A+P pg 141-145

Bone Growth

1. Bones increase in diameter through the process of appositional growth. 2. Bones increase in length by the process of ossification. 3. A person with epiphyseal lines is not growing taller. 4. A person with epiphyseal plates is growing taller.

Overview of Ossification

1. Osteocyte: a mature bone cell trapped in bone matrix. 2. Osteoblast: a cell that stores calcium in bone by making bone matrix. 3. Osteoclast: a cell that releases calcium from bone, increasing blood calcium levels. 4. Osteoclast: parathyroid hormone (PTH) activates this type of cell.

There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages? 1. Bony callus formation 2. Bone remodeling 3. Fibrocartilage callus formation 4. Hematoma formation

4, 3, 1, 2

The Events of Ossification

Cartilage grows here Bone replaces cartilage here Cartilage grows here Bone replaces cartilage here

Bonebrake portion is pushed inward

Depression fracture

The area that causes the lengthwise growth of a bone is indicated by

E

True or False: a closed, or simple, fracture is one that penetrates through the skin surface

False

Bone Growth, Fractures and Remodeling

Fibrocartilage Callus: Granulation tissue forms Phagocytosis of dead tissue A combination of cartilage matrix, bony matrix, and collagen. Bony Callus: Spongy bone Osteoblasts and osteoclasts migrate and multiply

And incomplete Bonebrake known as ______________ fracture is commonly seen in children

Green stick

What is an Incomplete Bone brake

Greenstick fracture

The first step in bone healing involves the formation of a blood field swelling known as what

Hematoma

During soccer practice Sadie tripped and tried to stop her fall with her outstretched arms. Her humerus broke in the broken ends were forced into each other what kind of fracture did Sadie suffer?

Impacted

What step occurs first in the embryonic development of most bones

a bony collar forms

The most important minerals stored in bones are

calcium and phosphorus

In what type of fracture is the bone broken into many fragments

comminuted

Bone breaks into many fragments

comminuted fracture

A bone fracture where the bone is broken into many fragments is called a

comminuted fractured

broken bone ends are forced into each other

impacted fracture

During the repair of a fracture which of the following cells form the bony Callus

osteoblasts

The bone cells that respond to parathyroid hormone to destroy bone matrix and release calcium into the blood are called

osteoclasts

Which of these bones is most susceptible to fractures

osteoporotic bones

Bone destroying cells known as osteoclasts are activated by the hormone

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

an open, or compound, fracture can be described as when

the broken bone is exposed to the outside

What type of bone is primarily active when bone growth occurs

Osteoblasts

Healing a Bone Fracture

1. Blood-filled swelling 2. Fibrocartilage Callus 3. Bony Callus 4. Bone Remodeling

Ragan bone break resulting from twisting forces

Spiral fracture