ap psych chapter 7 amsco, AP Psych Perception and Sensation

The place in the retina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called the

blind spot

Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities EXCEPT

spicy

When Rocco views the image above, he sees it as a 13 when it is part of a larger number but as a B when it is part of a word. Rocco's response shows the importance of what perceptual concept?

Context effects

Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense?

Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body

Which of the following refers to the just-noticeable difference between two stimuli?

Difference threshold

Latisha noticed that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork. Which of the following best explains her difficulty?

Her cones cannot detect color well in dim light.

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a context effect?

Jeannette does better on her exam when she takes it in the same room where she studies.

Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. Which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgments about the distance objects are from her?

Linear perspective

You see a friend approaching from the far end of the school courtyard. He looks small, but you assume he is his usual height because of

size consistancy

After his friend said a new movie was the funniest he had seen in years, Willard found himself laughing throughout the viewing, even though the movie was not very funny. What concept is Willard demonstrating?

Perceptual set

Which of the following is a binocular cue for depth perception?

Retinal disparity

Which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina?

Rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

Jason is attending a parade that features the local high school band. Jason's friend Brent plays the trombone in the band. It is difficult for Jason to hear Brent play at the parade. Which of the following would best allow Jason to hear Brent's trombone?

Selective attention

The change in the curvature of the lens that enables the eye to focus on objects at various distances is called

accommodation

Trisha was watching a scary movie while home alone. She heard a storm rattling the windows and interpreted that as the sound of an intruder trying to break in. Her error was due to the influence of

bottom up processing

People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their

cones

The faces or vase figure illustrates the Gestalt organizing principle of

figure ground

If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is

green

What conclusion can you draw from the visual cliff experiment about depth perception?

increased heart rate among babies showed anxiety as they approached the cliff, so they likely perceived the "cliff" and therefore have depth perception.

A painter who wants to show that one figure is closer to the viewer than another, partially blocked figure standing slightly behind it is using the principle of

interposition

An artist paints distant trees closer to the top of the canvas than the flowers near by. The artist is using the distance cue called

linear perspective

In the dark, an object is more clearly seen when viewed in peripheral vision than when viewed directly. This phenomenon occurs because the rods located in the retina are

more sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea

People who live in environments with buildings with square corners and right angles are more susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion than are people who live in environments without such angles and corners. The difference in perception between the two groups of people reveals that

people develop perceptual hypotheses based on experiences in their lives

When you restart your computer, you may see what appears to be a circle with spokes spinning until start-up is complete. This is an example of

phi phenomenon

In a photograph, the detail in the bottom part of the picture is much greater than the detail in the top part. This illustrates which monocular cue?

relative clarity

In vision, transduction occurs within the

retina

The outfielder focuses her eyes on the approaching ball and as it gets closer they move inward. This phenomenon is the binocular cue of

retinal disparity

An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called

selective attention

Using cell phones while driving increases the number of accidents because use of the phones requires

selective attention

On his first day of work at the bakery, Brad was nearly overwhelmed by the sweet odor of the baked goods. However, by lunchtime, he did not even notice the smell. This is an example of

sensory adaptation

When looking at the book in front of you, you probably perceive it as rectangular rather than trapezoid as it appears on your retina. This shows the importance of

shape consistancy

Research has shown that a major reason for poor performance while multitasking is that while multitasking, people

switch their attention rapidly from task to task, so they miss critical information associated with a task that is not receiving their attention

While at a crowded gathering, Zach realized that his attention was being drawn away from his conversation every time a person nearby said the word "exactly." Zach's response is an example of

the cocktail party effect

Negative afterimages are explained by

the opponent-process theory

Luz, a math major, sees the drawing above as a Venn diagram. Her brother, an art major, sees it as two circles. The difference in perception is an example of

top-down processing

People listening to rock music played backward often perceive an evil message if specifically told what to listen for. That phenomenon best illustrates

top-down processing

Tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but she is still able to understand what the letter says. This can be explained by

top-down processing

The process of converting incoming physical energy into a neural code that can be processed is called

transduction