AP Psych Final Semester 1
Which of the following is a disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
Multiple Sclerosis
A researcher is looking for gender differences in 3 year olds and observes a preschool class records how many minutes children of each gender play with dolls. She then compares the two sets of numbers. What type of descriptive research is she conducting?
Naturalistic observation
Christie and Jeff are newlyweds and Christie constantly yell at Jeff to put his dirty dishes in the dishwasher. She tells him he she will stop nagging if he loads the dishwasher. Finally, Jeff starts loading it and Christie stop snagging him. As result, Jeff is more likely to load the dishes in the future. What is the scenario and example of?
Negative reinforcement
Which of the following is a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures and methods used in a research study ?
Operational definition
After Jake realized the "intruder" in his home was just his mother returning unexpectedly, his breathing began to slow down, his heart rate decreased, and his digestion began again. These changes were coordinated by the...
Parasympathetic nervous system
Your knowledge of when and where the Gettysburg address was given is an example of what memory. Your knowledge of how to drive the car that may take you to the site of the Gettysburg address is example of what memory?
Semantic; procedural
Explicit memories to long-term memory as a colic memory is to what memory
Sensory
The type of memory were information stored for the shortest period of time is
Sensory memory
Information is relayed to the spinal cord or brain by
Sensory neurons
Casey learned how to make a three-point shots in basketball by successfully making very short shots before shooting from increasingly longer distances from the hoop. The strategy best illustrates the process of
Shaping
Julie was hit by school bully and is afraid to go to school. During summer break, her fear of going to school to creased, and she is eager to go back. However, the first day back to school her fear returns once again. The reappearance of her fear is an example of
Spontaneous recovery
Ryder was enjoying a hike in the woods on a beautiful afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately, his pupils dilated, he begun to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the
Sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following scenarios is best explained by long-term potentiation?
The first time Colleen tried to remember Edwins name it takes her a long time, but over time, she remembers it more quickly
In legal cases, Elizabeth Loftus' research on the misinformation effect is most often used to cast out on which of the following?
The memory of eyewitnesses
Jose was involved in a car accident and suffered head trauma. Although his eyes were functioning normally, he was unable to see. Which area of the brain was most likely affected by the accident?
The occipital lobe
Megan stays out past curfew. As a result, her parents revoke her driving privileges. Which of the following operant conditioning methods are Megan's parents following?
They are using negative punishment to decrease her behavior of staying out past curfew
You read about a program designed to help patients in a psychiatric hospital to take better care of themselves in their environment into engagement more positive social interactions. For engaging and specified behaviors, the patients are given plastic chips that can be exchanged later for rewards and privileges. Such systems are technically known as.
Token economies
Damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to be associated with difficulty in
Understanding language
According to humanistic psychologists , psychological disorders are most likely caused by
Unfulfilled needs
Park quizzes in random checks of quality, help to produce slow, steady, responding in our examples of the schedule of reinforcement
Variable interval
Sam is working this summer job selling educational materials for SW advantage, a door-to-door company that produces learning materials and books for children. What schedule of reinforcement determines outcome of his sales?
Variable ratio
Who wrote the early textbook Principles of Psychology ?
William James
What is newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming, auditory and visual, spatial information, as well as information, retrieve from long-term memory?
Working memory
Which neural center in the limbic system plays a central role in emotions such as aggression and fear?
amygdala
A drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as
an agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter
Samantha experienced a traumatic brain injury and afterward began to exhibit bizarre symptoms that no one had ever documented before. The best research method to study Samantha would be
case study
At their high school reunion, many attendees, recalled exactly where they were 20 years before when they realized the school was on fire. Strong memories of an emotionally significant moment are referred to as
flashbulb memories
Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding the difference between classical and operant conditioning
Classical conditioning involves the formation of association between two stimuli, whereas operant conditioning involves the formation of associations between responses and their consequences
Mary is often tired when she wakes up, so she starts drinking coffee every day at 8 AM, which makes her feel energized. One morning, she is coming home from an errand and she notices the time it is 8 AM. She had not wanted coffee before she checked the time, but she suddenly feels tired, and crêpes the drink. Mary, sudden craving for coffee after noticing the time and its example of which of the following?
Conditioned response
A person eats a hamburger at a restaurant and develops a very bad stomachache after eating. As a result of the sudden illness, the person cannot eat hamburgers anymore. Just thinking about them, makes the person feel sick to their stomach. In this scenario, the thought of a hamburger is
Conditioned stimulis
A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?
Difficulty speaking
Billy was bitten by big German Shepherd dog when he was five years old. To this day, he is scared of big dogs, but not little dogs like Chihuahuas or toy poodles. This reaction best illustrates
Discrimination
Which of the following neurotransmitters is linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?
Dopamine
In a drug study , neither the participants nor the person receiving the new drug and who is receiving the placebo . This type of research design is said to distributing the pills knows who is be a ( n ) . study .
Double - blind
Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables ?
-0.85
In a normal belt curve about what percent of scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean
68%
In a normal curve, about _______ % of the scores fall within one standard of deviation of the mean.
68%
Our short-term memory span is approximately how many items?
7
Samantha experienced a traumatic brain injury after work, can't exhibit bizarre symptoms that no one had ever documented before. The best research method to study Samantha that would be
A case study
Firefighters are often required to walk through local buildings and drive trucks around the areas. They serve as part of their training. The most likely purpose of this training is to develop
A cognitive map
Researchers looking to create a drug to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease would most likely focus their efforts on which of the following neurotransmitters?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Irene is having trouble convincing her husband that spanking their children isn't necessarily the best way to control their behavior. Which of the following arguments should she use to support her position?
All of the above arguments to support Irene's position
If Jeff tried to learn long list of words, he would most likely forget words that
Appeared in the middle of the list
Which of the following is positive correlation?
As study time decreases, students achieve lower grades
What process transfers information from sensory to short-term memory?
Attention
A study of TV viewing that is described in the textbook, researchers measured the extent to which children watched programs with violent content, then interviewed those same children 15 years later. Analysis of the data revealed that
Early TV viewing causes later aggression
The law of effect states that rewarding behavior is likely to recur is which psychologist principle
Edward Thorndike
During English class, Caleb is worried about it unfinished history project that's due later in the day. All the English teacher and other students discuss the short story class just read, Caleb's attention is focused on how to finish the history project. The next day he's unable to recall the short story details presented in English class. The recall problem is most likely due to
Encoding failure
The pain of children is most likely reduced by the accelerated release of
Endorphins
Charlie recalls the day last summer when he fell off his bike and scraped his knee. This is an example of.
Episodic memory
If teenager would most likely draw on, which of the following to recall her 10th birthday party?
Episodic memory
If I have identified and manipulated independent and dependent variables, what type of research design am I likely to be using?
Experiment
To obtain objective information , researchers sometimes must deceive their subjects . Ethically , research involving deception must always
Explain the deception to the subjects after the data are collected and obtain their informed consent to use the information obtained
The fire alarm goes off, so so many times in their new school that Maddie and Lexi don't even flinch when they hear it. In fact, they even remained in the school library during a fire drill because they assumed it was another malfunction. They failure to respond like they did to the fire alarm shows the process of
Extinction
Which of the following regions of the body has the largest area of sensory cortex devoted to it?
Face
For every 20 cell phones that Tom sells, he will get a $50 bonus. The bonuses are an example of which of the following types of reinforcement schedules?
Fixed ratio
Secondary reinforcers are powerful tool for shaping behavior, because they have become associated with primary reinforcers. Which of the following is not a secondary reinforcer?
Food
Rozanne suffered a severe head injury after a head-on collision. After the accident, she acted irresponsibly, did not seem to plan effectively, and was easily angered. Which part of the following areas was most likely injured?
Frontal lobe
Which of the following is an example of of using positive reinforcement to get a toddler to repeat the response of washing his hands after eating?
Giving him a treat for washing his hands
Which of the following best describes the research of Wilhelm Wundt's first psychology laboratory?
He measured the reaction time between hearing a sound and pressing a button
Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken?
Hypothalamus
Which of the following brain structures are most centrally involved in hunger motivation?
Hypothalamus
Are unconscious capacity for learning how to do something as known as what memory
Implicit
Dylan has difficulty solving a psychics problem in this class. The next day he suddenly thinks of a solution to the problem as he is watching a friend play the guitar. The thought process that Dylan experience is an example of
Insight learning
Which of the following statements best placebo effect?
It can be brought about by the individual's expectations
Well, you were jogging in the park, a family, enjoying a picnic catches your eye. You just keep running and think nothing of them. The image of the family will
Last about 1 second
In a memory experiment, researcher, Mrs. Minor reads the same phrases to two groups of students. Group is asked to determine how easily the phrases were pronounced in group B was asked to make a visual image of the phrase. During a recall test, participants in group B recall significantly more phrases than group pay. Memory researcher attribute this effect to differences in
Levels of processing
Which of the following psychologist would most likely agree with a statement: " behavior is a result of the combination of reinforcers and punishers"?
BF Skinner
Researches are interested in whether a nutritionally poor diet during pregnancy increases the likelihood of birth defects. Which of the following designs is the best option for investigating this question?
Because of ethical concerns, participants could not be randomly assigned to groups
Experiments in classical conditioning, the dog salvation was
Both an unconditioned and a conditioned response
In what important way does research on taste aversion, conducted by John Garcia demonstrate how biology can strongly influence classical conditioning?
By showing that some associations between unconditioned and conditions in life, are more easily learned than others.
Difficulty in typing smoothly on the keyboard, but most likely result from damage to the
Cerebellum
as you leave class, you hear the teacher mention that the next class will deal with the larges of the limbic system structures and one which is also implicated in the acquisition of memories. the most likely topic of the next class will be:
Characteristics of the hippocampus
What did Albert Bandera's bobo doll experiments demonstrate?
Children are likely to imitate the behavior of adults
The increase in synaptic firing contributes to memory formation is known as
Long term potentiation
A man is convicted of being a serial killer . A psychologist who favors the biological perspective . would be most likely to look for the determinant of the killer's behavior in the
Man's brain and nervous system processes
Professor Gonzales is interested in evaluating the ability of a new method of note-taking to improve student grades. Group A is trained in the new method and group B uses the traditional outline method taking notes. What is Professor Gonzales independent variable?
Method of note taking
If you were a cognitive psychologist seeking to understand this behavior , you Suppose you read in a newspaper that someone robbed a store after watching a particularly would be interested in whether the
Movie affected the thoughts and attitudes of the individual
The ability to remember how to tie a certain indicates what type of memory?
Procedural
Because it has all the features commonly associated with the concept seat a stool is considered a
Prototype
With which of the following statements would John B. Watson most likely agree?
Psychology should focus on observable behavior
A researcher who is trying to develop a test of musical aptitude is overheard to say , " I want to make sure the test that I am developing gives similar results time after time . " In the language of psychological development , this researcher is determined to develop a test that has high
Reliability
Mr. Buck must learn 160 new student names every year and find it difficult to remember the names of former students. The teachers memory problem most likely results from
Retroactive interference
The process which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed back into the neuron after fires is called
Reuptake
Which of the following is not an example of a pneumonic device?
Reviewing your notes on Quizlet
Students from a journalism class ask only their friends to participate in a school newspaper survey and neglect to ask the rest of the student body. The journalism students' data may not be generalizable due to
Sampling bias
Jesse accidentally touches the stove while it's still hot, but quickly pulls her hand away, even before sensory information about the hot stove reaches the brain. Jesse's reaction is most directly enabled by.
The spinal reflex
Ms Hatch, a principal, is interested in the difference in student behavior between two groups of third grade classrooms at her school. She asks the art teacher Mrs. Williams, whose class meets 9 am and later 1 pm to record over a week the number of times students in her classroom acts out. Mrs. Williams morning class has 31 students and her afternoon class has 32 students. "Acting out" is defined as students speaking without raising their hand or getting out of their seats without being given pe
The time of day was a confounding variable
After the student council election, a friend tells you he has known for weeks who would be elected president. What does this seem to illustrate?
hindsight bias
Nature is to nurture as
innate tendencies are to social experience
During neural firing, the part of the neuron that acts as an insulator and conductor to speed the electrical impulse as it travels down the axon is..
myelin sheath
Beth received a hemispherectomy to treat a seizure disorder when she was two years old. However, by the time she was five years old, her cognitive abilities were the same as those of a neurotypical five year old. Which of the following best explains her abilities?
neuroplasticity
The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches?
psychodynamic
Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as
refractory period
The limbic system plays an important role in
regulating emotion
If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage to what area of the brain?
right parietal lobe
A lopsided set of scores that includes a number of extreme or unusual values is said to be
skewed
you know that turning pages of a book, using your pen to take notes, or raising your hand are all possible due to your
somatic nervous system
Neurotransmitters are typically stored in which of the following parts of a neuron?
terminal buttons
Historically speaking, the case of Phineas Gage, a railroad worker who was injured in 1848, is important because it provides the earliest documented evidence for a link between
the brain and complex emotional responses
