AP psych chapter 5 test
Which of the following are involved in regulating circadian rhythms?
Photoreceptors, hypothalamus, pineal gland
Sleep paralysis typically occurs in people who are
REM sleep
Signing Freud believed that dream analysis was a useful device for
gaining insight into unconscious motives
When people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they did and said while they were drinking. This occurs because alcohol interferes with the brain's ability to form new memories in the
hippocampus
Which of the following is a circadian rhythm?
A cycle of biological functioning that lasts about 25 hours
Malia is 10 years of age, and her grandmother, Anna Rosa, is 60 years old. Which statement is likely to be true concerning their sleep patterns?
Anna Rosa sleeps fewer hours per day than Malia does.
Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following?
Broca's area
Based on its effects on the central nervous system, alcohol can be classified as
Depressant
In terms of the effect on the central nervous system, alcohol is most accurately classified as which of the following types of drug?
Depressant
A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?
Difficulty with speech production
The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in
Digesting food
Jeff lives in the United States, and he recently flew to Spain. Even after sleeping for several hours on the flight, he still felt lethargic for a few days. If Jeff has not caught an illness, which of the following is the most likely explanation for his physical response?
His circadian rhythm has been disrupted.
Which of the following statements concerning sleep is valid?
Individuals do not typically act out their dreams.
In adult humans, which of the following is typically true of REM sleep?
It is correlated with dreaming
REM sleep, generally an "active" state of sleep, is accompanied by which of the following paradoxical characteristics?
Lowered muscle tone
A patient reports constant sleepiness. A series of tests reveal that the patient's sleep is frequently disrupted by periods of interrupted breathing and brief awakenings. Which of the following diagnoses would account for such symptoms?
Sleep apnea
Which of the following characteristics is generally associated with the use of hallucinogens?
The experience of vivid, distorted images that are not based on sensory input
Which of the following is an explanation of why travelers suffer from jet lag?
There is a disruption in their circadian rhythm.
Sally says that her dream about going to a circus is just her brain attempting to make sense of random stimulation from the brain stem. Sally's explanation is consistent with which of the following theories of dreaming?
activation-synthesis
The explanation that holds that dreams are merely the brain's attempt to make sense of meaningless patterns of brain activity during sleep is called the
activation-synthesis theory
A certain drug reduces the activity of the central nervous system, including the hippocampus and cerebellum. It affects several neurotransmitters, most notably gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Which of the following is most like the drug in question ?
alcohol
An individual who drinks alcohol daily finds it necessary to drink increasing amounts to achieve the state of wellbeing attained in the past. This individual is showing
alcohol tolerance
A drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as
an agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter
When a person is suffering from severe pain, the type of drug that will best help alleviate that pain is
an opiate
The biological clock that operates in human beings to adjust their functioning to night-and -day periodicity is referred to as
circadian rhythm
Which of the following psychoactive drugs increase nervous system activity?
cocaine
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?
decrease heart rate
Many common antidepressants ease symptoms of depression by
inhibiting serotonin reuptake, which makes serotonin more available
Which of the following statements best describes the effect of alcohol on human functioning?
it depresses the central nervous system
The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the
medulla
Rafael has a sleep disorder for which he takes medically prescribed amphetamines. For which of the following sleep disorders is Rafael most likely being treated?
narcolepsy
During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Alicia is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?
sleep apnea
Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the
sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following is classified as an antagonist?
A tricyclic antidepressant, because they block serotonin and norepinephrine transporters.
Which of the following groups of characteristics best describes the REM sleep stage?
Fast breathing, relatively high heart rate, relatively high blood pressure