AP Gov Unit 4 Second Test

Interest-group pluralism refers to a system in which

many interest groups compete to influence government policy

The nature of the social and political cleavages in China and Russia are different because in China

the Communist Party is still one important and stable channel of upward mobility, while in Russia it is not

In relations with the European Union, the two British parties that have had the most uniformly stable and favorable attitudes are

Liberal Democrats and Scottish Nationalists

Which institution has responsibility for organizing federal elections in Mexico?

The Institute of Federal Elections (IFE)

Which of the following statements about the 2011 Nigerian presidential election is most accurate?

The election was relatively free and fair, according to most observers.

The voting behavior of members of the British House of Commons is principally determined by their

party affiliation

Which is the most common selection method for members of the United Kingdom's House of Lords?

Being nominated by the prime minister and approved by the monarch

Which of the following best explains why both Nigeria and the United Kingdom have two major political parties?

Both countries' electoral systems use single-member districts with first-past-the-post rules, which tend to favor catch-all parties.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the current political party systems in Russia and China?

China has a one-party system, while Russia has a dominant-party system.

Which of the following best describes a pluralist interest-group system's policy-making process?

Competition among autonomous groups

A pluralist system is characterized by which of the following?

Competition among interest groups over public policy

In which of the following types of systems is economic policy necessarily negotiated among government, labor, and industry?

Corporatist

The Green Movement in Iran in 2009 was a result of which of the following?

Corruption in presidential election

China's current economic and political systems can best be described as which of the following?

Economic System: Mixed Political System: Authoritarian

Which of the following statements best represents the outcomes of the two elections illustrated above?

Figure A shows the outcome in a first-past-the-post electoral system, while Figure B shows the outcome in a proportional representation system

Which of the following best explains how the change described by the author affects policy making in Mexico?

Greater competition among groups may lead to inconsistent policy making at times.

Which of the following accurately compares social movements in AP Comparative Government and Politics course countries?

In Nigeria, the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) protested unjust methods of extraction and distribution of oil, while Iran's Green Movement protested electoral corruption.

Which of the following best explains the impact of electoral rules on the number of effective political parties in the legislatures in Russia and the United Kingdom?

In Russia, electoral rules have limited the number of parties in the legislature, while in the United Kingdom, electoral rules have allowed regional parties to win legislative seats while maintaining a system with two major parties

Which of the following statements is an accurate comparison of the 2009 presidential election in Iran and the 2006 presidential election in Mexico?

In both elections, allegations of fraud were brought by the losing party.

Which of the following explain the effects of different party system between two countries studied in the AP Comparative Government and Politics course?

In the United Kingdom, single-member plurality districts have created a two-party system, whereas in Iran formal political parties do not exist.

Which of the following groups would most likely support Britain's Conservative Party?

Individuals who oppose the adoption of Europe's common currency

Which of the following accurately compares interest groups and social movements?

Interest groups are organized to advocate for a specific policy issue, whereas social movements advocate for broad social change.

Which of the following pairs of countries both require that the chief executive receive an absolute majority of the public's votes to be elected?

Iran and Russia

Which of the following is true of coalition government?

It tends to result from a fragmented legislature and can be unstable

Based on the table above, which political party in Great Britain would gain the most seats from a change to proportional representation?

Liberal Democrat

What is a similarity between elections for the United Kingdom's House of Commons and elections for the Nigerian House of Representatives?

Members are directly elected by plurality in single-member districts

Which of the following is a difference between the legislative electoral systems in Mexico and Britain?

Members of the British House of Commons are elected in single-member districts, and members of the Mexican Chamber of Deputies are elected in single-member districts and through proportional representation.

Which of the following best explains a characteristic of elections in Mexico and Nigeria?

Mexico and Nigeria both have independent electoral commissions to reduce the impact of corrupt practices upon election results

Which two countries use both first-past-the-post and proportional representation systems in elections to the lower house of the legislature?

Mexico and Russia

Which is the best explanation for why the Mexican Chamber of Deputies has a higher proportion of women legislators than the United Kingdom Parliament?

Mexico has gender quota legislation requiring parties to place a minimum percentage of women on their party lists, while the United Kingdom does not.

Which of the following is true of the electoral systems for the legislatures in Nigeria and Mexico?

Mexico uses a mix of proportional and first-past-the-post representation while Nigeria uses only first-past-the-post.

Which of the following is a consequence of one-party rule in China?

Minor parties have limited influence on policy making in China.

Which of the following is a common criticism of first-past-the-post voting systems?

Minority groups may be underrepresented

Which of the following is true of political participation and parties in China and Mexico?

Parties other than the Chinese Communist Party are allowed to exist in China, while most Mexican voters in the 2018 election identified with the PRI, PAN, MORENA.

Why do single-member district (SMD) electoral systems tend to promote two-party systems?

Only one candidate can win in a SMD electoral system, so minor parties are less likely to win.

Which of the following refers to the array of political parties operating in a particular country and the nature of the relationship between them?

Party system

Which of the following best explains an implication of the author's argument as it relates to the Mexican state?

Pluralism in Mexico will promote competition among groups not linked to the state

Which of the following statements comparing pluralism and corporatism is correct?

Pluralism leads more often to public debates and controversies, whereas corporatism is associated more often with negotiations among elites.

Which of the following is an accurate explanation of the difference between political party systems in Iran and the United Kingdom?

Political parties in Iran are unable to effectively support candidates for election and are not well-established, while in the United Kingdom, political parties are free to compete and the election rules in place have resulted in a system with two major parties.

Which of the following is NOT a political party operating in the United Kingdom?

Progressive Royalists Party

Which of the following election systems is most likely to produce the largest number of competitive political parties?

Proportional representation

Which of these countries has had a dominant-party system since 2000 ?

Russia

Before the Mexican elections of 2000, the presidential nominee of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) had been chosen by which of the following processes?

Selection by the sitting president

Which of the following is true of federalism in Mexico?

Since the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) no longer dominates electoral politics, governors have become more willing to exercise their formal powers.

Which of the following accurately compares how party systems affect citizen participation in two countries studied in the AP Comparative Government and Politics course?

Single-member-district plurality elections in the United Kingdom limit citizen interest in participation by diminishing the number of parties, whereas in Nigeria, despite also having single-member-district plurality elections, there is an abundance of political parties from which citizens can choose.

Which of the following best describes how social movements differ from interest groups?

Social movements tend to be less formally organized than interest groups.

Which of the following is the best example of corporatism?

State-sanctioned business or civil organizations meant to represent the public

Which of the following statements best describes electoral systems that use proportional representation?

Such systems tend to encourage a proliferation of small parties.

Which of the following best describes the trend in the data for the Communist Party?

The Communist Party has consistently been one of the top three parties to receive seats in the Duma, and it was the largest party in 1999.

Which of the following explains the effect the Guardian Council's powers have on presidential candidates in Iran?

The Guardian Council restricts the number of reform-minded presidential candidates limiting the number of candidates

Which of the following is an implication for competitiveness of the electoral process in Nigeria and Iran?

The Nigerian government has established an independent electoral commission to encourage competitiveness in elections, while the Iranian government continues to impose strict limits on who can run for office.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the varying geographic distribution of the electoral support received by the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) and the National Action Party (PAN) in Mexico since 2000 ?

The PAN receives significantly more support in northern Mexico than the PRD does.

Since 2000, which of the following political parties has held the executive branch of its respective country for the longest period?

The People's Democratic Party of Nigeria

Which of the following pairs of countries uses only single-member districts in the electoral system for its legislature?

The United Kingdom and Nigeria

Facing worsening air pollution and environmental degradation, Chinese citizens have been increasingly organizing in large, informal groups to protest and mobilize for change. This is an example of which of the following?

The development of a social movement

Which of the following issues from the past ten years have led to significant public protests in Russia?

The election fraud and corruption of the government

Which of the following is an implication of political parties in both Iran and Russia?

The irrelevance of the traditional left-right ideological spectrum has reduced the importance of political parties in both countries.

Which of the following best describes the trend in the data for Independents?

The number of Independents decreased between 1993 and 2016.

Which of the following describes how the Mexican president is elected?

The president is chosen using a plurality formula, where the candidate who wins the most votes in a single round is elected president.

Which of the following is the reason for Nigeria's electoral rule that presidential candidates must secure at least 25 percent of the vote in two-thirds of all states?

The president must have support among a broad cross section of Nigeria's diverse population

Which of the following best describes how members of Iran's Guardian Council are selected?

The supreme leader selects six members and the judiciary selects the other six members with Majles approval.

Political diversity in Iran's Majles is most constrained by which of the following?

The vetting of candidates by the Guardian Council

Which of the following best describes the trend in the data in the table?

There was a decline in the number of parties in the Russian parliament between 1993 and 2016 and a shift to a dominant party.

Which of the following best describes pluralist systems?

They promote competition among autonomous groups not linked to the state.

Which of the following is a true statement about the adoption of competitive elections in Chinese villages?

They were initiated by the state to control local corruption and incompetent leaders.

Which of the following is a consequence of the United Kingdom's single-member district plurality electoral system?

Third parties without specific regional support are often underrepresented in Parliament.

Which of the following groups would most likely support Mexico's Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD) ?

Urban workers

Which of the following best explains an implication of the author's argument on Mexican officials' relationship with citizens?

With the move from corporatism toward pluralism, state officials will have less control over the demands of groups in society.

For most of its history, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in Mexico has been

a dominant party

Party discipline in Great Britain tends to be strong because

a government's tenure in the House of Commons relies on its ability to maintain party support

Small parties in a single-member district plurality system are more likely to win seats when they

appeal to a geographically concentrated population

One similarity between Russia's Duma and China's National People's Congress is that both have

been dominated by one political party

A pluralist interest group system is best characterized by

competition among multiple associational groups

An interest group system that controls access to policy making by relying on state-sanctioned groups to represent labor, business, and agricultural sectors is

corporatist

From the 1930's through the 1990's, the structure of Mexico's organized labor interactions would be best described as

corporatist

The organizing principle of the Chinese Communist Party is

democratic centralism

The number of political parties in a democratic legislature will most likely be influenced by the country's

electoral system

The electoral system in the United Kingdom tends to

exaggerate the scale of victory of the largest party

A corporatist political system is one in which

formal relationships exist between the government and recognized interest groups

Compared with first-past-the-post, a proportional representation electoral system

gives third parties a better chance at winning seats in a legislature

When deciding which party to vote for in an election, Russian voters are generally influenced most by the party's

leader

Compared to parties in a proportional-representation system, parties in a single-member-district system are typically

less ideological and less class-based

A second round of voting is held in a Russian presidential election when

no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round

One of the chief criticisms of corporatism is that it

often limits representative processes

Coalition government is likelier to occur in

parliamentary democracies with proportional representation electoral systems

The "first-past-the-post" electoral system in Great Britain is based on

single-member districts

Public policy in Nigeria is influenced by both domestic and international factors. All of the following factors are central to the Nigerian policy-making process EXCEPT

single-party dominance in the legislature

An electoral system based on proportional representation is more likely than a system based on single member districts to encourage

the development of a multiparty system

Interest groups tend to have a minimal impact on individual legislators in parliamentary systems because

the strength of political parties gives individual legislators less power over policy

The type of party system in a particular country is most influenced by the

type of electoral systems used for legislative elections

The occurrence of elections in typical parliamentary systems is

variable