AP Human Semester Exam Review
The Arabic word sawahili means "a language of the coast." Which of the following explains how this would relate to the Swahili language spoken today in Kenya, Tanzania, and northern Mozambique in eastern Africa?
As Muslim merchants traveled to Africa, they needed to communicate with people living along the coastal areas of the Indian Ocean in order to trade, and a lingua franca developed.
Based on the diagram of the demographic transition model, which of the following correctly describes the expected population change over time?
As birth rates are higher than death rates, population growth remains high.
From 2010 through 2017 there was a large increase in the number of migrants from Africa to Europe. Which of the following explains a possible impact on the emigrant countries of origin during and after that time period?
As more emigrants sent money home, the influx of money created an economic boom in the countries of origin.
Which of the following identifies how population density is shown in the maps?
At different scales, showing administrative units
Which of the following processes best explains a decrease in mortality rates worldwide?
Better hygiene and sanitation practices
Which of the following describes forced migration?
British convicts shipped to Australia in the mid-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries
Which of the following explains how data from the population pyramid for Spain would be useful for government policy makers?
Data on the size of the middle-aged population would be used to plan for retirement and social security benefits.
Which of the following population patterns is common in more developed countries?
Declining levels of fertility and mortality, leading to older age structures
South Korea, as of 2018, has the lowest total fertility rate in the world at 1.1. Which of the following best explains a population policy South Korea could enact to promote higher birth rates?
Decreasing the cost of childcare so that families can afford to have more children
Malthusian theory would explain which of the following possible consequences of high birth rates in a less developed country?
Famine and starvation will occur as demand outpaces agricultural production.
Many people living in west and central African countries such as Niger, Chad, and the Central African Republic speak French. Which of the following best explains this pattern?
France acquired several countries in Africa as a result of decisions made during the Berlin Conference of 1884.
Which of the following terms best describes the suburban area of Illinois where many residents commute to Chicago?
Functional region
Which of the following geospatial technologies is typically used to analyze the data layers such as those shown in the maps?
Geographic information systems (GIS)
Based on the geospatial data in the example shown, which combination of technologies provides real-time data to emergency call centers to route police, fire, and ambulance vehicles directly to incidents in the shortest possible travel time?
Geographic information systems and global positioning satellites
Which of the following statements accurately explains the population dynamics of a country on the table shown?
Germany has a negative rate of natural increase.
Which of the following explains an impact of open-border policies regarding migration within the European Union?
Growing political tensions as immigration increases, due to competition between immigrants and local people for available jobs
A fashion trend was started when an actor appeared on a television show wearing a shirt and tie of the same color. Within weeks, people began to follow this trend in both large cities and small towns across the United States. Which pair of diffusion types explains the spread of the fashion trend in this example?
Hierarchical and contagious
Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have total fertility rates that exceed 5.0. Which of the following population characteristics is associated with this phenomenon?
High youth dependency ratio
If rural-to-urban migration continues in China, which of the following outcomes is most likely?
Housing shortages in urban areas will be common.
The darkest shading on the map indicates the areas with the highest population densities. Which of the following statements best describes the pattern of population density shown?
Manhattan appears to have the highest population density at all three scales.
For centuries, sugar crystals were made from the evaporated juice of sugarcane, a plant grown only in tropical and subtropical climates. In the 1800s, industrial methods were developed to manufacture crystalline sugar from sugar beets. This allowed for large amounts of sugar to be produced in colder, temperate climate zones. Which of the following geographic concepts best explains the ability of humans to use technology to overcome the limitations of climate and modify the landscape?
Possibilism
Tikka masala is an Indian-style food that has gained popularity in the United Kingdom, despite being less common in India. Which of the following processes led to the spread of this food?
Relocation diffusion
Which of the following concepts best explains the differences among the values shown in the table?
Scale of analysis
Which of the following is the best describes an example of transhumance?
Shepherds in France who move their sheep to mountain pastures each summer
Neo-Malthusian theory can be used to explain which of the following situations?
South Sudan experienced famine during the twenty-first century as a result of war and drought.
Based on the images shown, which of the following best explains the process of diffusion in relation to the religious history of Spain?
Southern Spain was once under Muslim control, as indicated by the Islamic architecture of the palace in the images.
Which of the following concepts best explains the driving forces of contemporary cultural diffusion?
Space-time compression
Sikhism grew out of a blend of Hindu and Islamic religious principles, a process best explained by which term?
Syncretism
The photograph was taken in Singapore. Which of the following statements best describes how the buildings shown in the photograph represent the culture of Singapore?
The Buddhist temple represents the value of traditional religion in the culture of modern Singapore.
Which of the following patterns is evident on the map of population density?
The Great Plains are less densely populated than the Midwest.
Which of the following statements is an accurate comparison of the two map projections shown?
The Mercator projection accurately shows direction but distorts the size of some areas compared to the Robinson projection.
Which of the following best explains the use of two languages in this United States highway sign?
The highway sign is a representation of the state's multilingual ethnic cultural heritage.
The image shows the Old City of Jerusalem. Which statement best describes the spatial pattern in the cultural landscape?
The image indicates that Muslim and Jewish citizens live in close proximity to each other.
When an immigrant group moves into a new location inhabited by a larger dominant culture with a different language, which of the following is the most likely outcome?
The immigrant group will learn and use the new language, and immigrant words will enter the language of the majority population.
Which of the following describes the relationship between fertility and education in the United States and Canada in recent decades?
The increase in the percent of women who are more highly educated correlates with the decline in fertility.
Which spatial patterns on the maps shown would be most helpful to someone selecting the location for a new coffee shop?
The map of the Borough of Manhattan, because it shows both population density and the pattern of streets.
Which of the following best explains an effect of migration within the United States between 1950 and 2010 ?
The mean center of the population of the United States shifted to the South and West as workers migrated to areas with more jobs and a warmer climate.
A country develops new technologies for farming, which help stabilize and increase food supply. According to Malthusian theory, which of the following would best explain those results?
The new technologies would reduce positive checks on population.
Which statement best explains an environmental impact of China's population distribution?
The population distribution shown requires more intensive use of limited soil and water resources to increase the carrying capacity of agricultural land.
Which of the following patterns is indicated by the population pyramid shown?
The population has a high total fertility rate.
Which of the following best explains why a universalizing religion would diffuse into a region?
The region has a large population where many people already follow another universalizing religion.
With the dawn of the Jet Age, international airline travel increased rapidly after 1950, and much of this early growth in jet travel was between Europe and North America. Which of the following best describes the spatial pattern suggested by the table?
The relative distance between Europe and North America decreased.
Which of the following statements identifies a cultural trait evident in the photograph?
The temple reflects typical Buddhist architecture.
Which of the following statements best explains the trend about infant mortality shown in the bar chart?
The trend can be explained by improved health care and nutrition in all regions.
In 1980 China implemented an antinatalist one-child policy. Which of the following explains an unintended consequence of the policy?
There are more men than women because of a cultural preference for male children.
Population patterns shown on the map indicate that areas around river deltas and upland lake and river valleys have higher densities. Which of the following best explains why these regions are more heavily populated?
These regions have higher carrying capacities.
The image shown was taken in Ketchikan, Alaska. Which of the following best explains the process illustrated by the image?
Through the process of diffusion, ethnic cuisines may change the cultural landscape in locations far from their hearths.
A high level of mobility for international migration and employment is best explained by which of the following demographic groups?
Unmarried men in their late twenties with no children and a university education
In his book My Tears Spoiled My Aim, John Shelton Reed explains the difficulty of defining the American South. "Where is the South? . . . The South is, to begin with, a concept—and a shared one. It's an idea that people can talk about, think about, use to orient themselves and each other. People know whether they're in it or not." Based on Reed's explanation, the South is best described as which kind of region?
Vernacular
A large number of Turkish people migrated to Germany in the 1960s, when West Germany's manufacturing economy was booming and Turkey's economy was predominantly agricultural. Which of the following best describes Turkish migration to Germany?
Voluntary guest workers
Which of the following questions must be answered in order to identify a functional region?
What area is influenced by a node?
The maps show data most likely collected through
census surveys
The costumes of the people in the procession are the result of synthesis between religion and ethnicity that
creates new cultural forms and contributes to a sense of place
The data presented in the map shown depict
population in a cartogram
A popular American hamburger chain successfully entered the fast-food market in India by altering the menu to include vegetarian burgers instead of hamburgers made with beef. This example can best be described as
stimulus diffusion
The map shown was published in the United States in the early twentieth century. The title of the map is an example of
ethnocentrism
You gotta hit that
like button
Which of the following map scales would be used for the topographic map shown?
1:24,000
Which of the following scenarios explains a demographic push factor for less developed countries?
A large youth population, lacking educational opportunities, seek schooling in more developed countries.
A population pyramid that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom most likely represents which of the following populations?
A population of retirees
Japan has a low birth rate and a high life expectancy. Which of the following explains why Japan will struggle with demographic challenges in 30 years?
An aging population needing health care will require more public funding.
Which of the following types of population information is shown on the map?
Arithmetic density
Bangladesh has seen its total fertility rate drop to 2.1, but its population is projected to be higher in 2050 than it is today. Which of the following explains why Bangladesh will continue to experience positive rates of natural increase?
Bangladesh's population will continue to grow as a result of a large youthful population.
Many European countries provide families one or more of the following: tax credits, flexible parental leave, monthly payments, public-transportation fare reduction, free vaccines, and subsidized childcare.
Belgium has concerns about an aging population and wants to encourage higher birth rates
Which of the following types of information is shown in the table?
Census data
Using information from the image, which of the following can be described as identifiable signs and symbols of a Chinese cultural landscape in San Francisco?
Chinese-language signs and Chinese lamps
Which of the following map types is shown?
Choropleth
Deaths in Country A often occur due to outbreaks of epidemic disease, while in Country B most people are dying from chronic disorders such as heart disease. Which of the following best describes where these countries fall in the demographic transition model and in which region they are likely located?
Country A : Stage 2, West Africa; Country B : Stage 4, western Europe
Based on the demographic transition model, which region is best described as exhibiting overall negative rates of growth in stage 4?
Eastern Europe
Orthodox Christianity was established in Ethiopia during the fourth century after diffusing up the Nile River valley from the Mediterranean Coast of Egypt. Islam expanded into North Africa and East Africa during the seventh century. Today Ethiopia's population is 43% Orthodox Christian and 33% Muslim. Which statement best explains the composition of religious groups of Ethiopia?
Ethiopia resisted the Islamic expansion in northern Africa.
A nongovernmental organization is planning a new international elementary education program. Based on the map shown, which of the following groups of countries would be the best candidates to receive funding?
Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan
Which of the following can be used to explain why an immigrant community that attempts to assimilate into local society would engage in political protest against the government?
Ethnic groups living in segregated enclaves
In 1854, London physician Dr. John Snow mapped the spatial relationship between deaths from the waterborne disease cholera and the locations of water pumps which brought in water directly from tunnels connected to the River Thames. From Snow's research it was determined that a public water pump had been contaminated by sewage. What geographic principle explains the significance of Snow's research?
Even in areas of urban land use, there is a significant relationship between nature and society.
Which of the following processes describes how missionary activities change the geographies of universalizing religions outside of their founding hearths?
Expansion diffusion
Across the Islamic world, despite different cultures and architectural styles, common features can be seen in mosque architecture. Which of the following explains the diffusion of Islamic architecture worldwide?
Islamic architectural styles spread by expansion and relocation diffusion, resulting in mosque architecture that has some design commonalities and some elements of local culture.
Which of the following best describes the spatial pattern of adult literacy rates presented in the map?
It provides a perspective on each country's level of social development.
Which of the following best identifies the data for western China, shown on the map?
Low arithmetic density
Which of the following elements of the cultural landscape are shown in the images?
Moorish Islamic art, architecture, and script
Based on the data shown in the table, which of the following accurately describes changes in the roles of women as countries develop economically?
More women work in professional jobs
Which of the following statements best explains the concept of sustainability?
Natural resource use should be balanced with the needs of the environment and future generations because many resources are nonrenewable.
Immigration of asylum applicants from Africa to the European Union, Norway, and Switzerland increased from approximately 50,000 in 2010 to approximately 200,000 in 2016. In 2017, there were approximately 175,000 asylum applicants. Which of the following best explains the trend in asylum seekers from African countries to Europe since 2010?
Political instability and conflict along with high fertility levels over the long term has led to an increase in asylum seekers.
The event shown in the image is best explained as
a combination of traditional, indigenous, and European beliefs in Mexico