AP Psych - Ch. 2 Review (Cobb)

The peripheral nervous system consists of A) interneurons. B) the spinal cord. C) endocrine glands. D) sensory and motor neurons.

D

Your ability to experience the physical pleasure of a hot shower is most likely to be disrupted by damage to your A) pons. B) hippocampus. C) amygdala. D) thalamus.

D

Dr. Frankenstein made a mistake during neurosurgery on his monster. After the operation, the monster "saw" with his ears and "heard" with his eyes. It is likely that Dr. Frankenstein "re-wired" neural connections in the monster's A) hypothalamus. B) cerebellum. C) amygdala. D) thalamus.

D

I am a relatively fast-acting chemical messenger that affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal. What am I? A) acetylcholine B) dopamine C) norepinephrine D) serotonin

D

In a resting state, the axon is A) depolarized, with mostly negatively charged ions outside and positively charged ions inside. B) depolarized, with mostly positively charged ions outside and negatively charged ions inside. C) polarized, with mostly negatively charged ions outside and positively charged ions inside. D) polarized, with mostly positively charged ions outside and negatively charged ions inside.

D

In stressful situations, the sympathetic nervous system ________ blood sugar levels and ________ the pupils of the eyes. A) lowers; dilates B) raises; contracts C) lowers; contracts D) raises; dilates

D

Jessica experienced difficulty keeping her balance after receiving a blow to the back of her head. It is likely that she injured her A) medulla. B) thalamus. C) hypothalamus. D) cerebellum.

D

Natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called A) ACh agonists. B) dendrites. C) morphene antagonists. D) endorphins.

D

The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the A) cerebellum. B) amygdala. C) reticular formation. D) hypothalamus.

D

The endocrine system consists of A) myelin sheaths. B) neural networks. C) interneurons. D) glands.

D

The technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer images of structures within the brain is called A) the EEG. B) a lesion. C) a PET scan. D) MRI.

D

To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive, a neuroscientist should electrically stimulate the rat's A) reticular formation. B) cerebellum. C) medulla. D) amygdala.

D

Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a neural impulse? A) axon, dendrite, cell body, synapse B) dendrite, axon, cell body, synapse C) synapse, axon, dendrite, cell body D) dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse

D

An axon transmits messages ________ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages ________ the cell body. A) away from; toward B) away from; away from C) toward; away from D) toward; toward

A

Botox injections smooth facial wrinkles because botulin is a(n) A) ACh antagonist. B) dopamine antagonist. C) ACh agonist. D) dopamine agonist.

A

Heartbeat, digestion, and other self-regulating bodily functions are governed by the A) voluntary nervous system. B) autonomic nervous system. C) sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. D) somatic nervous system.

B

The amygdala and hypothalamus are part of the A) brainstem. B) limbic system. C) reticular formation. D) endocrine system.

B

Addictive disorders are likely to be associated with reward centers in the A) thalamus. B) cerebellum. C) reticular formation. D) limbic system.

D

The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the A) thalamus. B) amygdala. C) hippocampus. D) hypothalamus.

D

Which part of a neuron is often encased by the myelin sheath?

axon

The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the:

myelin sheath

The cells that serve as the basic building blocks of the body's information processing system are called:

neurons

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the:

synaptic gap

The reticular formation extends from the spinal cord up to the:

thalamus

The axons of certain neurons are covered by a layer of fatty tissue that helps speed neural transmission. This tissue is myelin sheath. A) True B) False

A

The brain research technique that involves monitoring the brain's usage of glucose is called (in abbreviated form) the A) PET scan. B) fMRI. C) EEG. D) MRI.

A

The pain of heroin withdrawal may be attributable to the fact that A) under the influence of heroin the brain ceases production of endorphins. B) under the influence of heroin the brain ceases production of all neurotransmitters. C) during heroin withdrawal the brain's production of all neurotransmitters is greatly increased. D) heroin destroys endorphin receptors in the brain.

A

The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine ________ blood pressure and ________ blood sugar levels. A) raises; raises B) lowers; lowers C) raises; lowers D) lowers; raises

A

The reticular formation is located in the A) brainstem. B) limbic system. C) hippocampus. D) cerebellum.

A

The venom of the black widow spider causes violent muscle contractions by flooding synapses with A) ACh. B) GABA. C) dopamine. D) adrenaline.

A

To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n) A) fMRI. B) EEG. C) MRI. D) brain lesion.

A

Which region of your brainstem plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions your name? A) reticular formation B) cerebellum C) amygdala D) medulla

A

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the surface of the brain is called a(n) A) fMRI. B) EEG. C) PET scan. D) MRI.

B

Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of serotonin molecules in the A) axon terminals. B) synaptic gaps. C) cell bodies. D) endocrine glands.

B

Melissa has just completed running a marathon. She is so elated that she feels little fatigue or discomfort. Her lack of pain is probably the result of the release of A) ACh. B) endorphins. C) dopamine. D) norepinephrine.

B

Since Malcolm has been taking a drug prescribed by his doctor, he no longer enjoys the little pleasures of life, such as eating and drinking. His doctor explains that this is because the drug A) triggers release of dopamine. B) inhibits release of dopamine. C) triggers release of ACh. D) inhibits release of ACh.

B

The effect of a drug that is an agonist is to A) cause the brain to stop producing certain neurotransmitters. B) mimic a particular neurotransmitter. C) block a particular neurotransmitter. D) disrupt a neuron's all-or-none firing pattern.

B

The part of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing is called the A) cerebellum. B) medulla. C) amygdala. D) thalamus.

B

The vast majority of neurons in the body's information system are A) stem cells. B) interneurons. C) motor neurons. D) sensory neurons.

B

Voluntary movements, such as writing with a pencil, are directed by the A) sympathetic nervous system. B) somatic nervous system. C) parasympathetic nervous system. D) autonomic nervous system.

B

Depressed mood states are linked to ________ levels of serotonin and ________ levels of norepinephrine. A) low; low B) high; high C) low; high D) high; low

A

Moruzzi and Magoun caused a cat to lapse into a coma by severing neural connections between the cortex and the A) reticular formation. B) hypothalamus. C) thalamus. D) cerebellum.

A

Though there is no single "control center" for emotions, their regulation is primarily attributed to the brain region known as the A) limbic system. B) reticular formation. C) brainstem. D) cerebellum.

A

A scientist from another planet wishes to study the simplest brain mechanisms underlying emotion. You recommend that the scientist study the A) brainstem of a frog. B) hippocampus of a dog. C) amygdala of a monkey. D) thalamus of a human.

C

After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. She has probably suffered damage to her A) amygdala. B) hypothalamus. C) cerebellum. D) thalamus.

C

Conscious information processing is LEAST likely to be required for the automatic physical survival functions regulated by the A) hippocampus. B) hypothalamus. C) brainstem. D) amygdala.

C

Following a head injury, a person has ongoing difficulties staying awake. Most likely, the damage occurred to the A) thalamus. B) hippocampus. C) reticular formation. D) cerebellum.

C

If Dr. Rogers wishes to conduct an experiment on the effects of stimulating the reward centers of a rat's brain, he should insert an electrode into the A) thalamus. B) hippocampus. C) hypothalamus. D) amygdala.

C

In primitive vertebrate animals, the brain primarily regulates ________; in lower mammals, the brain enables ________. A) emotion; memory B) memory; emotion C) survival functions; emotion D) reproduction; emotion

C

The "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem is called the A) limbic system. B) thalamus. C) cerebellum. D) reticular formation.

C

The effect of a drug that is an antagonist is to A) cause the brain to stop producing certain neurotransmitters. B) mimic a particular neurotransmitter. C) block a particular neurotransmitter. D) disrupt a neuron's all-or-none firing pattern.

C

Which region of the brain appears to have the oldest evolutionary history? A) hypothalamus B) limbic system C) brainstem D) hippocampus

C

While listening to operatic solos, musicians process the lyrics and the tunes in separate brain areas. This most clearly illustrates the functioning of different A) neurotransmitters. B) parathyroids. C) neural networks. D) synapses.

C

A drug that blocks the reuptake of a particular neurotransmitter is called a(n) A) opiate. B) antagonist. C) glutamate. D) agonist.

D

A biological psychologist would be MORE likely to study A) how you learn to express emotions. B) how to help people overcome emotional disorders. C) life-span changes in the expression of emotion. D) the chemical changes that accompany emotions.

D