AP Government and Politics (Civil Liberties)

"Just as the Fourth Amendment's right to privacy has been declared enforceable against the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth, it is enforceable by the same sanction . . . as is used against the federal government. Were it otherwise, . . . the assurance against unreasonable searches and seizures would be 'a form of words,' valueless . . . 'in the concept of ordered liberty." Justice Tom Clark, Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Which two principles are addressed in the excerpt above? 1.) The incorporation doctrine 2.) The concept of eminent domain 3.) The exclusionary rule 4.) The "wall of separation" doctrine

1 and 3

Which of following amendments does this describe? "the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated...."

4th Amendment

What amendment states that, "The accused shall enjoy the right...to have the assistance of council for his defense."

6th Amendment

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an action that would be protected by the free exercise clause in the First Amendment?

A person wears a necklace bearing a Christian cross to work.

Which of the following applications of affirmative action would the United States Supreme Court likely consider unconstitutional?

A state university refuses acceptance of any new applicants from a specific race.

Which of the following would most likely be protected by the First Amendment?

A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war.

Court held that a coerced confession is a "harmless error" if other evidence is sufficient for conviction.

Arizona v. Fulminante

In what case did John Marshall state the following: "The Bill of Rights contains no expression indicating an intention to apply them to state government."

Barron v. Baltimore

Discrimination in public accommodations was made illegal in the United States as a direct result of the.....

Civil Rights Act of 1964

To enforce the Fourteenth Amendment more clearly, Congress passed the.....

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Writing for the court in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), a case weighing whether race can be considered in college admissions, Justice Lewis Powell wrote: "Preferring members of any one group for no reason other than race or ethnic origin is discrimination for its own sake. This the Constitution forbids. . . . The . . . goal asserted by petitioner is the attainment of a diverse student body. This clearly is a constitutionally permissible goal for an institution of higher education. . . . The freedom of a university to make its own judgments as to education includes the selection of its student body." According to the quote, what is the likely effect of the Court's ruling in the Bakke case?

Colleges can consider race but cannot use strict racial quotas in admission practices.

The "wall of separation" doctrine refers to the.....

Division of church and state

Miller v. California (1973)

Established that community standards be used in determining whether material is obscene in terms of appealing to prurient interest, being patently offensive, and lacking in value.

8th Amendment

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives

In what case did it state the right to council?

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

Guaranteed a student's right to protest (wearing armbands).

New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)

If a newspaper prints an article that turns out to be false but that the newspaper thought was true at the time of publication, the newspaper has not committed libel.

In Engel v. Vitale (1962), which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling?

It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation.

Which of the following is not true of the case of Reynolds v. US?

It was an establishment case

Which of the following is not true of the "Miranda Rule"?

It was concerned with the rights of the arresting agency.

In the majority opinion of a United States Supreme Court case, Justice Alito wrote, "we now turn directly to the question whether the...right to keep and bear arms is incorporated in the concept of due process. In answering that question, . . . we must decide whether the right to keep and bear arms is fundamental to our scheme of ordered liberty." Which Supreme Court case is most aligned with Justice Alito's reasoning to treat gun ownership for self-defense as a fundamental liberty?

McDonald's v. Chicago (2010)

In this 1958 case, the Supreme Court reaffirmed the right to associate.

NAACP v Alabama

Which of the following cases involved "prior restraint"?

Near v. Minnesota

Which of the following headlines is most relevant to the political cartoon?

Nixon Administration Goes to Court to Stop Pentagon Papers Release.

In this case, the court ruled banned the use of illegal drugs in religious ceremonies.

Oregon v. Smith

In what case did the Supreme Court rule that "obscenity is not within the are of constitutionally protected speech or press."

Roth v. United States

What precedent did the courts decision in Schenk v. United States set?

That the first amendment guaranteed of free speech was not absolute.

Lemon v. Kurtzman

The 1971 Supreme Court decision that established that aid to church-related schools must (1) have a secular legislative purpose; (2) have a primary effect that neither advances nor inhibits religion; and (3) not foster excessive government entanglement with religion.

Roe v. Wade (1973)

The court legalized abortion by ruling that state laws could not restrict it during the first three months of pregnancy. Based on 4th Amendment rights of a person to be secure in their persons.

The Supreme Court has ruled which of the following concerning the death penalty?

The death penalty is not necessarily cruel and unusual punishment.

A public school district implemented a policy that allowed students to vote on whether they wanted a student-led prayer to be read at football games. This policy was later found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. Which of the following clauses did the policy most likely violate?

The establishment clause

All of the following statements reflect positions the Supreme Court has taken with regard to the right of free speech EXCEPT:

There are no acceptable governmental restrictions on free speech.

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)

United States Supreme Court case dealing with the busing of students to promote integration in public schools.

Which of the following cases decided whether a state could compel children to attend school beyond eighth grade even if it violated the students' sincerely held religious beliefs?

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

A writ of habeas corpus refers to.....

a person's right to know the reasons for his or her imprisonment

The Supreme Court addressed the admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003). Justice Sandra Day O'Connor wrote for the court, "in the context of its individualized inquiry into the possible diversity contributions of all applicants, the Law School's race-conscious admissions program does not unduly harm nonminority applicants." The primary issue of controversy in the Grutter v. Bollinger decision involves.....

affirmative action

The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, the Equal Rights Amendment, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 were all directed toward the goal of.....

equality for women

The Supreme Court has consistently ruled that prior restraint is a violation of what freedom?

freedom of press

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) was a significant Supreme Court ruling because it.....

held the "separate but equal" concept to be a violation of the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Which of the following is not true of the exclusionary rule?

it allowed for a guilty plea even if it involved a forced confession.

The Supreme Court ruled school administrator's can exercise "editorial control over the style and content of student speech in school-sponsored expressive activities so long as their actions are reasonably related.

legitimate pedagogical concerns

The clear-and-present danger test devised by the Supreme Court was designed to define the conditions under which public authorities could....

limit free speech

The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to.....

make most rights contained in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states

In Miranda v. Arizona, the United States Supreme Court declared that.....

police must inform criminal suspects of their constitutional rights before questioning suspects after arrest.

There are times when our rights can come into conflict with each other. One of these conflicts is fair trial v. free press. What is the basic contradiction between the two?

press coverage may make it impossible to hold a fair trial

What was the issue in Bethel School District v. Fraser?

right of free speech

What are the two facets of the freedom of assembly?

right to assemble and right to associate

Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade are similar Supreme Court cases in that both cases are based on the

right to privacy

Includes forms of nonverbal communication such as carrying signs, wearing armbands, or burning flags.

symbolic speech

The Right to Privacy

the right to be left alone, which has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to entail individual access to birth control and abortions

Civil rights activists, such as those who campaign for gay and lesbian equal rights and those who advocated for racial equality in the 1950's and 1960's, often find the most effective way to secure those rights is.....

through mass demonstrations to raise awareness of their cause

The "Miranda warning" represents an attempt to protect criminal suspects against.....

unfair police interrogation

Gregg v. Georgia

upheld the death penalty was NOT cruel and unusual punishment

The free-exercise clause protects.....

voluntary prayer by student groups before school.

According to the clear and present danger test, speech may be restricted.....

when it incites violent action