AP GOV Unit 1 Quiz Questions
A unitary form of government is most likely to appear preferable in the view of (a) liberal U.S. senators facing conservative state legislatures. (b) governors wishing for more control over their states' budgets. (c) mayors seeking funding for urban problems. (d) taxpayers seeking relief from federal income taxes. (e) school officials who oppose Supreme Court rulings.
(a) liberal US Senators facing conservative state legislatures
Ukraine, formerly one of the Soviet republics, had its own local unit of government, yet the Soviet Union was not considered a federal system. This is because, in the former Soviet Union, (a) local governments were not independent of the central government. (b) local government officials were not elected democratically. (c) the central government did not have a constitution. (d) central government officials were appointed by local governments. (e) local governments administered their own laws and ordinances.
(a) local governments were not independent of the central government
The cost of political participation to the average U.S. citizen is less than that to the average French citizen because, in the United States, (a) more small, political constituencies are found than in France. (b) the media give greater coverage to political protest than in France. (c) fewer citizens become involved in political causes than in France. (d) political participation is both protected and encouraged by the U.S. Constitution. (e) political debates are given more media attention in the United States.
(a) more small, political constituencies are found than in France
At one point, the Supreme Court attempted to define the end point of transportation and interstate commerce by focusing on (a) original packaging. (b) miles of travel. (c) number of state boundaries that were crossed. (d) total costs of production as opposed to transportation. (e) storage in warehouses.
(a) original packing
Categorical grants typically require that a state or locality (a) provide matching funds. (b) make no more than one request per year. (c) distribute funds in at least six separate programs. (d) disburse funds in an equal fashion. (e) allow interest groups to lobby for one-half of the overall amount.
(a) provide matching funds
Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government could (a) run the post office. (b) levy taxes. (c) regulate commerce. (d) establish a national judicial system. (e) None of the above
(a) run the post office
According to Tocqueville, Americans are fond of explaining their actions in terms of (a) self-interest. (b) moral precepts. (c) religious commitments. (d) disinterested and spontaneous impulses. (e) philosophical skepticism.
(a) self-interest
The term intergovernmental lobby is used in the text to refer to lobbying activities by (a) state and local officials at the national government. (b) one branch of the national government at another branch. (c) foreign governments in Washington, D.C. (d) federal agencies at statehouses and city halls. (e) governmental units with ties to interest groups.
(a) state and local officials at the national government
Initially, it was supposed that (a) the federal government could regulate interstate commerce. (b) the federal government could regulate interstate and intrastate commerce. (c) the state governments could regulate interstate commerce. (d) the state governments could regulate interstate and intrastate commerce. (e) there was no distinction between interstate and intrastate commerce.
(a) the federal government could regulate interstate commerce
Madison dramatized his perspective in a Federalist paper by observing that "if men were _______, no government would be necessary." (a) Federalists (b) Antifederalists (c) angels (d) aristocrats (e) Puritans
(c) angels
The Federalist papers were A) written at the Constitutional Convention as a way to explain the work that was done there. B) composed by Hamilton and Washington just before the meeting at Annapolis. C) articles written for New York City newspapers. D) adopted by the Constitutional Convention as a substitute for the Bill of Rights. E) rejected by the Federalists as Antifederalist propaganda.
(c) articles written for New York City newspapers
Collecting taxes, building roads, borrowing money, and having courts would be example of ________ powers. A) enumerated B) reserved C) concurrent D) revolving E) complicit
(c) concurrent
To qualify for certain federal highway funds, states must allow drivers to make a legal right-hand turn after stopping at a red light. This requirement by the federal government is known as a (a) mandate. (b) quid pro quo order. (c) condition of aid. (d) pro bono requirement. (e) per curiam order.
(c) condition of aid
Typically, the result of today's bargaining processes is legislation that (a) favors the president. (b) favors Congress. (c) dissatisfies most of the major participants. (d) features little compromise between branches. (e) is popular but not very effective.
(c) dissatisfies most of the major participants
At the time of the Constitutional Convention, the view that a democratic government was desirable was (a) already waning. (b) close to unanimous. (c) beyond debate. (d) held by an elite only. (e) far from unanimous.
(e) far from agreement
The Great Compromise was supported by the votes of delegates from ________ states. (a) thirteen (b) twelve (c) ten (d) nine (e) five
(e) five
In Kelo v. City of New London, the Supreme Court held that the government can seize property (a) for public use. (b) if revenues are short. (c) to promote economic development in distressed communities. (d) if it has the consent of the community. Correct! (e) A and C
(e) for public use and to promote economic development in distressed communities
A statement specific to state powers was not part of the original U.S. Constitution because (a) no such consensus existed at the Constitutional Convention. (b) it was deleted under the Virginia Plan. (c) New York delegates refused to allow discussion on the matter. (d) the U.S. Constitution would not have been ratified. (e) it was assumed to be obvious.
(e) it was assumed to be obvious
Which of the following statements about the Declaration of Independence is correct? (a) It was written primarily by George Washington and James Madison. (b) It primarily focused on concerns over economic inequality. (c) It was a rejection of the philosophy of John Locke. (d) It drew upon the works of Thomas Hobbes. (e) It was essentially a lawyer's brief justifying a revolution.
(e) it was essentially a lawyer's brief justifying a revolution
The first form of grant-in-aid to the states made by the federal government to the state governments was that of (a) cash grants-in-aid. (b) block grants. (c) revenue sharing. (d) categorical grants. (e) land grants.
(e) land grants
Max Weber and the pluralists would be most likely to agree that (a) class warfare is inevitable. (b) written constitutions are mere symbols. (c) multinational corporations make most political decisions today. (d) economic policies are transparent. (e) no single extra-governmental elite controls politics.
(e) no single extra-governmental elite controls politics
Which of the following statements regarding state constitutions is incorrect? (a) They tend to be far more detailed than the federal Constitution. (b) They tend to embody a more expansive view of government than the federal Constitution. (c) They sometimes grant rights not explicitly found in the federal Constitution. (d) They tend to be interpreted in a more progressive manner by state courts. (e) None of the above
(e) none of the above
C. Wright Mills was concerned that a coalition of three groups dominated politics and government. He labeled the members of this coalition "the (a) bourgeoisie." (b) shadow government." (c) leadership triangle." (d) elite ensemble." (e) power elite."
(e) power elite
The Founders assumed that representative democracy would (a) prevent sweeping changes in policy. (b) allow persons with higher levels of education to exercise more power. (c) result in decisions that were generally efficient and timely. (d) often proceed slowly. (e) A and D
(e) prevent sweeping change in policy and often proceed slowly
The goal of the Framers of the U.S. Constitution was to create a(an) A) political system in which majority rule was supreme. B) pure democracy modeled after the New England town meeting. C) pluralist democracy ruled by a political elite. D) autonomous collective. E) republic based on a system of representation.
(e) republic based on a system of representation
The increased role of nonprofit organizations and private groups in policy-making is known as (a) fragmented federalism. (b) devolution. (c) first-order devolution. (d) second-order devolution. (e) third-order devolution.
(e) third-order devolution
Which elite theorist(s) might suggest that the idea of an all-powerful coalition of elites is not particularly useful to an understanding of power because top military officials and elected officials are simply tools of corporate leaders? (a) Marx (b) Weber (c) Mills (d) Weber and Mills (e) Weber and Aristotle
(a) Marx
One conspicuous feature of most state constitutions was A) a detailed bill of rights. B) separation of powers. C) a strong executive branch. D) disregard for individual rights. E) economic regulation.
(a) a detailed bill of rights
The interstate commerce that the federal government can regulate is now interpreted to include (a) almost any kind of economic activity. (b) only the movement of goods between states. (c) almost any commerce in goods, but not labor transactions. (d) commerce between states and a handful of transactions within states. (e) shipping and handling, but not production.
(a) almost any kind of economic activity
According to the text, the Supreme Court has generally excluded ________ from many of the restrictions addressed in commerce clause cases. (a) baseball players (b) lawyers (c) janitors (d) window washers (e) farmers
(a) baseball players
What types of federal funds are most likely to be critical for an agency that depends on the federal government for its existence? (a) Categorical grants (b) Block grants (c) Fund grants (d) Revenue-sharing programs (e) Project enhancement grants
(a) categorical grants
The doctrine of dual federalism grew out of a protracted debate on the subject of (a) commerce. (b) banking. (c) manufacturing. (d) welfare. (e) licensing of commercial fishermen.
(a) commerce
An individual who thinks that government does too much, not too little, would be likely to support a (a) constitutional amendment that requires a balanced budget each year. (b) broadening of the authority of federal courts. (c) repeal of the president's current line-item veto power. (d) more democratic system that calls for frequent elections and greater attention to the special-interest claims of citizens.
(a) constitutional amendment that requires a balanced budget each year
The text suggests that, in the United States, no government at any level would be considered legitimate if it were not in some sense (a) democratic. (b) altruistic. (c) humanitarian. (d) elitist. (e) aristocratic.
(a) democratic
The text says that it would be a mistake to conclude that the doctrine of dual federalism is (a) entirely dead. (b) alive and well. (c) much changed. (d) no longer a threat. (e) an empirical reality.
(a) entirely dead
Those powers that are given to the national government exclusively are ________ powers. (a) enumerated (b) reserved (c) concurrent (d) revolving (e) complicit
(a) enumerated
The Pennsylvania constitution was (a) hailed by philosophers in France. (b) used as a model in Germany. (c) based on documents from Russia. (d) created by immigrants from Spain. (e) the cause of several riots in Great Britain.
(a) hailed by philosophers in France
Sentiment of the various state delegations to the Constitutional Convention toward slavery can best be described as (a) highly mixed, with many states strongly opposed and others strongly in favor of slavery. (b) unified and strongly opposed to slavery. (c) largely divided according to class, with urban and commercial delegates mostly in favor of slavery. (d) unified and strongly in favor of slavery. (e) uninformed as to the widespread nature of the practice of slavery.
(a) highly mixed, with many states strongly opposed and others strongly in favor of slavery
The central issue in the framing of the U.S. Constitution was that of (a) how strong to make the national government. (b) how best to divide powers among the branches of government. (c) how best to break with Great Britain. (d) how to adopt liberty but still allow slaveholding. (e) how to create a truly independent judiciary.
(a) how strong to make the national government
Locke suggested that the chief limitation on government should derive from the fact that it A) is created by the consent of the governed. B) has checks and balances. C) is separated into various branches. D) was not found in the state of nature. E) cannot function without military strength.
(a) is created by the consent of the governed
One reason why revenue sharing has proved unsuccessful as a means of distributing federal money to local governments is that it (a) lacks strong local political support. (b) is too vulnerable to political lobbying. (c) requires annual congressional approval. (d) encourages rivalry among states competing for federal money. (e) rarely builds consensus among leaders in Washington.
(a) lacks strong local political support
According to the text, both revenue sharing and block grants have enjoyed only marginal success, in part because (a) the federal government steadily increased the number of strings attached to such grants. (b) money from categorical grants shrank so low as to make these other grants essential. (c) these grants were based on local priorities rather than on the needs of the nation as a whole. (d) these grants discouraged federal control over how the money was to be used. (e) these grants were not attractive to members of Congress.
(a) the federal government steadily increased the number of strings attached to such grants
Democracy was defined as the competitive struggle for people's votes by (a) Joseph Stalin. (b) Joseph Schumpeter. (c) Max Weber. (d) Karl Marx. (e) Soren Kierkegaard.
(b) Joseph Schumpeter
Which theorist suggested that a coalition of three groups dominates politics and government? (a) Karl Marx (b) C. Wright Mills (c) Martin Lipset (d) David Truman (e) Max Weber
(b) Mills
A block grant is essentially a (a) grant that benefits a single, local unit (or block). (b) group of categorical or project grants. (c) reverse grant-in-aid, by which money flows from states back to the federal government. (d) project grant with tighter restrictions. (e) a project grant with less federal support.
(b) a group of categorical or project grants
One way to reduce the separation of powers called for in the U.S. Constitution would be to (a) allow the president to serve two consecutive terms in office. (b) allow Congress or the president to call for special elections between regular elections. (c) forbid the president from appointing members of Congress to serve in the cabinet. (d) reduce the term of office for members of the House of Representatives from four years to two years. (e) forbid the president from selecting cabinet members.
(b) allow Congress or the president to call for special elections between regular elections
Separation of powers and federalism were two key principles in the framing of the U.S. Constitution. These two principles are related in that each A) requires a strong central government elected by a popular majority. B) involves a system of checks and balances in which power is dispersed. C) grants power to a political elite that acts on behalf of the people. D) reflects a need for "political virtue"—frugality, industry, temperance, and simplicity. E) implies that it is sometimes necessary to exercise unrestrained power.
(b) involves a system of checks and balances in which power is dispersed
A city council representative faces an important vote on how much, if any, money to spend on a new school. The representative relies on a poll of her constituents to make a decision. This is in keeping with the form of politics known as (a) participatory politics. (b) majoritarian politics. (c) pluralist politics. (d) elitist politics. (e) reciprocal politics.
(b) majoritarian politics
In Federalist No. 45, Madison describes the powers of state governments as (a) broad but limited. (b) numerous and indefinite. (c) narrow but critical. (d) limited and subject to review. (e) without substance.
(b) numerous and indefinite
Which of the following was not one of the reasons federal grants were attractive to state officials? (a) Federal government budget surpluses (b) Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment (c) The potency of the federal income tax (d) The appearance of "free money" for the states (e) The ability of the federal government to print money
(b) passage of the 15th Amendment
The text insists that, if we wish to understand power, we must also understand (a) powerlessness. (b) preferences. (c) economics. (d) ambiguities. (e) weakness.
(b) preferences
Those powers that are given exclusively to the states are ________ powers. (a) enumerated (b) reserved (c) concurrent (d) revolving (e) complicit
(b) reserved powers
Federalism in the United States means that when Washington wants to send money to one state or congressional district it must (a) justify the decision in writing. (b) send money to many states and districts. (c) send money in as direct a manner as possible. (d) act swiftly, without regard to other states and districts. (e) remove controversy from the process by press releases.
(b) send money to many states and districts
In a referendum, citizens express their opinions about issues with (a) letters. (b) the ballot. (c) town meetings. (d) petitions. (e) A and D
(b) the ballot
The line-item veto would allow a president to (a) send a bill back to Congress for reconsideration. (b) veto part of a bill while approving the rest. (c) suspend the enactment of a bill temporarily. (d) veto a bill if Congress were not in session. (e) veto a bill within six hours of passage.
(b) veto part of a bill while approving the rest
In ruling that the government cannot require local police to conduct background checks on all gun purchases, the Court held that to do so would be a violation of the __________ Amendment. (a) Fifth (b) Sixth (c) Tenth (d) Fourteenth (e) None of the above
(c) 10th
Shays's Rebellion, an early test of the powers of the Articles of Confederation, took place in (a) Virginia. (b) Rhode Island. (c) Massachusetts. (d) Maryland. (e) Pennsylvania.
(c) Massachusetts
Which of the following is not a way in which Congress can check the federal courts? (a) Refusing to approve a person nominated to be a judge (Senate only) (b) Changing the number of the lower courts (c) Overturning a court decision with a two-thirds vote in the Senate (d) Using the impeachment powers to remove a judge from office (e) Changing the jurisdiction of the lower federal courts
(c) Overturning a court decision with two-thirds vote in the Senate
Under the Virginia Plan, acts of the national legislature could have been vetoed by (a) the president. (b) the Supreme Court. (c) a council of revision. (d) any federal court. (e) no one—they would have been supreme.
(c) a council of revision
Three-fifths of the slaves were counted for purposes of (a) electing state legislatures. (b) apportioning delegates to presidential conventions. (c) allotting seats in the House of Representatives. (d) assigning delegates to state conventions. (e) allotting seats in the Senate.
(c) allotting seats in the House of Representatives
A number of the Framers of the U.S. Constitution held government IOUs. Why should ownership of government debt have influenced a Framer's support for the Constitution? (a) If you owned IOUs, you probably also owned slaves and therefore wanted the national government to survive. (b) If you owned IOUs, you had a strong economic motive for wanting the national government to fail. (c) If you owned IOUs, you had a strong economic motive for wanting the national government to survive. (d) If you owned IOUs, you probably also owned slaves and therefore wanted the national government to fail. (e) If you owned IOUs, you were probably satisfied with the army under the Articles and wanted the national government to survive.
(c) if you owned IOUs, you had a strong economic motive for wanting the national government to survive
Which of the following statements about the federal system adopted at the Constitutional Convention is most accurate? (a) It had been tried without success in other countries. (b) It was adopted as an alternative to a confederate system, in which local governments are granted a specially protected existence. (c) It granted supreme authority to neither national nor state government. (d) It specifically reserved powers not delegated to the United States by the U.S. Constitution to the states. (e) It guaranteed the dominance of the states for several hundred years.
(c) it granted supreme authority to neither national nor state government
Compared to the Pennsylvania state constitution of 1776, the constitution adopted by Massachusetts in 1780 was (a) less democratic, with power residing largely in the hands of a strong executive council. (b) more democratic, with power residing largely in the hands of the people through town meetings. (c) less democratic, with a clear separation of powers among the various branches of government. (d) more democratic, with power given to a one-house legislature, the members of which were elected to one-year terms. (e) more democratic, with power residing largely in the hands of the courts.
(c) less democratic, with a clear separation of powers among the various branches of government
Under a unitary system of government, which of the following political outcomes would be highly unlikely? (a) A group of farmers staging a massive demonstration by parking their trucks at the capitol (b) Terrorists holding a city hostage with the threat of a nuclear detonation (c) Senators from a particular region of the country blocking the passage of major civil rights legislation (d) The national government sending troops into a region of the country that is threatening to secede (e) The national government raising taxes
(c) senators from a particular region of the country blocking the passage of major civil rights legislation
Marx's view of government would dispose one to view an administration's proposal of a large military budget as a(n) (a) search for national security. (b) exercise in bargaining and compromise. (c) service to defense corporations. (d) threat to world peace. (e) ploy to appease the international community.
(c) service to defense corporations
The U.S. Constitution contained no bill of rights because, among other things, (a) liberty—not rights—was the chief concern of such bills. (b) the U.S. Constitution was ratified before a bill of rights was deemed necessary. (c) the Framers thought they were creating a government with specific, limited powers. (d) special-interest groups forced the changes after the document was ratified. (e) Hamilton and Madison opposed the addition of such.
(c) the Framers thought they were creating a government with specific, limited powers
Block grants were designed to remedy a common criticism of categorical grants, namely, (a) their lack of specificity. (b) the lack of conditions under which such grants were made. (c) the difficulty of adapting them to local needs. (d) their discriminatory nature decisions are too often based on politics. (e) their lack of relevance to problems that were perceived to be "national" in nature.
(c) the difficult of adapting them to local needs
The Bill of Rights to the U.S. Constitution was intended to limit the power of A) state governments over citizens. B) citizens to amend the U.S. Constitution. C) the federal government. D) legislatures to amend the U.S. Constitution. E) All of the above
(c) the federal government
The text suggests that the Supreme Court has given "new life" to the ________ Amendment. (a) Fourth (b) Sixth (c) Seventh (d) Eleventh (e) Eighteenth
(d) 11th
During the battle over slavery, the case for nullification was forcefully presented by (a) William Jennings Randolph. (b) Robert E. Lee. (c) William Graham Sumner. (d) John C. Calhoun. (e) J. E. B. Stuart.
(d) Calhoun
The New Jersey Plan was a reaction by some states primarily to the fear that (a) legislative veto power called for by the Virginia Plan would seriously undermine individual states' rights. (b) the weak central government devised by the Virginia Plan would grant too much power to rural states. (c) the strong central government devised by the Virginia Plan would grant too much power to small states. (d) the Virginia Plan gave too much power to populous states. (e) Hamilton's suggestions about the executive branch would be accepted by the convention.
(d) The Virginia Plan gave too much power to populous states
Madison's confidence in the usefulness of separation of powers rested on the assumption that A) the strongest would survive. B) human nature was basically good. C) no one would purposely seek power. D) ambitions would counteract each other. E) government would create virtuous citizens.
(d) ambitions would counteract each other
Marxists claim that, in modern society, the two major classes contending for power are the city dwellers and farmers. (a) industrialists and capitalists. (b) government and proletariat. (c) intelligentsia and bourgeoisie. (d) capitalists and workers.
(d) capitalists and workers
The pluralist view of political reality emphasizes the ________ of political resources. (a) coordination (b) duplication (c) irrelevance (d) decentralization (e) reciprocity
(d) decentralization
Those who would support a reduction in the separation of powers might argue for all of the following except to (a) allow members of Congress to be appointed to the cabinet. (b) require presidential and congressional candidates to run as a team in each congressional district. (c) extend the length of the president's term. (d) extend the length of terms for members of the House. (e) extend the length of terms for senators.
(e) extend the length of terms for senators
Elite theory is based on all of the following premises except which one? (a) Majoritarian politics are not always controlling. (b) When majoritarian politics are not controlling, policy is likely to be shaped by those who go through the trouble to be active participants in politics. (c) In general, the number of active participants in politics will be small (relative to the total number of potential participants). (d) Despite their small numbers, those who are active participants in politics generally reflect the types of people in the general population and the viewpoints of most citizens. (e) The actual distribution of power, even in a democracy, will depend importantly on the composition of the political elites.
(d) despite their small numbers, those who are active participants in politics generally reflect the types of people in the general population and the viewpoints of most citizens
Initially, the states were supposed to have the power to regulate commerce related to (a) prostitution. (b) lotteries. (c) liquor. (d) farming. (e) harmful food and drugs.
(d) farming
Public mood in the thirteen states between the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence and the signing of the U.S. Constitution can best be described as A) confident and calmly optimistic. B) warlike but with a common spirit of right and justice. C) brash and arrogant. D) fearful and tumultuous. E) unified and fearless.
(d) fearful and tumultuous
The Articles of Confederation attempted to create a A) strong central government. B) unified collective. C) unitary system. D) league of friendship. E) federal system.
(d) league of friendship
The power of the people—popular majority rule—was limited by the U.S. Constitution in several ways, including by A) establishing a directly elected House of Representatives. B) granting lawmaking powers to the judicial branch of government. C) concentrating political power in a single, supreme legislature. D) making the amending of the U.S. Constitution relatively difficult. E) removing all formal titles from the heads of government.
(d) making the amending of the US Constitution relatively difficult
Which of the following conceptualizes the widest distribution of political power or places it in the largest number of hands? (a) Karl Marx (b) C. Wright Mills (c) Max Weber (d) The pluralists (e) The power elite
(d) pluralists
The contribution of Madison's arguments to the ratification of the Constitution may very well have been out weighed by (a) Hamilton's arguments on commerce. (b) popular resentment against the executive under the Articles. (c) popular resentment against the judiciary under the Articles. (d) political realities and bitter experiences under the Articles. (e) his personal popularity.
(d) political realities and bitter experiences under the Articles
The flow of power and money from the states to local governments is known as (a) fragmented federalism. (b) devolution. (c) first-order devolution. (d) second-order devolution. (e) third-order devolution.
(d) second-order devolution
The Declaration explicitly stated that governments were instituted among men to (a) improve human nature. (b) create equality. (c) protect borders. (d) secure rights. (e) punish criminals.
(d) secure rights
The Violence Against Women Act of 1994 was conspicuous because it allowed women who were the victims of gender-based violence to (a) sue the families of their attackers. (b) collect fees from businesses. (c) file class action suits on behalf of high school students. (d) sue in federal court. (e) collect up to $60 million in punitive damages.
(d) sue in federal court
A 2006 study found that the highest number of unfunded mandates concerned (a) intrastate commerce. (b) the Internet. (c) civil rights. (d) the environment. (e) education policy.
(d) the environment
Madison's description of federalism in Federalist No. 46 suggests there should be little concern over conflicts between the federal and state governments because (a) the federal government would clearly be the winner in such conflicts. (b) the state government would clearly be the winner in such conflicts. (c) such conflicts would occur only on minor issues of importance. (d) they are different agents with different powers. (e) the judicial branch would settle such disputes.
(d) they are different agents with different powers
Among the many compromises worked out at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 after the adoption of the Great Compromise was that of the (a) adoption of a five-year term of office for the president. (b) selection of the Supreme Court by the Senate. (c) popular election of members of the House of Representatives. (d) use of an electoral college for choosing a president. (e) an elective monarchy.
(d) use of an electoral college for choosing a president
In part, the Federalist papers contain the results of studies of various forms of government assembled by (a) Benjamin Franklin. (b) Thomas Jefferson. (c) John Adams. (d) George Washington. (e) James Madison.
(e) James Madison
Federal courts have fueled the growth of mandates by litigation involving (a) prison construction. (b) school desgregation. (c) police brutality. (d) the hiring of fire fighters. (e) All of the above
(e) all of the above
Why do members of Congress who represent the interests of localities to the federal government pass laws that create so many problems for the mayors and governors of these localities? (a) Because the structure of Congress is such that the interests of localities are rarely taken into account (b) Because the power of political parties to influence the votes of party members is so great (c) Because mayors and governors frequently resent federal interference in local affairs (d) Because most members of Congress regard their role as that of representing the national government to localities (e) Because members of Congress often represent different constituencies from the same localities
(e) because members of congress often represent different constituencies from the same localities
Variants of direct democracy include programs of citizen participation and (a) interest group cooperation. (b) guerrilla warfare. (c) competitive elections. (d) political party centralism. (e) community control.
(e) community control
Representative democracy allows individuals to gain political power through (a) media campaigns. (b) quadrennial elections. (c) nonpartisan elections. (d) reciprocal elections. (e) competitive elections.
(e) competitive elections
The difference between a mandate and a condition of aid is that (a) with a mandate the federal government tells a state government what it must do if it wants grant money. (b) a mandate applies to a block grant; a condition of aid applies to a categorical grant. (c) a mandate applies to a categorical grant; a condition of aid applies to a block grant. (d) with a mandate the federal government allows the state to do as it pleases if its actions are in accordance with federal law. (e) with a mandate it makes no difference who is paying the costs of a program.
(e) with a mandate it makes no difference who is paying the costs of a program
