AP Psych Memory

Adam suffered a brain injury in a motorcycle accident that makes it impossible for him to form new memories. He can, however, remember his life experiences before the accident. Adam's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates: a. anterograde amnesia b. retroactive interference c. repression d. source amnesia

a.

In an effort to recall his early life experiences, Aaron formed vivid mental images of the rooms in his childhood home. Aaron was engaged in the process of: a. priming b. iconic memory c. implicit memory d. automatic processing

a.

If you ask your classmates to draw either side of a U.S. penny from memory, the vast majority will not be very successful. This is likely due to: a. misattribution b. encoding failure c. suggestibility d. bias

b.

It is not uncommon for us to recognize a person but to have no idea where we met them. Or, we may HEAR something but later recall that we SAW it. Both types of misattribution are known as: a. persistence b. source amnesia c. priming d. transience

b.

Because of _____________, "hypnotically refreshed" memories may prove inaccurate, especially if the hypnotist asks leading questions. a. encoding failure b. state-dependent memory c. proactive interference d. memory construction

d.

The sense of familiarity without awareness of why is known as: a. retroactive interference b. proactive interference c. flashbulb memory d. deja vu

d.

You hear a familiar word in your native language and it is virtually impossible not to recognize the word's meaning. This best illustrates the importance of: a. flashbulb memory b. iconic memory c. the spacing effect d. automatic processing

d.

While taking an American history exam, Marie was surprised and frustrated by her momentary inability to remember the name of the first president of the United States. Her difficulty most clearly illustrates: a. retrieval failure b. the self-reference effect c. state-dependent memory d. the serial position effect

a.

____________ is a newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, as well as of information retrieved from long-term memory a. working memory b. automatic processing c. spacing effect d. iconic memory

a.

Henry decided to organize what he is studying by paying attention to chapter outlines, headings, objectives, learning outcomes, and test questions. This best illustrates the use of: a. implicit memory b. hierarchical organization c. the method of loci d. the serial position effect

b.

Mr. Nydam suffers from amnesia and is unable to remember playing golf several times each week on a particular course. yet the more he plays the course, the more his game improves. His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between a. recognition and recall b. expicit memory and implicit memory c. short-term memory and long-term memory d. proactive interference and retroactive interference

b.

Oliver is trying to make an online purchase, but he doesn't have his credit card. He calls his wife, who reads the 16-digit credit card number to him. Unfortunately, Oliver cannot remember the number long enough to type it into the computer. This is because: a. his iconic memory is interfering b. the short-term memory is limited in duration and capacity c. he is rehearsing too hard d. the serial position effect is interfering

b.

Our tendency to recall the last and first items in a list is known as: a. the next-in-line effect b. the serial position effect c. the spacing effect d. the semantic effect

b.

Studying for your psychology test requires _______________. This means making attentive and conscious effort, but it pays off with lasting and accessible memories. a. mood-congruent memory b. effortful processing c. automatic processing d. implicit memory

b.

Which of the following is believed to be the neural basis for learning and memory? a. semantic encoding b. long-term potentiation c. proactive interference d. priming

b.

While you are watching television the electricity goes out. For a few tenths of a second you are still able to see the last images from the screen. This is an example of: a. echoic memory b. iconic memory c. implicit memory d. declarative memory

b.

Your brother often pretends to listen to what you are saying, but really he is focused elsewhere. When you ask him, "What did I just say?" he can sometimes repeat your last few words. This is likely due to: a. implicit memory b. echoic memory c. declarative memory d. iconic memory

b.

A police officer comes to talk to you about an automobile accident you may have witnessed the previous day. Since you were in the area at the time of the accident, the officer asks how fast the cars were going when they "smashed" into each other. Given the research findings of Loftus and Palmer, how might the officer's wording affect your recollection of the incident? You would be more likely to remember: a. a less serious accident than if the officer had used other wording b. no details of the accident because the officer was intimidating to you c. a more serious accident than if the officer had used other wording d. the officer's wording would not affect your memory of the incident

c.

Answering practice test questions about text material you have studied is a useful strategy for a. becoming aware of what you do not know yet b. activating your state-dependent memory c. automatically processing complex information d. facilitating the development of implicit memory

a.

Dr. Napleton prefers to give his students all essay and fill-in-the-blank questions to fully test their: a. recall b. reconstruction c. recognition d. relearning

a.

George Miller's research on short-term memory capacity indicated that we can only store __________ in our short-term memory a. about seven bits of information (give or take two) b. auditory stimuli c. visual images d. twelve bits of information

a.

Memories of events occurring before age ___ are often unreliable a. 3 b. 5 c. 2 d. 4

a.

Professor Mollier suggests that her students study for an exam in a room that has sound and lighting similar to their own classroom. She even suggests that they wear the same type of clothing while studying and while taking the exam. To increase their memory retention while studying, Professor Mollier wants the students to consider: a. the context in which learning occurred b. implicit memory c. retrieval failure d. retroactive interference

a.

The _________ is the neural center involved in processing explicit memories for storage a. hippocampus b. parietal lobe c. amygdala d. medulla

a.

The three steps in memory information processing are a. encoding, storage, retrieval b. input, storage, output c. input, storage, retrieval d. input, processing, output

a.

Whenever Sunny gets blue, she immediately is flooded with thoughts of failed relationships and missed chances. Sunny's experience BEST illustrates: a. mood-congruent memory b. retroactive interference c. the misinformation effect d. repression

a.

Which of the following best describes the typical forgetting curve? a. a rapid initial decline in retention, becoming stable thereafter b. a rapid decline in retention over time c. a slow decline in retention over time d. a slow initial decline in retention, becoming rapid thereafter

a.

Which of the following helps to retain information for a lifetime? a. distributed practice b. cramming c. shallow processing d. massed study

a.

Hakeem has a very clear memory of his daughter's birth. He remembers the weather, what he was wearing, the sounds in the hallway, and the joy he felt. Psychologists would say that: a. his ability to remember an emotionally significant event in so much detail is unusual b. he will completely forget all these memories over time c. he has a flashbulb memory for this event d. he is describing the spotlight effect

c.

Jamaal has to make an important phone call. Unfortunately, his cell phone is not charged so he has to use his landline, which does not store phone numbers. To make the call, he has to get the number from his cell phone and remember it long enough to dial it on his landline. For this task, which memory is most important? a. echoic memory b. flashbulb memory c. working memory d. long-term memory

c.

John has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, and while he is quite forgetful, he is still able to recall events from his teenage and young adult years. His ________ is still intact. a. short-term memory b. flashbulb memory c. long-term memory d. echoic memory

c.

Memories of emotional events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the: a. motor cortex b. hypothalamus c. amygdala d. sensory cortex

c.

Ralph came home quite drunk from the party on Saturday night. Luckily he was given a ride home. He threw his apartment keys down somewhere and immediately fell asleep. He may not be able to find his keys again until he is once again drunk because of: a. the misinformation effect b. source amnesia c. state-dependent memory d. repressed memory

c.

Ray is trying to determine if his 8-year-old daughter is telling the truth about an incident that happened when she was 4 years old. She claims that someone stole her doll and then ran over it with a car. However, her descriptions of the event are rather vague. What is the likelihood that she is remembering a real event? a. Because her memory of the event has persisted, it is likely a REAL memory b. Because she is repeating the "gist" and not the details of the event, it is likely a REAL memory c. Because she is repeating the "gist" and not the detains fo the event, it is likely a FALSE memory d. Children cannot remember things that happened before age 5, so it is likely a FALSE memory

c.

Ricardo distributes his study time rather than cramming because he wants to retain the information for the long-term. He is using the: a. semantic effect b. serial position effect c. spacing effect d. next-in-line effect

c.

The happier Judie feels, the more readily she recalls experiences with former teachers who were warm and generous. This best illustrates that emotional states can be _____. a. flashbulb memories b. sensory memories c. retrieval cues d. short-term memories

c.

The retention of encoded information over time refers to a. encoding b. rehearsal c. storage d. retrieval

c.

When Katrina studied the Russian language in high school, although not fluent, she did accumulate a large vocabulary. Years later, when she decided to go to Russia, she wanted to brush up on her vocabulary. She picked it up more quickly this time because: a. it is easier for adults to learn a language b. of the serial position effect c. it is easier to relearn; that is, to learn the material for a second time d. of the implicit memory effect

c.

When Yancy was sitting in the park one day he witnessed a robbery. When asked by the police to describe the young criminal, Yancy recalled erroneously that the criminal was a teenager rather than a young adult. Yancy's experience best illustrates: a. implicit memory b. the serial position effect c. the misinformation effect d. proactive interference

c.

When you encode a piece of target information, other bits of information become associated with it. The bits of information connected with the target information are known as: a. iconic memories b. sensory memories c. retrieval cues d. flashbulb memories

c.

Although Ron typically smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, he recalls smoking little more than a pack a day. This poor memory best illustrates a. the spacing effect b. the misinformation effect c. the self-reference effect d. motivated forgetting

d.

During a Spanish language exam, Janice easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning, but she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates: a. the spacing effect b. retroactive interference c. source amnesia d. proactive interference

d.

Employing the single word HOMES to remember the names of North America's five Great Lakes best illustrates the use of a. implicit memory b. the serial position effect c. the method of loci d. a mnemonic device

d.

Encoding is to _____ as storage is to _____. a. data stored on the hard drive; data printed on a page b. data on a flash drive; the computer screen c. data printed on a page; key strokes d. data input into a computer; data saved on the hard drive

d.

In Atkinson and Shiffrin's three-stage memory processing model we record information in which order? a. short-term memory, sensory memory, encoded memory b. sensory memory, encoded memory, long-term memory c. short-term memory, long-term memory, sensory memory d. sensory memory, short-terrm memory, long-term memory

d.

In the movie Memento, the lead character has to write everything on his body and take notes. Otherwise he quickly forgets because the injury he sustained left him without: a. echoic memory b. flashbulb memory c. long-term memory d. short-term memory

d.

Six-year-old Fiona has no memory of a trip she took to the hospital when she was 2 years old, yet the rest of her family recalls what happened in vivid detail. Her inability to remember this event is known as: a. regression b. state-dependent memory c. source amnesia d. infantile amnesia

d.

The most common response to a traumatic experience includes: a. posttraumatic stress disorder b. a change in personality c. repression of the memory to the unconscious d. vivid and persistent memories

d.

Which of the following will you most likely store as an implicit memory? a. a mental image of your best friend b. your name c. the date of your birth d. your conditioned fear of guns

d.