AP Psych quizzo/prac tests chapter 9 2/13/24

Which of the following statements is true of children in the preoperational stage?

Preoperational thoughts are more symbolic than sensorimotor thoughts.

Kareem's son, Saleem, is fond of a toy car. Whenever Kareem tries to take the toy car away and hide it behind a vase, Saleem immediately tries to look for it and goes behind the vase to get it. In the context of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which of the following can be definitely said of Saleem?

Saleem has developed object permanence.

Regina finds out that her baby has a birth defect. Even though Regina had a normal delivery, her baby has atypical limbs and a tiny head. Which of the following could have most likely caused these birth defects?

She consumed too much alcohol during pregnancy.

The Eisenbergs want to raise their children to be highly moral. Which positive parenting strategies might they use to accomplish this?

providing their children with information on expected behaviors

At the pre-conventional level of moral development, individuals decide right and wrong based on

punishments/rewards

Which of the following statements is true of parent and peer influences in adolescent development?

Adolescent peer influences can be positive or negative.

Which of the following statements is true of pubertal changes in human beings?

Androgen is associated in boys with the development of genitals, an increase in height, and voice change.

Identify a true statement about the cellular- clock theory.

As people age, cells become less capable of dividing.

Which of the following statements is true of the development of motor and perceptual skills in humans?

Babies are continually coordinating their movements with information they perceive through their senses.

Which of the following statements would a life-span developmentalist most likely state?

Childhood experiences are not necessarily more influential than later experiences.

Which of the following is true of the empiricist approach in cognitive and perceptual development?

It emphasizes the role of experience in cognitive development.

Which of the following statements is true of Carol Gilligan's care perspective?

It views people in terms of their connectedness with others.

Identify a true statement about human development.

Nature primarily involves the role of genes in influencing human development.

Which of the following reasons led to the criticism of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Piaget observed that the cognitive acumen of adolescents was lesser than young children.

Which of the following statements is true of the adolescent brain?

The prefrontal cortex continues to mature into early adulthood.

In the context of prenatal development, which of the following is true of the embryonic period?

The rate of cell differentiation intensifies.

Identify a true statement about cross-sectional studies.

They fail to explain the differences in characteristics of a group that stem from the time period in which the group was born.

According to Piaget, accommodation refers to

adjusting current schemas in order to make sense of new experiences

A newly pregnant woman is warned by a doctor about teratogens. She does not know what these are and wants to look them up in a book, but is unsure where to look. You tell her that the teratogens named in your text include

alcohol

Lynn is thrilled to find out she has finally become pregnant. She wants to make sure not to jeopardize the health of her baby. According to your text, she should avoid all of these, except

all perscription drugs

The main class of male sex hormones is ________

androgens

Denice wants to join a dance class. Her parents insist that she should focus on her studies rather than her dancing. She makes repeated requests, but her parents threaten to ground her if she fails to act as they say. They even verbally abuse and terrorize her to stay indoors. Denice's parents are most likely adopting a(n) _____ parenting style.

authoritarian

Miguel's son Lucas is fighting with his younger brother over a toy. Miguel gently explains to Lucas on how he could have avoided the fight with his brother. Instead of scolding his son, he communicates his points in a calm and a peaceful manner on ways to end his fight with his brother. Miguel is most likely a(n) _____ parent.

authoritative

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome are most likely to include

below average intelligence

The period known as infancy lasts approximately from

birth to 2 years

Selfless pursuits in middle age

can ease an individual into a positive and meaningful old age.

Megan is a 17-year-old girl who is interested in music. She wants to become a pop star and therefore, has joined piano and vocal training classes. According to Marcia's theory on identity status, which of the following dimensions of identity is being focused by Megan?

commitment

Between ages 7 and 11, children gain the ability to classify things into different sets or subsets and to consider their interrelations. Piaget calls this particular stage

concrete operational

Between ages 7 and 11, many of the restrictions of earlier patterns disappear and children can think in sophisticated ways as long as what they are thinking about is tangibly represented. Piaget calls this stage

concrete operational

Peter is 10 years old. He likes to play a game called "name, place, things, animals" along with his friends, because he often wins and is very good at it. In this game, children are given a list of random nouns, and they are to write the nouns in the correct column. For example, if the noun is "dog," they are supposed to write "dog" under the "animals" column. According to this scenario, Peter is most likely in Piaget's _____ stage of development.

concrete operational

Reversibility is a skill usually not achieved until Piaget's ________ stage.

concrete operational

The work of Harry and Margaret Harlow established that

contact comfort is more important than feeding in the attachment process

The work of Harry Harlow established that

contact comfort is more important than feeding in the attachment process.

A child decides to steal a small item from a neighborhood store in order to be accepted into a club. The child reasons that the stealing behavior is acceptable because it is what his friends expect of him. According to Kohlberg, this child is operating at the ________ level.

conventional

Veronica caught her neighbor stealing her purse. The neighbor confessed that she didn't have enough money to pay her rent and bills. Even though Veronica sympathized with her neighbor, she filed a complaint against her because she wanted to follow the law. According to Kohlberg's stages of moral development, she is most likely in the _____ stage of moral development.

conventional

Habituation refers to the

decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus to which one is repeatedly exposed

Erikson's theory is based on the assumption that

each person faces a set of predictable life-changing challenges at various stages of life

Four-year-old Jennifer mistakenly believes that her mother would like to receive a doll for Christmas. This best illustrates Piaget's concept of

egocentrism

Which psychologist articulated the steps of cognitive development from infancy to adulthood?

erikson

According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, preschoolers who do not develop a sense of taking responsibility

feel guilty

According to Jeffrey Arnett, an emerging adult who considers himself neither an adolescent nor a full-fledged adult is associated with the _____ feature of emerging adulthood.

feeling in between

An older adult who sees meaning in his or her life continues to live a satisfying existence. Erikson refers to this as

generativity

Kara just brought her newborn baby home from the hospital. Family, friends and neighbors all came to visit. At first, every time the doorbell rang, the baby cried. But after a few days with the doorbell ringing often, the infant no longer cried at the sound. Based on the discussion of physical development in childhood in your textbook, what could likely be the reason for this?

habituation has occured

A child develops initiative when

he wants to help his mother dust the furniture.

According to Kohlberg, which of the following phrases describes the basis of moral reasoning in early childhood?

i dont want to get caught

If 30-year-old Peter is unsure of what he should do with his life and where he fits in, Erikson would most likely agree that Peter did not successfully complete

identity vs identity confusion

Sammy is in third grade. When he won the spelling bee, he felt proud of his accomplishment. However, when he could not complete his arithmetic assignment on time, he felt incompetent. Which of the following Erikson's childhood stages does this scenario reflect?

industry vs inferiority

In a female embryo, what allows for the development of female sex organs?

low levels of androgens

Emotion-coaching parents

monitor their children's emotions, view their children's negative emotions as opportunities for teaching, assist them in labeling emotions, and coach them in how to deal effectively with emotions

According to Marcia's conceptualization of identity development, identity _____ describes an individual who has explored alternative paths but has not yet made a commitment.

moratorium

Children whose parents follow _____ tend to be less competent socially, to handle independence poorly, and to show poor self-control.

neglectful

You tried to play peek-a-boo with your 6-month-old infant, but whenever you hid your face, he would cry. You try it again three months later, and now he laughs and enjoys the game, trying to uncover your face with his hands. Your baby has now developed

object permanance

"Out of sight, out of mind" can describe the behavior of a child who has not mastered the concept of

object permanence

In the context of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, _____ are mental representations that are reversible.

operations

Which of the following best distinguishes the infancy stage from other stages of development?

physical growth is most rapid the first year

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, an individual in the ________ level of moral development recognizes alternative moral courses, explores the options, and then develops an increasingly personal moral code.

postconventional

Which technique used in studying infant perception involves giving an infant a choice of what to look at and then looking for a reliable preference for one stimulus over the other?

preferential looking

Dan arranges two rows of pennies so they are equal in length. A child views the rows and states that they have the same amount of pennies. He spreads out the pennies in the bottom row so that it is longer than the top one. The child now states that the bottom row has more pennies. This child is in Piaget's ________ stage of development.

preoperational

Which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development is characterized by egocentric thought?

preoperational

While giving a cookie to Joe, Mathew drops it on the table, and the cookie breaks into several pieces. Joe starts to cry when he is offered the pieces of cookie instead of the whole cookie. According to Joe, since the sizes of the pieces are smaller than the whole cookie, he is being offered smaller quantity. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Joe is most likely in the ________ stage of development.

preoperational

You give your younger brother Joe a bag of marbles. While he is playing with them, you ask him how many blue marbles there are. He correctly answers, "Nine!" You ask, "How many green marbles?" Joe says, "Four!" You then ask, "Are there more blue or green?" He responds, "Blue!" Finally, you ask, "Are there more blue or round marbles?" Joe responds, "Blue!" He is most likely in which developmental stage?

preoperational

A researcher pours two glasses of juice for a 7-year-old. The glasses are identical in shape and the child agrees they have the same amount of juice. When the researcher pours the contents of one glass into a taller and thinner glass, the child chooses the taller, thinner glass as the one with more juice. This child is likely in Piaget's ________ stage of development, and has not yet arrived in Piaget's ________ stage.

preoperational, concrete operational

Anita is a nurse. Anita always helps the poor and contributes to charity. She always helps other people without the intention to receive any rewards from others. Her friend Jose reasons that she is a nice person because of her noble deeds and not because of her profession. Which of the following principles of moral foundation does Jose use in his judgment of Anita's behaviors?

purity

If children cannot grasp the concept of conservation, they are unable to

recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape

Your child has entered the stage Piaget called preoperational. Which of these do you now expect your child to be able to do?

represent the world with symbols

________ is a person's ability to recover from or adapt to a difficult time, and is a key aspect to thriving.

resilience

If a child can understand that 2+2=4 and 4-2=2, then the child possesses the characteristic of

reversibility

Manuela is 70 years old. She wants to jog 5 miles every day but knows that her body cannot cope with the stress of a long-distance run. She wants to stay fit but knows that her bones are nimble. She instead contents herself by walking slowly on a treadmill every day. She also does yoga to keep herself healthy. Manuela's changes in goal are best explained by the process of

selective optimization with compensation.

In Piaget's cognitive development theory, the ________ stage occurs during the period of infancy.

sensorimotor

In which stage of cognitive development does the child coordinate sensations and motor movements?

sensorimotor

A 5-month-old baby wants to reach out to a toy that is placed on a table. The baby is gazing and looking around for the toy. In this case, the baby's ability to spot the toy is primarily because of the baby's

sensory capacities

Annie is a young adult who is in Erikson's stage known as intimacy vs. isolation. What are the possible outcomes of her resolution of the conflict or crisis that typifies this stage?

she will form meaningful relationships or become socially separate

A child that has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and has a low mood intensity is said to have what type of temperament?

slow to warm up

Developmental psychologists study physical, cognitive, and ________ changes throughout the human life cycle.

socioemotional

Which of the following theories was developed to address the narrowing of social contacts and the increase in positive emotion that occur with age?

socioemotional selectivity theory

According to Piaget, children's thought in the preoperational stage is egocentric. This statement refers to

the difficulty in perceiving things from another person's point of view.

According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to

the difficulty perceiving things from another person's point of view

Which of the following statements is true of prenatal development in humans?

the heart begins to beat during the embryonic period

The average ages of the beginning and the peak of pubertal change in American males occur ________ those events in American females.

the same time as

Maria has a daughter who is 13 years old. Maria does not intervene with the career choices her daughter makes. She gives her daughter enough freedom to socialize with her friends and relatives. She also regularly checks on her to see if her daughter's activities are not threatening to her daughter's life. This parenting approach by Maria is an example of

vigilant care

During the course of successful prenatal development, a human organism begins as a(n)

zygote then develops into a fetus