AP Psych Unit 11 (Intelligence)
The symmetrical bell-shaped curve displaying most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes.
Bell-curve
Assumed that all children follow the same course of intellectual development but that some develop more rapidly.
Binet
Believed intelligence tests should not be used to label people, but should be used in a combination with other information.
Binet
Developed the world's first standardized intelligence test.
Binet
Terman adapted some of ____ original terms.
Binet's
The world's first standardized intelligence test.
Binet-Simon intelligence scale
Name the intelligence: Ability to control one's body motions) = Dancers, athletes
Body-kinesthetic
Gave us some statistical techniques that we still use (as well as the phrase nature and nurture). And his persistent belief in the inheritance of genius.
Galton
According to Charles Spearman and others, _____ underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test.
General intelligence
Those who have an IQ above 130, around 2%% of the population.
Gifted children
Name one advantage to Spearman's Two Factor theory.
Good predictor of performance in school
Knowing how to express emotions in varied situations, and how to manage others' emotions.
Managing emotions
What was Binet's goal?
Measure mental age
Achievement tests are to aptitude tests as?
Measurement is to prediction
A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age.
Mental age
Critics say the IQ test favors what class?
Middle
IQ of 50-70 & around 85% are in this category. They can learn to become self-supporting members of society.
Mild intellectual disability
Name the theory of intelligence: Includes analytical, creative, and practical.
Triarchic theory
Name the theory of intelligence: Most commonly accepted theory today.
Triarchic theory
Predict emotions and how they change and blend.
Understand emotion
Terman believed those with IQ's of 75 or below should be?
Unskilled laborers
Enabling adaptive and creative thinking.
Use emotions
The test measures what it is supposed to measure. Ex: Studies have shown that handwriting analysis has no validity as a personality test.
Validity
List the 7 abilites that Thurstone describes.
Verbal comprehension, reasoning, perceptual speed, numerical ability, word fluency, associative memory , and spatial visualization.
An IQ of 130-150 is considered?
Very superior
The most widely used intelligence tests; they contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.
WAIS
Using an MRI we found ___ correlation with brain size and IQ score.
+.33
Intended to reflect what you've learned (current performance). Ex: AP Test
Achievement tests
General intelligence, the ability to solve problems and reason.
G factor
List an example of Savant syndrome.
"Rain Man" could recite Bible by heart, but could not button his clothes.
By age __, children's performance on intelligence tests begins to predict their adolescent and adult scores.
4
Terman believed that people with IQ's below ___ should not be given employment that involves prestige or monetary reward.
100
What is a "genius" IQ?
180 and above
Intelligence tests before age __ only modestly predict children's future aptitudes.
3
A traditional IQ test would measure __ factor.
G
After age __, intelligence tests scores stabilize
7
Children are said to have an intellectual disability if they have difficulty adapting to the demands of independent living and have IQ scores below?
70
The average IQ score is 100 and 95% of IQ scores fall between ___ and ___.
70 and 130
"Book smart" intelligence is called?
Analytical
Logical thinking skills assessed by intelligence tests, which present well-defined problems having a single right answer. Ex: Multiple Choice on AP test
Analytical intelligence
Intended to predict your ability to learn a new skill (future performance) Ex: College Entrance Test
Aptitude tests
Although science itself strives for objectivity, individual scientists are affected by their own?
Assumptions and attitudes
A ____ child should perform as does a typical older child.
Bright
An IQ of 110-119 is considered?
Bright
Name the theory of intelligence: Viewed intelligence as 2 different abilities: G factor and S factor. Implemented factor analysis
Charles Spearman and Two factor theory
The extent to which a test samples the criterion that is of interest. Ex: The AP exam in psych should contain items about psychology
Content validity
Problem-solving skills demonstrated in reacting adaptively to novel situations and generating novel ideas. Ex: Thinking up a caption for an untitled cartoon.
Creative intelligence
Accumulated knowledge over a lifetime. Increases with age.
Crystallized intelligence
If the scores on an intelligence test form a normal curve with a standard deviation of 15, A. the mean, median, and mode are 100. B. 68 percent of scores are between 85 and 115 C. 60 percent of test-takers earned at least a 100 D. a and b only are true. E. a, b, and c are true.
D.
Created what is now the most widely used individual intelligence test.
David Wechsler
Intellectual disabilities sometimes have a known physical/genetic cause such as?
Down syndrome
A ____ child should perform as does a typical younger child.
Dull
If your ACT scores are consistent across the board, you have a strong ____ factor.
G
Name the theory of intelligence: These four components predict social success and emotional well-being.
Emotional
Founded by Frances Galton in the 1800's.
Eugenics
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (factors) on a test, and discovered that what we see as many different skills is actually one General.
Factor analysis
Ability to solve problems quickly and think abstractly. Decreases slowly with age.
Fluid intelligence
Explains that there has been a rise in each successive generation's average IQ scores.
Flynn effect
Suggested smarts have to do with heredity and encouraged smart people to bred with each other to create a master race of genius's.
Francis Galton
The amount of group variation in intelligence that can be attributed to genetics.
Heritablility
Describe the results of Ian Deary's test.
High scoring 11 yr. olds were more likely to be living independently and less likely to have Alzheimer's disease.
Believed that there exists at least 8 different types of intelligences.
Howard Garner
Administered an intelligence test to every 10-11 yr. old on the same day in the country of Scotland.
Ian Deary
In Binet's time, intellectually deficient children were divided into 3 groups, list them.
Idiots, imbelicles, and morons
Law influenced by Yerkes conclusions.
Immigration law
The consistency of scores over time ____ with the age of the child.
Increases
What 2 factors must a child have to be labeled intellectually disabled?
Low test score and difficulty adapting to the normal demands of independent living.
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situation.
Intelligence
Researchers studying the effects of genes on intelligence have found that?
Intelligence is affected by many genes working together
A method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.
Intelligence test
In the first half of the 20th century, these were used to enforce the sterilization of about 65,000 people.
Intelligence test scores
Name the intelligence: (Sensitivity to others and understanding motivation of others) = Psychologists, managers
Interpersonal
Name the intelligence: Understanding of one's emotions and how they guide actions) = Various people-oriented careers
Intrapersonal
Describe what Yerkes concluded about the average mental age of white Americans.
It is 13 because of the breeding of the poor and the spread of Black blood through interracial breeding.
What would be true of a thermometer that always reads three degrees lower than the actual temperature?
It is reliable but not valid
Name one disadvantage to Spearman's Two Factor theory.
It only focuses on cognitive abilities and fails to consider motor, perceptual, musical, and creative abilities.
Created the theory of primary mental abilities.
L.L Thurstone
Found that the questions given to Parisian school children worked poorly with California school children.
Lewis Terman
Hoped to establish minimum intelligence scores necessary for all leading occupations.
Lewis Terman
Name the intelligence: (Ability to use language) = writers, speakers.
Linguistic
Name the intelligence: (Ability to think logically and to solve mathematical problems) = Scientists, engineers
Logical-mathematical
IQ of 35-55. They can learn to become partially independent, provided they are in a family or self-help setting.
Moderate intellectual disability
According to Yerkes, The fair people of Western and Northern Europe were most/less intelligent, while the darker peoples of Southern Europe were most/less intelligent.
Most; less
Name the theory of intelligence: He finds evidence for his view in studies of people with diminished or exceptional abilities.
Multiple intelligences (Howard Garner)
Name the intelligence: Ability to compose and/or perform music) = Musicians, even those who do not read musical notes but can perform and compose.
Musical
Name the intelligence: Ability to recognize the patterns found in nature) = Farmers, landscapers, biologists, botanists
Naturalist
Which of the following can be used to demonstrate that only about 2 percent of the population scores at least two standard deviations above the mean on an intelligence test?
Normal curve
Yerkes concluded that European immigrants could be ranked on intelligence by their country of _____.
Origin
Recognizing emotions in faces, music, and stories, and identifying one's own emotions.
Perceiving emotion
"Street smart" intelligence is called?
Practical
Required for everyday tasks with multiple solutions. Ability to use info and get along in life. Adjusting to and coping with environment. Ex: Like hands on activities and working with others.
Practical intelligence
The purpose of Alfred Binet's early intelligence test was to?
Predict how children would do in school
The success with which a test predicts the criterion it is designed to predict. Ex: ACT should "predict" college performance
Predictive validity
Name the theory of intelligence: Focused on seven different "primary mental abilities.
Primary Mental Abilities
Name the theory of intelligence: Tried to venture outside the box with intelligence, saying there is more than just one type of intelligence.
Primary Mental Abilities
Viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing. For example, some view your ACT score as a "part" of you.
Refication
Refers to consistency, a person's score on a test at one point in time should be similar to the score obtained by the same person on a similar test at a later point in time.
Reliability
A _____ test gives consistent scores, no matter who takes the test or when they take it.
Reliable
A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as computation or drawing.
Savant syndrome
Created the triarchic theory of intelligence.
Robert Sternberg
Was asked to develop a test that could be used to classify applicants for the army.
Robert Yerkes
Specific intelligence, task-specific abilities in certain areas such as math, mechanical, or verbal.
S factor
Telling students they probably won't succeed functions as a stereotype that can erode test and school performance.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Terman believed that those with 75-85 IQ's should be?
Semi skilled labor
IQ of 20-40. They require supervision their entire lives.
Severe intellecutal disability
List 4 subsets of the WAIS.
Similarites, vocabulary, block design, and letter-number sequencing
Name the intelligence: Ability to understand how objects are oriented in space) = Pilots, astronauts, artists, navigators.
Spatial
Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.
Standardization
To be widely accepted, a psychological test must meet three criteria, list them.
Standardized, reliable, and valid
The widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test.
Stanford-Binet
A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.
Stereotype threat
An IQ of 120-129 is considered?
Superior
Extended the upper end of the test's range from teenagers to "superior adults."
Terman
Derived the famous intelligent quotient (IQ).
William Stern