

Keeping the party operating between conventions is the job of the a. regional offices b. elected officials c. majority or minority whip d. congressional leadership e. national committee

Lockean thought and the Declaration of Independence are similar in that both A. were developed in the late 1700's. B. recognize the right of people to determine their own form of government, short of resorting to revolution. C. Value the preservation of private property D. seek common ideals in government through the establishment of a constitutional monarchy E. support the concept of natural rights and the idea that the government is built on the consent of the governed.

Most Americans learn about government and politics through A. high school civics courses B. university political science classes. C. direct explanation from their parents D. newspapers E. an informal learning process

Most political coverage by the media during a presidential campaign a. deals with the candidate's' personal character flaws and family b. is the result of successful manipulation by the campaigns c. is analysis of the interest groups and campaign contributors who are backing each candidate, and why they are backing them. d. focuses on the substance of the key issues voters care about, and how the candidates stand on them. e. deals with the campaign game-who's ahead in the polls, what candidate strategies will be, and speculation.

National party leaders who automatically get a delegate slot at the Democratic national party convention are called a. party bosses b. press secretaries c. caucus chairmen d. campaign counsels e. superdelegates

Network television news coverage of national party conventions has a. dramatically increased in response to the growing significance of national conventions in selecting presidential and vice presidential candidates. b. dramatically decreased in response to the declining significance of national conventions in selecting presidential and vice-presidential candidates. c. experienced audiences that pale in comparison to the size of audiences for popular shows such as American Idol. d. experienced drastically larger audiences than news coverage of national party conventions in earlier decades. e. both b and c

News management in the Reagan White House operated on each of the following principles EXCEPT A. revving helicopter engines so the president would not be able to hear reporters' questions and not have to answer them. B. talk about the issues you want to talk about. C. Stay on the offensive D. control the flow of information E. expand reporters' access to the president.

On the issue of slaves, the Constitution specified A. that slavery would be banned beginning in 1800. B. nothing; it was too controversial a subject and the delegates could not agree on anything regarding it. C. a boundary, known as the Mason-Dixon line, south of which slavery would be legal. D. that a gradual end to slavery must be worked out by Congress and the states within ten years. E. that slaves would count as three-fifths persons for counting the nation's population and determining seats in the House.

Patrick Henry's exclamation, "Give me liberty or give me death," was an expression of which element of the American creed? a. egalitarianism b. populism c. individualism d. laissez-faire e. liberty

Patronage a. is an incentive given by national party offices b. is the deference that elected officials give to their campaign contributors in making policy decisions c.is commonly used by political parties today d. is based on merit and competence e. was an inducement of jobs and financial rewards given for political reasons by party machines.

Proponents of a national primary argue that it would a. simplify the nomination process b. equalize the relative weight of votes across the states c. increase public understanding of the issues at state in the nomination contest d. shorten the length of the campaign e. all of the above

Sampling error describes A. how many samples a survey estimate is based on. B. how many samples are incorrect. C. how often a sample statistic is correct. D. what percentage of the sample is provided answers to the questions. E. how close a sample estimate is to the real population value.

The "Contract with America" refers to a. Republican promises for reform following the 1994 GOP takeover of the House. b. Democratic promises for reform following the 2006 takeover the House. c. the brainchild of Dick Cheney and Newt Gingrich. D. an attempt on the part of Republicans to offer Americans a positive program for reshaping policy and reforming how Congress works. e. A, C, and D

The British government stepped up its controls over the American colonies with new taxes and stronger commerce right after A. King Philip's War B. the Civil War C. King George's War D. the assassination of the Duke of Windsor E. the French and Indian War

The Constitution states that Congress has the power to establish post offices. This is an example of A. shared powers B. implied powers C. reserved powers D. delegated powers E. enumerated powers

The FCC's licensing authority stipulates that stations must A. serve the public interest B. provide average citizens with the ability to present their views on the nation's airwaves. C. comply with fair treatment rules. D. all of the above E. both A and C

The Lockean phrase, "life, liberty, and property," captures Locke's belief that A. the preservation of property was the end of government B. government could not take away man's property without his consent C. happiness was secondary to the right to own land D. all of the above E. both A and B

The Supreme Court's 1999 ruling in Department of Commerce v. U.S. House of Representatives A. held that sampling could not be used to determine the number of congressional districts each state is entitled to. B. left open the possibility that sampling could be used to adjust the census count for purposes other than determining the number of congressional districts each state is entitled to. C. prohibited all sampling techniques for the purposes of conducting the census. D. permitted the use of sampling in all cases, to make the decennial census an easier task. E. A and B

The U.S. troop invasion of Iraq resulted from a a. regulation b. congressional statute c. court decision d. budgetary choice e. presidential action

The ____________ stipulates that if a station sells advertising time to one candidate, it must be willing to sell equal time to other candidates for the same office. A. First Amendment B. Public interest rule C. fair treatment rule D. second amendment E. equal time rule

The debate between the gold standard and free silver occurred during which time period? a. 1796-1824 b. 1932-1964 c. 1828-1856 d. 1968-present e. 1860-1928

The fact that the legal drinking age is 21 across the 50 United States is a good example of A. the tendency for the federal government to ignore state police powers. B. the weakness of the states compared to the federal government C. the influence that national government can wield over state governments through the withholding of federal funds, despite state police power. D. the potential influence of lobbying organizations, such as Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) in a federalist system. E. both C and D

The foundation of Locke's philosophy was that human beings A. determine their own rights. B. are granted rights by their king. C. have rights that are granted them by government D. derive their rights from God E. derive their rights from nature.

The institutions and processes through which public policies are made for a society are collectively called a. the separation of powers b. politics c. federalism d. power e. government

The most valuable method for understanding demographic changes in America is the A. Statistical Abstract of the United States B. Internal Revenue Service statistical tax abstracts C. public opinion poll D. turnout in presidential elections E. census

The overriding bias in the news is toward stories that A. are triangular B. target specific audiences C. are liberal D. include talking heads E. draw large audiences.

The political "party in the electorate" is defined as people who a. walk door-to-door to meet the voters and personally campaign for their party's candidates. b. vote for the candidates from one party. c. work for a party's candidates. d. register as members of a party. e. identify with a party.

The specific goal of the presidential nomination game is to a. win a majority of votes in the electoral college b. beat the other party's candidate in the general election c. win the majority of votes cast in presidential caucuses d. win the majority of votes cast in presidential primaries e. win the majority of delegate votes in order to win the party nomination.

The state that has disproportionate power because it hold the first presidential primary each election year is a. Iowa b. Rhode Island c. California d. New York e. New Hampshire

The supreme power within each of the parties is a. the president b. the national committee c. the state party organizations d. the supreme party court e. the national convention

The who of politics includes voters, candidates, groups and parties; the what refers to the a. media organizations that cover voters, candidates, groups, and parties. b. institutions that respond to voters, candidates, groups, and parties. c. winners and losers d. procedures through which voters, candidates, groups, and parties get what they want e. substance of politics and government-benefits and burdens.

Thomas Patterson found that media coverage of presidential candidates changed from a descriptive framework to a(n) A. empirical framework B. uniform framework C. normative framework D. evaluative framework E. analytical framework

Ticket splitting refers to a. voting with one party in one presidential election, and another party in the next presidential election. b. switching membership in political parties. c. the procedure used to conduct computerized, automated vote counting. d. voting for a party other than the one you identify with. e. voting one party for one office, and another party for other offices.

Which of the following is a chain? A. Associated Press B. MTV C. ABC D. NBC E. Newhouse

Today's campaigns promote ________ in American politics. a. equality b. tremendous opportunities for fraud c. a collective consciousness d. impoverished candidates e. individualism

Today, a majority of the delegates to the national convention are selected through a. state party conventions b. state legislatures c. local party conventions d. party caucuses e. presidential primaries

Today, state presidential caucuses are a. small meetings of the party's county leaders held to select national convention delegates with no other input. b. open only to party activists who have spent a designated amount of time on behalf of the party or its candidates. c. special meetings of state party leaders who elect their state's delegates to the national convention. d. held in most states in order to select national convention delegates. e. open to all registered party voters, or those who claim party allegiance in states with no party registration.

What is the purpose of the FCC? A. To prevent near monopolies of control over broadcast media. B. To conduct periodic examinations of the goals and performance of stations as part of its licensing authority. C. To issue a number of fair treatment rules concerning access to the airwaves for officeholders and candidates. D. To determine whether or not broadcast media are providing accurate information to the American public. E. A, B, and C.

When people vote according to the nature of the times, A. partisan identification becomes an even stronger influence on aggregate voting. B. they are not voting wisely C. they are not making rational choices. D. their opinions are not clearly heard. E. they are more interested in results than ideology and judge presidents by results.

Which of the following did Thomas Patterson find in his analysis of news coverage of presidential candidates? A. media references to presidential candidates Nixon and Kennedy were more favorable than unfavorable. B. the emphasis in reporting on presidential campaigns has changed from covering "what" to "why". C. for every two positive references made in the news media to Bush and Clinton in 1992, there were three negative references. D. both A and C E. all of the above

Which of the following do you need to do to become a Republican or Democrat? a. prove that you've voted for that party b. add your name to a mailing list c. formally join the party d. give money e. all you need to do is believe that you belong to the party of your choice.

Which of the following helps explain the failed government response to Hurricane Katrina? A. open-ended pleas for help from state and local officials were hard for federal officials to interpret. B. the governor was reluctant to "federalize" the Louisiana National Guard because she feared losing authority over it and lacked confidence in the national government. C. Fractured division of responsibility meant that no one person or agency was in charge. D. State and local officials assumed Washington would provide rapid and substantial aid, but leaders in Louisiana and New Orleans were not always sure what they needed. E. All of the above

Which of the following is FALSE? A. since the early 1980's, the average ratings for network news stations (CBS, NBC, ABC) have increased. B. since the early 1980s, the average ratings for network news stations (CBS, NBC, ABC) have decreased. C. Network news stations (CBS, NBC, ABC) remain instrumental in setting the nation's agenda. D. Young Americans are less likely than are older Americans to get their news from network news stations(CBS, NBC, ABC). E. Both A and C

Which of the following is NOT an example of a 527 group? a. Swift Boat Veterans for Truth b. MoveOn.org c. The Republican Party d. The Democratic Party e. both C and D

Which of the following is NOT true of the Articles of Confederation? A. It provided for no judiciary B. It represented a "league of friendship" among the states C. It vested all meaningful power in the states. D. It provided for a unicameral national legislature. E. It gave the president too much power.

Which of the following is TRUE of intergovernmental relations in the United States over the past two centuries? A. there is a greater sharing of powers between the national and state governments B. There has been a gradual shift from dual federalism to cooperative federalism. C. There has been an increase in federal grants-in-aid to the states and localities from the national government. D. Intergovernmental relations are increasingly characterized by fiscal federalism. E. All of the above

Which of the following is TRUE of the Constitution? A. it established states as vital components of the machinery of government. B. it guaranteed states equal representation in the Senate. C. it guaranteed the continuation of each state by forbidding Congress to create new states by dividing existing states without the approval of the existing state. D. it created obligations of the national government toward the state including the obligation to protect states from the invasion. E. all of the above

Which of the following is TRUE? A. Federal law permits up to 800,000 new immigrants to be legally admitted to the U.S. every year. B. In recent years, legal immigrants have outnumbered illegal immigrants. C. Federal law permits up to 100,000 new immigrants to be legally admitted to the U.S. every year. D. In recent years, illegal immigrants have outnumbered legal immigrants E. Both A and D are true.

Which of the following is a power ranted by the Constitution to the states? A. conduct foreign relations B. coin money C. establish local governments D. conduct elections E. Both C and D

Which of the following is covered by Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce according to current Supreme Court interpretation? A. radio signals B. telephone messages C. the internet D. insurance transactions E. all of the above

Which of the following is permissible under current campaign finance regulations? a. Mitt Romney's spending $44 million out of his own pocket in pursuit of the Republican presidential nomination in 2008. b. Ross Perot's spending of over $60 million of his own fortune on his independent bid for the presidency. c. an individual contribution to a congressional candidate in the amount of $5,000 in the 2008 elections d. all of the above e. both a and b

Which of the following statements about American youth is FALSE? a. in 2007 nationwide survey only 37 percent of college freshman said that "keeping up with politics" was an important priority to them. b. political interest among college students rose to record heights following september 11th, surpassing levels of interest among college students of the 1960's. c. american youth are more likely to be informed about politics than are older Americans. d. all of the above e. both b and c

Which of the following statements about public opinion polling is FALSE? A. sample sizes are getting smaller, not larger. B. public opinion polling started in 1932 with George Gallup. C. the amount of public opinion polling has increased in recent years. D. a sample of 1,500 people is enough to relatively accurately reflect the universe of American people. E. public opinion polling is a uniquely American phenomenon.

Which of the following statements about the FCC is FALSE? A. the president makes appointments to the FCC. B. the FCC regulates communications via radio, television, telephone, cable, and satellite. C. The FCC is an independent regulatory agency. D. Congress controls the budget of the FCC. E. the FCC is free from political pressures.

Which of the following statements in TRUE of media coverage of contemporary campaigns according to Karl Rove? A. press coverage tends to dismiss issue positions. B. press coverage tends to focus on the internal workings of the campaign rather than big messages. C. press coverage tends to trivialize campaigns. D. the tone of press coverage is highly cynical and negative. E. all of the above.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Liberal generally think we should spend less on military spending; conservatives are more likely to support maintaining higher levels of military strength. B. Liberals tend to support affirmative action; conservatives tend to oppose it. C. Liberals generally believe that we can solve the problems that cause crime; conservatives believe that we should stop "coddling" criminals. D. Liberals seek to tax the rich more; conservatives seek to maintain the free market and tax the rich less. E. Liberals are more likely to favor military intervention around the globe; conservatives are less willing to commit troops to action.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. average school age children spend more time each week watching TV than they spend at school. B. the older children get, the more television displaces parents as the chief source of information. C. Today's young Americans are more likely than older Americans to pay attention to the news. D. Today's young Americans are more likely than older Americans to read newspapers. E. both A and B

Which of these is NOT part of the FCC's regulation of the airwaves? A. conducting periodic examinations of the goals and performance of stations. B. ensuring that the station serves the public interest. C. limiting the number of stations owned or controlled by one company. D. monitoring the equal time rule E. limiting the ownership of the broadcast media by large conglomerates.

Which president held one thousand press conferences, far more than any other? A. Ronald Reagan B. Bill Clinton C. Richard Nixon D. John F. Kennedy E. Franklin Rossevelt

Who say, "the question is not whether I can get elected. The question is whether I can be elected and not be nuts when I get there"? a. Richard Nixon B. Mitt Romney c. John Kerry d. John McCain e. Walter Mondale

A primary problem with the Articles of Confederation is that it placed too much power in the national legislature and not enough power in the states.

False

Most of the men who were delegates to the Philadelphia Convention were farmers and had little practical political experience.

False

A constitution is never neutral.

True

A faction, according to James Madison, consists of either a majority or minority.

True

James Madison believed that minority tyranny would be thwarted under the new government through the principles of representation established in the Constitution.

True

Publius authored the Federalist Papers.

True

The Connecticut Compromise created a bicameral Congress and a system of representation that ultimately gives greater representation to citizens of less populous states.

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