AP Government Unit 2
Which of the following scenarios is an example of the trustee model of representation?
A member of Congress votes to close a popular tax loophole based on the belief that the money would be better spent paying down the national debt.
Which of the following rulings is most likely to cite the Supreme Court's decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) as a legal precedent in support of the decision?
A ruling in favor of students to print their opinions in a school newspaper.
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a member of Congress supporting pork-barrel legislation?
A senator from an agricultural state amending legislation to establish a potato research institute in his or her state.
Which of the following illustrates a situation that would not be protected by the First Amendment due to time, pace, and manner restrictions?
Antibusiness protestors are arrested and prosecuted for shutting down major intersections in New York City's Times Square during rush hour.
Chart: Supreme Court Appellate Jurisdiction Which of the following describes the origin of the United States court system presented in the diagram?
Article III of the Constitution established a Supreme Court, while other federal courts were established by Congress.
Which of the following best describes how the artist likely feels about the demographic history of the Supreme Court?
Because of lifelong terms, while the Executive and Legislative Branches have become more diverse, the Judicial Branch has not.
-Cesar Chavez, "He Showed Us the Way", 1978 Which of the following is a similarity between the views expressed in the excerpt above and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail"?
Both Cesar Chavez and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. argued for the continued use of nonviolence to further their causes.
Chart: Supreme Court Appellate Jurisdiction Which of the following describes the origin of the United States court system presented in the diagram?
Cases arising at both the state and federal level may be appealed to the United States Supreme Court.
Which of the following scenarios best explains how the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment has influenced political behavior?
Civil Rights leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr.. cited constitutional arguments as a basis for opposing segregation and inequality.
Which of the following accurately compares the powers of Congress and the President?
Congress Has Greater Control: Budgetary Policy; President Has Greater Control: Cabinet Appointments.
Which of the following is an example of Congress using its implied powers?
Congress requesting that the Supreme Court review the constitutionality of a state gun-control law.
After extensive polling, a member of the House of Representatives learns that her constituents favor universal background checks for all gun purchases. Based on this information, the representative votes in favor of background checks in a criminal justice bill, although she personally opposes the provision. In doing so, she is acting as a...
Delegate
Which of the following constitutional amendments is most related to the issue shown on the map?
Eighth Amendment.
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the establishment clause and the free exercise clause?
Establishment Clause: Prohibits the federal government from promoting religion or creating a national religion; Free-Exercise Clause: Protects an individual's religious beliefs and reasonable religious practices.
Graph: Percent of Spending Bills Passed on Time (On or Before October 1) by Congress for Each Fiscal Year Which of the following statements is true based on the Bar Graph?
From 2011 to 2016, no stand-alone appropriations bills were passed on time.
Which of the following best describes what the artist is arguing in the cartoon?
Increased partisanship in the Supreme Court is a bad thing.
In the Federalist 78, Alexander Hamilton argued that the federal judiciary "is beyond comparison the weakest of the three departments of power". Which of the following statements represents a reason he gave for this argument?
It must depend on the executive for enforcement of its decisions.
-Brutus 15 Which of the following cases is most related to the quote?
Marbury v. Madison (1803).
-Saul Cornell, A Well-Regulated Militia: The Founding Fathers and the Origins of Gun Control in America, Oxford University Press, 2006 Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to the topic of the article?
McDonald v. Chicago (2010)
Which of the following scenarios best explains the inclusion of Title IX as part of the Education Amendments of 1972?
Members of Congress added the amendment to the bill in response to social movements seeking to address inequality in education for women.
The data illustrates that most conservatives believe that the United States Constitution...
Outlines a framework for government that the Supreme Court should apply strictly regardless of the political or personal preferences of judges.
Congress passes a law requiring that all public accommodations provide access for people with disabilities. The United States Supreme Court rules that the law does not apply to the airline industry. Which of the following is the best way for Congress to provide people with disabilities access to the airline industry in light of the Court's ruling?
Pass a new law that specifies that the airlines must provide access for people with disabilities.
Which of the following best illustrates the point being made in the cartoon above?
Presidents can have influence on public policy far beyond their terms of office.
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of rights protected and not protected by the First Amendment?
Protected by the First Amendment: The right to burn a flag; Not Protected by the First Amendment: Obscenity.
During his confirmation hearing, Chief Justice John Roberts stated that Roe v. Wade (1973) "is the settled law of the land". This statement suggests that in a future case that challenges the constitutionality of legislation restricting privacy and reproductive rights, which of the following should be a key factor in the court's ruling?
Reliance on legal precedent.
A group unhappy with local law enforcement distributes a memo to members encouraging physical confrontations with police officers. The leaders of the group are promptly arrested. Which of the following Supreme Court cases best justifies the actions taken by law enforcement in this scenario?
Schenck v. United States (1919)
A new president has been elected after running on a campaign of lowering taxes and reducing spending on discretionary programs but now must work with Congress to ensure legislation passes which achieves those goals. Which of the leaders in the diagram plays the most crucial role in shaping the legislation that the president wants passed?
Speaker of the House.
If a college's admission policy to reserve twenty seats in its incoming class for applicants belonging to racial minority groups is challenged in the courts, a judge is likely to...
Strike down the policy because reserving seats amounts to a quota system.
Which of the following was an argument used by the Supreme Court in upholding federal statutes outlawing segregation in public accommodations?
Such segregation affected interstate commerce, and Congress therefore had the authority to outlaw it.
After hours of interrogation by police, a suspect confesses to multiple felony offenses. His attorney objected to the admission of the confession because he was not advised of his right to have an attorney present, nor his protection from self-incrimination. Which amendments are most relevant to this scenario?
The Fifth and Sixth Amendments.
A person claiming that the House can pass legislation with a simple majority, but the Senate is unlikely to pass legislation unless a bill has the support of a 60-vote supermajority is most likely to cite which of the following institutional differences as the cause of this trend?
The House has strict limits on debate, while the Senate allows unlimited debate.
What might be a significant effect of "court-packing"?
The Supreme Court will become increasingly partisan.
In Roe v. Wade, the majority of Supreme Court justices determined that...
The United States Constitution implies a right to privacy and thus made abortions legal.
Which of the following is most likely responsible for the increase in the number of Southern African American state legislators between 1960 and 1992 as shown in the graph?
The Voting Rights Act of 1965.
A woman is arrested for possessing illegal substances that were obtained after a warrantless search of her home by local police. Which of the following best explains whether the evidence could be used in a criminal trial?
The due process rights of the Fifth Amendment require that the evidence be reviewed by the prosecution before being admitted as evidence in court.
The clause of the United States Constitution that was used in the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) was...
The equal protection clause.
A public school district implemented a policy that allowed students to vote on whether they wanted a student-led prayer to be read at football games. This policy was later found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court. Which of the following clauses did the policy most likely violate?
The establishment clause.
The Washington Post receives a top secret report that details how the executive branch mishandled a deal made with a foreign nation regarding nuclear weapons. The executive branch attempts to stop the publishing of the report, but the publishers cite the precedent in New York Times Company v. United States (1971) establishing which of the following legal rules?
The heavy presumption against prior restraint.
Which of the following factors most likely led to shifts in Supreme Court decision making over time?
The ideological composition of the justices on the Supreme Court shifted to become less liberal over time.
Which of the following statements is correct based on the bar chart?
The more consistently liberal a person is, the more that person is likely to believe that the Supreme Court should base its rulings on what the Constitution means in current times.
Which of the following clauses serves as the constitutional basis for the federal Real ID Act of 2005, a law that established uniform standards for state-issued identification cards and provided regulation of a state function?
The necessary and proper clause.
Based on the data in the chart, which of the following is true?
The percentage of liberal decisions made by the Supreme Court on civil rights and civil liberties cases decreased between 1964 and 1996.
Which of the following enumerated powers would permit Congress to stimulate the economy by hiring unemployed citizens?
The power to pass a federal budget.
-Cesar Chavez, "He Showed Us the Way", 1978 Which of the following provisions of the Bill of Rights could support the actions that Cesar Chavez is encouraging the farmworkers to take?
The right to assemble.
Based on your knowledge and the diagram, which of the following is true regarding the leadership structure of Congress?
The role of the minority leader in both the House of Representatives and the Senate is to coordinate a strategy for the minority party.
Which of the following statements presents the most important limitation of the data in the graph?
There is no information about the total number of state legislators.
At a public high school, several students raised a banner and wore clothing in support of a candidate running in the upcoming presidential election during lunch period. The principal asked the students to put away the banner, citing safety concerns. Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most relevant to this scenario?
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969).
In which of the following situations would the Supreme Court be most likely to utilize the doctrine of selective incorporation?
When an individual claims that a right protected by the Bill of Rights is infringed upon by a state.
The president privately discusses with his staff a decision to increase economic sanctions on Iran. Before a final decision is made, a draft of the proposal is leaked to a reporter. The president orders the reporter and her newspaper to suspend publication of the plan, citing issues of national and economic security. Which of the following best indicates how a court would rule in this case if the Supreme Court's ruling in New York Times Co v. United States (1971) was used as a precedent?
Freedom of the press includes a heavy presumption against government censorship, and the documents can be published by the press.
Which of the following is the most accurate comparison of the processes that generally facilitate gridlock and those that facilitate governmental action?
Facilitates Gridlock: Checks and Balances; Facilitates Action: Executive Orders.
The Supreme Court ruled in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) that a citizen's right to keep and bear arms at home for self-defense is protected from state and federal infringement. Which of the following is most relevant to that decision?
Selective incorporation.
Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a president avoiding a check from the judicial branch?
The president claims that certain detainees are enemy combatants and thus do not possess the same constitutional protections that the Supreme Court has upheld for the interrogation of criminal suspects.
Which of the following Supreme Court cases established that those accused of felonies who cannot afford legal counsel are entitled to legal counsel provided by the state?
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963).
Which of the following is an accurate description of the powers of the House of Representatives and the Senate?
House of Representatives: Initiates all revenue bills; Senate: Confirms Presidential appointments.
-George Washington's Farewell Address, 1796 Which of the following scenarios illustrates Washington's concerns?
Ideological divisions within Congress can lead to partisan gridlock.