AP PSYCH FINAL
Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into A. synaptic gaps B. the bloodstream C. dendrites D. sensory neurons E. interneurons
B. the bloodstream
The first psychological laboratory was established by A. William James B. John Watson C. Wilhelm Wundt D. Sigmund Freud E. Jean Piaget
C Wilhelm Wundt
If sources on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) are normally distributed, with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, what percentage of scores will fall between 85 and 115? A. 34 B. 47 C. 68 D. 80 E. 95
C. 68
Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation? A. dissociation theory B. social influence theory C. activation-synthesis theory D. Freud's dream theory E. paradoxical sleep theory
C. activation-synthesis theory
The most extensive regions of a human's cerebral cortex, which enable learning and memory, are called the A. reticular formation B. medulla C. sensory areas D. cerebellum E. association areas
E. association areas
The function of dendrites is to A. receive incoming signals from other neurons B. release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons C. coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems D. control pain through the release of opiate-like chemicals into the brain E. transmit signals to other neurons
A. receive incoming signals from other neurons
An undersupply of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter known as ________ is linked to seizures. A. glutamate B. GABA C. serotonine D. ACh E. dopamine
B. GABA
In a recent car accident, Mr. McHughbertson sustained damage to his right cerebral hemisphere. This injury is most likely to reduce his ability to A. recognize familiar faces B. solve arithmetic problems C. understand simple verbal requests D. process information in an orderly sequence E. control his aggression
A. recognize familiar faces
A researcher was interested in studying the effects of a new medication on depression. One group received the new medication and another group received a standard medication for depression. The researcher asked participants to answer a series of questions rating their mood levels before and after six weeks of taking the medications. Which of the following is the control condition in this study? A. the group receiving the standard medication B. the rating of the participant's mood levels C. the participants D. the group receiving the new medication E. the series of questions
A. the group receiving the standard medication
According to Hughbertina's grandfather, Adolf Hitler's obvious emotional instability made it clear from the beginning days of his international conflicts that Germany would inevitably lose World War II. The grandfather's claim best illustrates A. the hindsight bias B. illusory correlation C. overconfidence D. an illusion of control E. random sampling
A. the hindsight bias
Professor Hughbertilli contends that parents and children have similar levels of intelligence largely because they share common genes. His idea is best described as a(n) A. theory B. replication C. naturalistic observation D. illusory correlation E. hindsight bias
A. theory
At a synapse, neurotransmitters released by the sending neuron do which of the following? A. they bind to receptors at the receiving neuron, which opens ion channels B. they combine with neurotransmitters released by the receiving neuron C. they combine with neurotransmitters released by other sending neurons D. they pass through channels into the receiving neuron E. they bind to ions in the synapse, which creates a chemical reaction that causes the receiving neuron to fire
A. they bind to receptors at the receiving neuron, which opens ion channels
Hughbie was able to jerk his hand out of the scalding water before sensing any pain because this withdrawal reflex ______ A. was activated by interneurons in her spinal cord B. did not involve activity in her central nervous system C. was activated by the rapidly responding brain D. was activated by her self-regulating autonomic nervous system E. was controlled by both her nervous system and impulses from her endocrine system
A. was activated by interneurons in her spinal cord
In a group of five individuals, two report annual incomes of $10,000, and the other three report incomes of $14,000, $15,000, and $31,000, respectively. The mode of this group's distribution of annual incomes is A. $10,000 B. $15,000 C. $16,000 D. $31,000 E. $80,000
A. $10,000
Hughbertaki thought he had insomnia so he went to a clinic that specializes in sleep disorders to be diagnosed. The medical team was interested in monitoring his brain wave activity while he slept, so they most likely used which kind of brain scan? A. EEG B. CT C. fMRI D. PET E. MRI
A. EEG
Who would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and to define psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior"? A. John B. Watson B. Edward Titchener C. Wilhelm Wundt D. Jean Piaget E. William James
A. John B. Watson
Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________. A. REM sleep; NREM-3 sleep B. narcolepsy; sleep apnea C. delta waves; alpha waves D. NREM-3 sleep; NREM-2 sleep E. NREM-2 sleep; NREM-1 sleep
A. REM sleep; NREM-3 sleep
Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the A. adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions B. component elements of sensory experience C. disruptive effects of unconscious motives D. treatment of psychological disorders E.inward immediate sensations, feelings, and impulses
A. adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions
As a participant in a sleep-research study for the past three nights, Hughbert has been repeatedly disturbed during REM sleep. Tonight, when allowed to sleep undisturbed, Hughbert will likely experience A. an increase in REM sleep B. sleep apnea C. insomnia D. dissociation E. an increase in NREM sleep
A. an increase in REM sleep
Hughberette was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia. The delusional thinking and the hallucinations that she has been experiencing are most closely linked with excess receptor activity for the neurotransmitter ___ A. dopamine B. epinephrine C. acetylcholine D. serotonine E. GABA
A. dopamine
Three hours after going to sleep, Hughbertina's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Hughbertina is A. dreaming B. entering the third stage of sleep C. ready to sleepwalk D. exhibiting a sleep spindle E. experiencing a night terror
A. dreaming
When Mr. Hughbert calculated his students' algebra test scores, he noticed that two students had extremely low scores. Which measure of central tendency is affected most by the scores of these two students? A. mean B. standard deviation C. mode D. median E. range
A. mean
In the early 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific study of A. mental processes B. hereditary influences C. unconscious motives D. learned behaviors E. evolutionary influences
A. mental processes
To study the development of relationships, Dr. Hughbertistan carefully observed and recorded patterns of verbal and nonverbal behaviors among boys and girls in the schoolyard. Which research method did the doctor employ? A. naturalistic observation B. replication C. the survey D. the case study E. experimentation
A. naturalistic observation
Variation is to central tendency as ________ is to ________ A. range; median B. median; mean C. mode; mean D. scatterplot; bar graph E. correlation; scatterplot
A. range; median
Hughbert experienced a traumatic brain injury and afterward began to exhibit bizarre symptoms that no one had ever documented before. The best research method to study Hughbert would be A. an experiment B. a case study C. a correlational study D. a survey E. naturalistic observation
B. a case study
Botulin is a poison with a molecular structure so similar to acetylcholine (ACh) that it blocks the effects of ACh in synapses, making Botulin which kind of molecule? A. agonist B. antagonist C. endorphin D. endocrine E. autonomic
B. antagonist
The medulla is to the control of _________ as the cerebellum is to the control of ______ A. eating; sleeping B. breathing; walking C. emotion; motivation D. memory; attention E. hearing; seeing
B. breathing; walking
After a car swerves in front of you on the highway, you notice that your heart is still racing, even though you know you are no longer in danger. Why do the physical symptoms of fear linger even after we cognitively realize the danger has passed? A. dopamine controls fear, and this chemical takes a certain amount of time to break down in your system B. endocrine messages tend to outlast the effects of neural messages C. excitatory neurotransmitters travel faster than inhibitory neurotransmitters D. the parasympathetic nervous system is less effective than the sympathetic nervous system E. the adrenal glands tend to act more quickly than the rest of the endocrine system
B. endocrine messages tend to outlast the effects of neural messages
The impact of circadian rhythms is best illustrated by _______ A. the differing musical preferences of younger and older persons B. fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of a day C. the different study habits of men and women D. the different personalities of people born during different months of the year E. varying levels of neurotransmitters during REM sleep
B. fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of a day
Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that A. hypnosis is a unique state of consciousness B. hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects C.the process of dissociation best explains hypnotic phenomena D. most hypnotized people are consciously faking hypnosis E. hypnotic susceptibility is positively correlated with introversion
B. hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects
Olds and Milner located reward centers in the brain structure known as the A. sensory cortex B. hypothalamus C. cerebellum D. medulla E. amygdala
B. hypothalamus
Because she had a serious traffic accident on Friday the 13th of last month, Felicia is convinced that all Friday the 13ths will bring bad luck. Felicia's belief best illustrates A. the illusion of control B. illusory correlation C. the hindsight bias D. overconfidence E. random sampling
B. illusory correlation
Hughlee, a high school student, tells her therapist that she has had a recurring dream in which she hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. The therapist explains that the dream reflects Hughlee's unresolved feelings of hostility toward her father. According to Freud, the therapist is revealing the possible __________ content of Hughlee's dream A. manifest B. latent C. circadian D. dissociated E. delta
B. latent
Dr. Hugh wants to reduce his students' perception that psychological experiments merely document the obvious. His best strategy would be to ask the students to A. describe how experimental hypotheses were derived from basic psychological principles B. predict the outcomes of experiments before they are told the actual results C. explain the outcomes of experiments after they are told the actual results D. personally engage in naturalistic observation E. survey students living on campus
B. predict the outcomes of experiments before they are told the actual results
Professor Hughston was skeptical about the accuracy of recently reported research on sleep deprivation. Which process would best enable her to access the reliability of these findings? A. naturalistic observation B. replication C. random sampling D. the case study E. standard deviation
B. replication
Prozac, a drug commonly prescribed to treat depression, prevents the sending neuron from taking in excess serotonin. Which process does this drug prevent from taking place? A. depolarization B. reuptake C. the all-or-none response D. an action potential E. a refractory period
B. reuptake
The parietal lobes are to ______ as the occipital lobes are to __________ A. hearing; speaking B. sensing touch; seeing C. sensing pleasure; sensing pain D. tasting; smelling E. speaking; seeing
B. sensing touch; seeing
As you are reading this question, the cells in your eyes are firing in response to the light coming from this paper. Which type of neuron is carrying this message to the brain? A. interneuron B. sensory C. presynaptic D. motor E. efferent
B. sensory
Professor Hughbertson noticed that the distribution of students' scores on her last biology test had an extremely small standard deviation. This indicates that the A. test was given to a very small class of students B. students' scores tended to be very similar to one another C. mean test score was lower than the median score D. students generally performed very well on the test E. test was a poor measure of the students' knowledge
B. students' scores tended to be very similar to one another
When Compton was visiting his mom in Minnesota, he was able to head down to the Iowana Beach Resort to see a bear that was searching for food in a dumpster. After the bear exited the dumpster and looked around at the nearby people, the bear slammed its front paws on the ground and "boofed" loudly, which terrified Compton and triggered his "fight or flight" response, increasing his heart rate and blood pressure, as he screamed like a child and ran away. Which part of Compton's nervous system initiated the "fight or flight" response? A. somatic nervous system B. sympathetic nervous system C. motor cortex D. limbic system E. parasympathetic nervous system
B. sympathetic nervous system
A hypothesis is a(n) A. educated guess B. testable prediction that gives direction to research C. set of principles that organizes observations and explains newly discovered facts D. unprovable assumption about the unobservable processes that underlie psychological functioning E. statement of procedures used to define research variables
B. testable prediction that gives direction to research
Which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep? A. the sleep cycle repeats itself every 60 minutes B. during REM sleep the muscles are tense and brain waves reveal deep relaxation C. as sleep progresses, deep sleep diminishes while REM sleep increases D. most of a night's sleep is spent in REM E. everyone needs 8 hours of sleep per night
C. as sleep progresses, deep sleep diminishes while REM sleep increases
If the correlation between the physical weight and reading ability of children is +0.85, this would indicate that A. there is very little statistical relationship between weight and reading ability among children B. low body weight has a negative effect on the reading abilities of children C. better reading ability is associated with greater physical weight among children D. body weight has no causal influence on the reading abilities of children E. weight is a casual variable dependent on reading ability
C. better reading ability is associated with greater physical weight among children
In a class lecture, Professor Hughberton emphasized the extent to which abnormal blood chemistry can contribute to psychological disorders. The professor's lecture highlighted a ________ perspective on psychological disorders. A. psychodynamic B. humanistic C. biological D. social-cultural E. cognitive
C. biological
While mapping the motor cortex, researchers Foerster and Penfield found that A. although the mind's subsystems are localized in specific brain regions, the brain acts like a unified whole B. damage to a specific area in the left frontal lobe disrupted speech ability C. body areas requiring the greatest control occupied the greatest amount of cortical space D. if one part of the brain is damaged, the brain will compensate by putting other areas to work E. our brain processes most information out of our awareness
C. body areas requiring the greatest control occupied the greatest amount of cortical space
Following the scientific discovery that a specific brain structure is significantly larger in violent individuals than in those who are nonviolent, a news headline announced: "Enlarged Brain Structure Triggers Violent Acts." The headline writer should most clearly be warned about the dangers of A. perceiving illusory correlations B. explaining events in hindsight C. confusing correlation with causation D. generalizing from unrepresentative samples E. discerning order in random events
C. confusing correlation with causation
The ability to simultaneously copy different figures with the right and left hand is most characteristic of those whose _______________ has been cut A. angular gyrus B. reticular formation C. corpus callosum D. motor cortex E. sensory cortex
C. corpus callosum
In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head. The once friendly, soft-spoken Gage became irritable and dishonest. Gage's case provided evidence that which region of the brain plays a role in personality and behavior? A. temporal lobes B. sensory cortex C. frontal lobes D. parietal loves E. Broca's area
C. frontal lobes
Which of the following defines ethical principles that should guide human experimentation? A. control group, random sampling, random assignment B. case study, naturalistic observation, survey C. informed consent, protection from harm, confidentiality, debriefing D. volunteer participants only, no deception, incentives for participation E. effect size, statistical significance, measures of central tendency, variation
C. informed consent, protection from harm, confidentiality, debriefing
Research participants who carefully observe and report their immediate reactions and feelings in response to different musical sounds are using the method known as A. spaced practice B. psychoanalysis C. introspection D. natural selection E. SQ3R
C. introspection
In a study of the effects of alcohol consumption, some participants drank a nonalcoholic beverage that actually smelled and tasted like alcohol. This nonalcoholic drink was a A. dependent variable B. replication C. placebo D. random sample E. double blind
C. placebo
One function of glial cells is to A. control heartbeat and breathing B. mimic the effects of neurotransmitters C. provide nutrients to inter-neurons D. stimulate the production of hormones E. control the muscle movements involved in speech
C. provide nutrients to inter-neurons
Mrs. Hughbein believes that her husbands angry outbursts against her result from his unconscious hatred of his own mother. Mrs. Hughbein is looking at her husband's behavior from a(n) _______ perspective A. evolutionary B. behavioral C. psychodynamic D. biological E. social-cultural
C. psychodynamic
A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual field of a split-brain patient. The individual will be able to use her ______ A. right hand to indicate she saw a cat B. left hand to indicate she saw a mouse C. right hand to indicate she saw a mouse D. left or right hand to indicate she saw a cat E. left or right hand to indicate she saw a mouse
C. right hand to indicate she saw a mouse
The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called A. alpha waves B. circadian rhythms C. sleep spindles D. delta waves E. amplitude waves
C. sleep spindles
Dr. Hughbertopolis attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a(n) _______ perspective A. psychodynamic B. behavioral C. social-cultural D. biological E. evolutionary
C. social-cultural
Hughbie has volunteered to participate in an experiment evaluating the effectiveness of aspirin. Neither he nor the experimenters know whether the pills he takes during the experiment contain aspirin or are merely placebos. The investigators are apparently making use of A. naturalistic observation B. illusory correlation C. the double-blind procedure D. random sampling E. the overconfidence effect
C. the double-blind procedure
The brains of patients with Parkinson's disease have little dopamine. Drugs used to treat such patients bind to dopamine receptors, thereby stimulating those receptors. These drugs would be considered A. antagonists B. sympathetic C. selectively permeable D. endorphins E. agonists
E. agonists
Hughson has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to A. viral infections B. obesity C. cancer D. cardiovascular disease E. all of the above
E. all of the above
Which of the following describes what happens when a neuron sends a signal? A. the neuron goes from being positively charged to briefly being negatively charged, and finally returns to being positively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge is fixed regardless of the strength of the input signal it receives B. the neuron goes from being negatively charged to briefly being positively charged, and finally returns to being negatively charged again. The magnitude of the positive charge varies depending on the strength of the input signal it receives C. the neuron goes from being negatively charged to briefly being positively charged, and finally returns to being negatively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge is fixed regardless of the strength of the input signal it receives D. the neuron goes from being negatively charged to being positively charged, and then it remains at that level until it fires again. The magnitude of the positive charge varies depending on the strength of the input signal it receives E. the neuron goes from being positively charged to briefly being negatively charged, and finally returns to being positively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge varies depending on the strength of the input signal it receives
C. the neuron goes from being negatively charged to briefly being positively charged, and finally returns to being negatively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge is fixed regardless of the strength of the input signal it receives
In the hypothesis "Students who study a list of terms in the morning, just after waking up, will recall more terms than students who study the list just before falling asleep," what is the independent variable? A. list of terms B. memorization C. time of day D. number of terms remembered E. students
C. time of day
The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on A. natural selection B. brain chemistry C. unconscious conflicts D. learned behaviors E. introspection
C. unconscious conflicts
Which of the following correlations between annual income and education level would best enable you to predict annual income on the basis of level of education? A. +0.05 B. -0.01 C. +0.10 D. +0.50 E. -0.001
D. +0.50
What is the main difference between an MRI scan and an fMRI scan? A. MRI scans are able to show internal structures of the brain, fMRI scans can also show external structures B. MRI scans use X-rays, fMRI scans use gamma rays C. MRI scans measure glucose levels in the brain, fMRI scans measure oxygen levels D. MRI scans show structural details of the brain, fMRI scans show structure and activity levels E. MRI scans measure brain wave activity, fMRI scans use a series of X-ray images to show structural details
D. MRI scans show structural details of the brain, fMRI scans show structure and activity levels
The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n) A. MRI B. brain lesion C. EEG D. PET scan E. hemispherectomy
D. PET scan
Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through A. dissociation B. neuroadaptation C. hypnagogic sensations D. REM sleep E. parallel processing
D. REM sleep
When asked to describe a picture that showed two boys stealing cookies behind a woman's back, a patient replied, "Mother is away her working her work to get her better, but when she's looking the two boys looking the other part." Which brain region has most likely been damaged? A. Broca's area B. angular gyrus C. corpus callosum D. Wernicke's area E. parietal lobes
D. Wernicke's area
When seeking approval to conduct an experiment using participants from her college psychology course, a student researcher should A. ask her professor B. request permission from the dean of the department C. get consent from students' parents D. apply to the institutional review board at the university E. apply to the IACUC at the university
D. apply to the institutional review board at the university
Researchers are interested in studying the impact of drugs on human fetuses. In this case, why would a correlational study be more appropriate than an experiment? A. because cause and effect can only be determined by a correlational study B. because correlational studies allow you to observe behavior in non-artificial environments C. because researchers using correlational studies may generalize to the population from an atypical case D. because participants could not be ethically assigned to an experimental or control condition E. because correlational studies permit researchers to estimate the reported behaviors of a whole population
D. because participants could not be ethically assigned to an experimental or control condition
Ms. Hughbertowski believes that her son has become a good student because she always praises his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ______ perspective A. biopsychosocial B. biological C. psychodynamic D. behavioral E. structural
D. behavioral
Dr. Hughcott hypothesized that students in a classroom seating 30 would get higher course grades than students seated in an auditorium seating 300. In this example, A. Dr. Hughcott has found a cause-effect relationship B. Dr. Hughcott has found a positive correlation between classroom size and course grades C. the independent variable is the measurement of course grades D. classroom size has been operationally defined E. Dr. Hughcott has demonstrated the importance of random sampling
D. classroom size has been operationally defined
Hughbert has just played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. His lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of ______ A. glutamate B. dopamine C. acetylcholine D. endorphins E. insulin
D. endorphins
How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep? A. cell clusters in the hypothalamus stimulate the production of relatively slow alpha waves, signaling the transition from deep relaxation to sleep B. the hypothalamus triggers the pituitary gland in the endocrine system to produce the hormone thyroxin, which leads you to sleep C. during sleep the hypothalamus stimulates the production of free radicals, molecules that are toxic to neurons, which weakens unused connections D. in response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiasmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep E. the action of the hypothalamus suppresses immune cell production that fights off viral infections and cancer
D. in response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiasmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep
Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their biology or by their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate regarding A. structuralism versus functionalism B. evolution versus natural selection C. observation versus introspection D. nature versus nurture E. humansim versus behaviorism
D. nature versus nurture
People can simultaneously process many aspects of sensory information such as color, shape, and size. This best illustrates the functioning of multiple A. ACh agonists B. dendrites C. endorphins D. neural networks E. ACh antagonists
D. neural networks
In the hypothesis "Students who study a list of terms in the morning, just after waking up, will recall more terms than students who study the list just before falling asleep," what is the dependent variable? A. list of terms B. memorization C. time of day D. number of terms remembered E. students
D. number of terms remembered
Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are ________ A. forgotten again as soon as the person awakens from the hypnotic state B. accurate recollections of information previously learned C. experienced as being inaccurate even when they are true D. often a combination of fact and fiction E. often accurate indicators of childhood sexual abuse
D. often a combination of fact and fiction
At the age of 22, Mrs. Hughbertowski was less than 4 feet tall. Her short stature was probably influenced by the lack of a growth hormone produced by the A. pancreas B. thyroid C. adrenal gland D. pituitary gland E. myelin
D. pituitary gland
Resting potential is to action potential as ________ is to ________. A. adrenal gland; pituitary gland B. sensory neuron; motor neuron C. temporal lobe; occipital lobe D. polarization; depolarization E. dendrite; axon
D. polarization; depolarization
Dr. McHughbertson follows the structuralist school of thought. Her techniques would most likely include A. presenting a participant with an ambiguous stimuli, such as a picture of an older woman looking over the shoulder of a younger woman, and then asking the participant to make up a story about what is going on in the picture B. asking a participant to describe whatever thoughts come to mind, without censorship C. rewarding a student with a sticker for every day that the student does not talk in class and with an extra ten minutes of recess after the student accumulates ten stickers D. presenting a participant with an object, such as a can of soda, and having the subject report his or her perceptions or experience of the can E. encouraging a client to reevaluate distorted or unhelpful thoughts and work on coping startegies
D. presenting a participant with an object, such as a can of soda, and having the subject report his or her perceptions or experience of the can
If professor Hughbertson doesn't drink caffeinated sodas daily, he experiences severe headaches. Dr. Hughbertson is most clearly showing signs of A. tolerance B. physical dependence C. a hypnagogic state D. psychological dependence E. dissociation
D. psychological dependence
Waking up frequently, loud snoring, silent pauses in breathing, and sleepiness during the day are symptoms of ____________ A. insomnia B. circadian rhythm sleep disorders C. narcolepsy D. sleep apnea E. somnambulism
D. sleep apnea
When the observed difference between the means of an experimental group and control group are not likely due to chance, researchers conclude that this difference is A. positively correlated B. highly variable C. reliable D. statistically significant E. experimentally empirical
D. statistically significant
What do methamphetamine, caffeine, and cocaine have in common? A. they slow body functions and calm neural activity B. they depress neural functioning and reduce pain C. they distort perceptions and evoke sensations without sensory input D. they excite neural activity and arouse body functions E. they relax the body, lead to disinhibition, and produce euphoria
D. they excite neural activity and arouse body functions
Mr. and Mrs. Hughbertz have six children aged 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, and 16. The mean age of these children is A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 E. 8
E. 8
During the past year, Hughbert and Hughbie each read 2 books, but Hughbertaki read 9, Hughberette read 12, and Hughbertina read 25. The median number of books read by these individuals was A. 2 B. 50 C. 10 D. 12 E. 9
E. 9
Which psychologist was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology after Harvard University declined to give Mary Calkins the Ph.D.? A. Jean Piaget B. Francis Bacon C. Rosalie Rayner D. Mary Calkins E. Margaret Washburn
E. Margaret Washburn
In 1953, H.M. underwent surgery to control his seizures. Doctors removed tissue from the hippocampus. As a result H.M.'s memory was severely impaired. Psychologists studied H.M.'s memory function until his death in 2008. Which research method did the psychologists utilize in this situation? A. naturalistic observation B. correlation C. survey D. experimentation E. case study
E. case study
The hormone most associated with the fight or flight response is A. oxytocin B. testosterone C. estrogen D. dopamine E. epinephrine
E. epinephrine
Seven members of a Girl Scout troop report the following individual earnings from their sale of candy: $4, $1, $7, $6, $8, $2, and $7. In this distribution of individual earnings, the mean is A. equal to the mode and equal to the median B. less than the mode and equal to the median C. equal to the mode and greater than the median D. greater than the mode and greater than the median E. less than the mode and less than the median
E. less than the mode and less than the median
When provided with the unscrambled solution to anagrams, people underestimate the difficulty of solving the anagrams by themselves. This best illustrates A. illusory correlation B. regression toward the mean C. the placebo effect D. wording effects E. overconfidence
E. overconfidence
The King James Version of the Bible was completed when William Shakespeare was 46 years old. In Psalm 46 of this translation, the forty-sixth word is "shake", and the forty-sixth word from the end is "spear". Before concluding that the biblical translators were trying to be humourous with these specific word placements, you would be best advised to recognize the danger of A. considering these facts as statistically significant B. randomly sampling biblical passages C. generalizing from extreme examples D. assuming that most people share your opinions E. perceiving order in coincidental events
E. perceiving order in coincidental events
Motor neurons are to the ___________ nervous system as inter-neurons are to the _____________ nervous system A. sympathetic; parasympathetic B. central; peripheral C. automatic; somatic D. parasympathetic; sympathetic E. peripheral; central
E. peripheral; central
After Hughbertha's serious motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to her cerebellum. Hughbertha is most likely to have difficulty _______ A. experiencing printed words B. reading printed words C. understanding what others are saying D. tasting the flavors of foods E. playing the guitar
E. playing the guitar
In order to learn about the political attitudes of all students enrolled at Arizona State University, Professor Marlow randomly selected 800 of these students to complete a questionnaire. In this instance, all the students enrolled at Arizona State University are considered to be a(n) A. independent variable B. representative sample C. control D. dependent variable E. population
E. population
If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are A. casually related B. negatively correlated C. independent variables D. dependent variables E. positively correlated
E. positively correlated
To study the effects of noise on worker productivity, researchers have one group of subjects work in a noisy room and a second group work in a quiet room. To ensure that any differences in the productivity of the two groups actually result from the different noise levels to which the groups are exposed, the researchers would use A. the case study B. correlational measurement C. naturalistic observation D. replication E. random assignment
E. random assignment
To access reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her college, Hughbertha sent a questionnaire to every fifteenth person in the college registrar's alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Hughbertha employed the technique of A. random assignment B. naturalistic observation C. replication D. correlation E. random sampling
E. random sampling
A majority of respondents in a national survey agreed that "classroom prayer should not be allowed in public schools." Only 33 percent of respondents in a similar survey agreed that "classroom prayer in public schools should be banned." These divergent findings best illustrate the importance of A. operational definition B. the hindsight bias C. overconfidence D. random assignment E. wording effects
E. wording effects
