AP Hug Unit 6
6.1 According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a region has a population size of 900,000, then the third largest city will have a population of
300,000
The map shows urbanized areas. Which of the following additional types of quantitative data will be most helpful to a geographer analyzing expansion of the urbanized areas shown on the map?
A census tract map of each city and the surrounding counties showing the difference in population density over a ten-year period
Which of the following best explains the growth in population and housing shown in the image and the census data?
A cycle of rapid economic development and real estate investment
Which of the following groups of cities contains the best examples of central places with large hinterlands?
Atlanta, Denver, and Calgary
Which of the following best explains why New York City has more specialized stores than do smaller urban places in the United States?
Central Place Theory
Which of the following best illustrates how the world cities in the table are connected globally in ways that transcend national borders?
Chinatown and the United Nations being located in New York City
6.1 Which of the following is useful for describing a settlement node whose primary function is to provide support for the population in its hinterland?
Christaller's model of central place
Which of the following exemplifies a smart-growth approach to urban planning?
Creation of walkable neighborhoods with mixed land use and access to public transportation
As old central business districts and industrial zones in more developed countries lost businesses and employment in the mid- to late twentieth century, suburban development expanded. Which of the following types of cities resulted from rapid suburban growth and the expansion of retail areas, office developments, business centers, and corporate headquarters to provide jobs and services in suburban areas?
Edge cities
Which of the following best explains what the central business district data indicate
Government policy makers and business partners have focused infrastructure efforts on creating a downtown work environment that is positive for economic development.
Whic of the following is a general theory in geography that can be used to quantify and predict the interaction b/w two cities based on population sizes, distances b/w the places, the number of migrants moving from one place to the other or the flow of trade goods b/w the two locations?
Gravity Model
Although gentrification can revitalize cities by rehabilitating residential areas, which of the following problems can be explained by the type of building renovations shown in the before and after images?
Higher rents causing displacement of existing residents
6.1Which of the following is the primary reason for the rapid population growth in megacities throughout the developing world?
Interregional migration
The galactic city model was developed in response to the growth of suburbs and the need for a more complex model than the sector and concentric zone models. Which of the following is a strength of the galactic city model?
It depicts ex-urbanization and new nodes
According to the rank-size rule, which of the following is true about the second-largest city in a country?
It has half the population size of the largest city.
6.1 Which of the following describes a primate city?
It is disproportionately large in relation to the next largest cities in that country.
An advantage of the Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei model over the Burgess concentric zone model and the Hoyt sector model of internal city structure is that the multiple nuclei model
It is disproportionately large in relation to the next largest cities in the world
6.1 Which of the following models of urban structure depicts a commercial spine bordered by an elite residential sector extending outward from the central business district?
Latin American city
With regard to environmental sustainability, which of the following explains an advantage of urban light-rail networks in Europe and East-Asia compared to most light-rail systems in the United States cities
Light-rail is integrated with fast commuter railroad networks and subways and extends out to multiple suburbs
6.1 According to the sector model of North American city structure, members of low-income groups tend to live in which of the following places?
Linear residential areas radiating from the center city outward
In the new global economy, an increasing proportion of influential financial decisions are being made in
Major corporate centers such as New York, London, and Tokyo
which of the following best explains a geographic characteristic shared by megacities in the global periphery
Megacities demonstrate unplanned growth patterns and often contain squatter settlements.
The model above represents zones that are present in many American cities. Which of the following design concepts of urban development is likely to have the most significant impact on the reduction of urban sprawl?
Mixed-use land development in zone 5 of the model
Although gentrification can revitalize cities by rehabilitating residential areas, which of the following problems can be explained by the type of building renovations shown in the before and after images?
More parking leading to decreased public transportation use
Which of the following is a correct statement about the major cities of the world?
Most are located on rivers or seacosts
6.2 Mixed-use development, pedestrian-friendly design, and the incorporation of front porches and alleys are design elements of which of the following?
New urbanism
Which of the following best describes the process of gentrification in the United States and Canadian cities?
Privately funded redevelopment of existing commercial and residential buildings
6.3 Segregation in the United States was reinforced by the financial practice known as
Redlining
6.3 Many medium-sized metropolitan areas such as Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota, or Charlotte, North Carolina, have added light-rail train systems to their public-transit networks. Which of the following best explains the goals of light-rail projects?
Reduce the ecological footprint of cities and reduce the air pollution created by vehicle exhaust
Which of the following types of urban land use is most common on the periphery of cities in Latin America
Residential squatter settlements
In the development of urban land, which of the following is typically built on the most accessible cites?
Retail complexes
Which of the following best explains the city planning trends shown in the data table?
Social development efforts have been made to improve the quality of life for city residents.
6.1 Which of the following models best represents an old colonial port zone and its surrounding commercial districts?
Southeast Asian city model
6.1 Which of the following is BOTH the least urbanized AND the most rapidly urbanizing realm of the world?
Sub Saharan Africa
6.1 Which site factor best explains the linear pattern of urbanized areas extending between Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, New York, and Boston?
The development of cities in the region was influenced by the abundance of deep-water harbors and waterfalls where the flat coastal plains met higher lands.
The map above shows percent change in population for counties in Texas from the 2000 to the 2010 census. The three largest metropolitan areas are Dallas-Fort Worth (Tarrant and Dallas Counties), Houston (Harris County), and San Antonio (Bexar County). Which of the following statements best explains urban growth in the period from 2000 to 2010 ?
The greatest percentage growth in population occurred in counties adjacent to the three largest metropolitan areas, indicating continued suburbanization.
The image shows a squatter settlement at the edge of a city in South Africa. What information regarding causes and effects does the image convey?
The image shows the living conditions of people in the squatter settlement, who are unable to acquire permanent housing within the city.
La Defense is an edge city constructed in the late twentieth century and... rise office buildings. Which of the following best explains why La Defense... of Paris.
The land at the center of Paris is filled with numerous historic building that residents do not want torn down
Based on a comparison of the zones in the model shown, which of the following best explains how the model is limited in its representation of present-day urban land-use patterns?
The model does not show the cost-to-distance effects of multiple suburban central business districts and the pattern of residential areas that surround them.
Which of the following is a true statement about classic models of city structure
The sector model is highly influenced by transportation patterns.
Which of the following statements best explains how the world cities listed in the table function within the world's urban hierarchy?
The top ten world cities have a significant impact on the international economy and are important drivers of globalization
As migrants from rural areas continue to move to cities for jobs, cities face a variety of economic and social challenges. Which of the following economic or social challenges is best illustrated by the photograph shown of Mumbai, India?
There is a significant income gap between residents on the periphery of the city and residents in the city center.
Which of the following best explains the importance of stock exchanges in the cities of Mumbai, India and Shanghai, China?
These cities function as global economic centers in the semiperiphery.
Which of the following similarities best explains why cities such as Venice, Amsterdam, Hamburg, London, and Marseiles were front-runners in urban development in Western Europe?
These port cities were centers of trade, serving as links in terms of capital and labor mobility
According to the rank-size rule, which of the following is typically true of higher-order services, such as hospitals with a large number of medical specialties?
They have larger ranges and thresholds
6.1 Which of the following best explains why countries such as Brazil, Burma (Myanmar), Kazakhstan, and Nigeria would construct a new capital city in a different location from the old capital city?
To build modern, planned cities and administrative centers
6.1 Which of the following refers to the size and functional complexity of cities?
Urban hierarchy
What is each circle/oval on the urban realms model in the image represent?
Various galactic cities
An urban center that is disproportionately larger than the second largest city in a country and that dominates the country's social, political, and economic activities can be best classified as
a primate city
Using the diagram above, at what distance from the central business district will recreational land use begin to outbid all other land uses?
about 10 miles
6.3 Squatter settlements exist in cities of less-developed countries because
affordable housing is not available elsewhere for new migrants to the city
6.1 The presence of media hubs, coalitions focusing on specific environmental challenges, and headquarters for multinational corporations in major cities help explain how such cities
are linked globally in ways that transcend national political boundaries
6.1 All of the following are reasons for the rise of suburban development in the 1950s EXCEPT
better public transportation
6.3 A form of racial steering made illegal in the 1960's, was _________ , which involved real estate agents encouraging African-Americans to buy in predominantly white neighborhoods in an effort to convince the Caucasian populations to sell quickly and go to the suburbs.
blockbusting
Most Latin American cities are focused on
central plaza-CBD
Ethnic neighborhoods in European cities typically reflect migrants from
former colonies
According to Christaller's central place model, which of the following would most likely have the smallest range?
grocery store
6.1 Which of the following is a correct statement concerning the spacing of human settlements (central place theory)?
large cities tend to lie farther apart than smaller ones
6.1 Historically, the growth of North American suburbs was most constrained by
limited transportation
6.1 According to central place theory, the threshold is defined as the
minimum number of people needed to support a service
6.1 A primate city such as Mexico City is
more than twice the size of any other city in its country and dominant economically and culturally
6.1 An example of an important physical site characteristic is a
natural harbor
6.1 The multiple-nuclei model of city structure tends to be most applicable to
newer, fast-growing cities in MDC's
6.2 New Urbanism is an example of sustainable urban development. This type of development is intended to
reduce the miles driven on personal vehicles
6.3 Transit-oriented development in Southeast Asian cities is an innovative strategy to minimize crippling traffic jams. One aspect of transit-oriented development is the use of dedicated rapid-transit bus lanes to more efficiently connect residential neighborhoods with activity nodes. An added benefit of this strategy that would appeal to advocates of sustainable city-development programs is the
reduction in carbon emissions
The huge influx of population from rural to urban area is peripheral or semiperipheral areas(less developed) finds housing in
shantytowns
6.1 The most identifiable trait in the Sub-Saharan African City Model is that the model
shows three distinctive CBDs.
6.1 The physical qualities and absolute location for a city is referred to as the
site characteristics
6.1 The multiple nuclei model of urban structure developed by Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman arose from the idea that ? was losing its dominant position in the metropolitan city to other competition.
the CBD
6.1 The unrestricted growth in housing, commercial development, and roads without an urban plan is
urban sprawl
6.1 International company headquarters, significant global financial functions, and a polarized social structure are defining characteristics of
world cities
